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Index: Male Youth Prostitution -  - Homosexuality:  Biological  or  Learned ? -  -  Public School Issues -  - Transgender / Tranvestite / Transsexual -  - Lesbian  &  Bisexual Women -  - Homo-Negativity / Phobia -  - Identity Formation  &  Coming Out -  - Counseling  &  Therapy -  - Professional Education  -  - Bisexuality -  - Religion   &  Spirituality - - HIV-AIDS -  - Gay & Bisexual Male Suicide Problems -  - Drug / Alcohol Use / Abuse / Addiction  -  - GLBT  History - - Community Attributes  &  Problems -  -  Couples / Families / Children / Adoption / Spousal Violence - - The Elderly -  - Race/Ethnic Minority Issues: U.S., Canada, Europe,  New Zealand & Australia -  -  Latin America / Africa -  - Middle East / Asia

Male Youth Prostitution

NORTH AMERICA:

Issues for Male Sex Workers. - Trade tips for male sex workers. - San Francisco Bay Area Homeless Project: Homelessness and Survival Sex. - The Social Organization of Male Prostitution in Times Square by Robert P. McNamara (1992). - A Feminist View That All Sexworkers are Abused and Sick (2002). - Gannongate threatens to expose a huge GOP pedophile and male prostitution ring: (2005, Alternate Link) Related Information. - Male prostitution in the twentieth century: pseudohomosexuals, hoodlum homosexuals, and exploited teens (2003). - Trial Opens in Slaying of Transvestite (2002): "After a woman on the street offered him $20 for sex, Carlos Camacho says he accompanied her home, took off his clothes, and waited for her to emerge from the bathroom at her Paterson apartment. But when she came out naked, Camacho said he learned that she was a he." - Gay Sex Workers: Being a male escort is not just a job, it’s an adventure. But it’s one that comes with special risks—and special responsibilities. - Personal Characteristics, Sexual Behaviors, and Male Sex Work (2010). - The Experiences of African American Male Commercial Sex Workers At-Risk for HIV: Accessing Outreach Services (2009).

Vancouver (1997): Pleasure and Pain - Inside the Sex Trade. - Escaping Boys Town: Vancouver’s male sex workers fight to come out of the street’s shadows N/A (2009, Reference). -  Some related statistics. - Key Materials on Men Who Have Sex With Men at UNAIDS (To 1999). - Anthropology: Glimpses of AIDS and Male Prostitution (1990). - Glimpses of AIDS and male prostitution (Science News) - Blood and Memes on the Marciapiede: Memetics And Migration: "Prostitution isn't just about sex, and it isn't only venereal germs which are transmitted. It is also a ritual about difference, dominance, exploitation, and humiliation; and it is these memes which are also transmitted and reinforced with each coupling." - Politics and Biomedicine: Studies of Gay Men, Prostitutes Come Under Scrutiny (2003). - Montreal: Street Youth: On the periphery of services but at the centre of our concerns (2002, PDF Download): "30% have lived off prostitution..." - Chicago: Youth Homelessness: Youth On The Streets and On Their Own (2001, PDF Download): "12 percent had engaged in prostitution..." 

The Invisible Boy: Sex for Sale N/A - by Peter McKnight, Toronto: "Recently, I found myself on television discussing the dangers of youth prostitution with three experts... While my fellow panelists engaged in a lively debate about whether the impugned law might save lives, one thing went unquestioned: the lives at risk were all female. When I noted that only one of the three murdered Toronto prostitutes was female (one was male and one preoperative male-to-female transsexual), one helpful expert informed me that “the vast majority” of prostitutes are female... Given the prevalence and problems of male prostitution, why do the boys remain invisible?" - The Boy's Stroll (Regina): "Here in Regina a number of studies have been done on child and female prostitution, but not much is said about male prostitution." - Projects in Manitoba: Under the Crime Prevention Investment Fund: "Homosexual boys are also often at risk because of the marginalization they suffer from peers and family... While children as young as 6 have been found prostituting, many youth enter the sex trade between the ages of 13 and 15. Aboriginal youth are over-represented. 86% of sexually exploited children experience intense violence, even death, at the hands of their dates, gangs, partners, or pimps, and young male prostitutes are also at increased risk of "gay bashing." ... Male and female prostitution is concentrated in specific Winnipeg communities, including the downtown area and North End neighbourhoods."

Child Prostitution 05/12/01: "One in five prostitutes operating in Glasgow is a young boy and some are as young as ten years old when they are lured into this dangerous and degrading world. Despite their high numbers on the streets, many male prostitutes miss out on the support available to female victims of the sex industry..." - Support for boys on the game (2001, UK): Far less has been done to help boys involved in prostitution than girls. Mike George on attempts to redress the balance: "Steven has been selling sex for the past four years. He says he does so because it allows him to buy expensive clothes, go to the best restaurants and have a lifestyle which makes it appear he is in control of his life. He thinks that what he does now, at 18, is not so different to what happened when he was a child, when his stepfather, after repeatedly abusing him sexually, took him to the homes of friends. There, in exchange for sex, he was given gifts and treats..." - Boys and young men abused through prostitution (UK): "Many of the young men involved in prostitution have run away from abusive home or care settings and have often truanted from school. Barnardo's figures show that more boys go missing at a younger age than girls. Of 166 boys reported missing in a year in Bradford, 52 were aged 12 and under, of which 21 were aged 10 and under. Just over half had gone missing from their family home, and nearly a quarter from residential care. There are clear links between being in care and sexual exploitation. One study found that two thirds of male prostitutes interviewed had been in local authority care." - No son of mine! Children abused through Prostitution - Summary (PDF Download): The words of a 14-year-old boy abused through prostitution: "Well, do you think I just woke up one day and thought I know I'll be a rent boy today? Thousands of things have happened to me to get me here -mum leaving, no-one at home, hanging round the pub late and waiting to go home with dad, having blokes try to touch us up, seeing boys do tricks and getting cash and fags. If you want to change me, you're probably going to have to do thousands of things too, to balance it out.“ - Fresh Start Program (2003, City of Atlanta Department of Corrections): "Street Life: An alternative lifestyle therapy group. Focuses on male prostitution-the behavior, risks and stigma associated with this lifestyle and addiction." - Young Prostitutes Sell Body and Soul to Street. 

Dancing on a Cliff by John Dentinger (1992): "I had taught America's sons and daughters physics, helped design our nation's defenses, and written for magazines that you can buy in your corner drug store.  On a parallel track, I became an outlaw. I didn't merely make occasional forays into the front lines of the sex and drug revolutions. I worked there.  Let me describe the sex, first.  From age 26 to age 28 - while teaching undergraduate physics labs at U.S.C. by day - I was a call boy by night. I had about two or three hundred clients during that time (more than I had students)... Being a call boy wasn't a line of work I advertised widely, although the stigma for male prostitutes is a great deal less than for the female counterpart. To the extent that there is negativity ("He's just a gigolo," or "He's just a kept boy,") the source is primarily envy, which is flattering. More usually there's a certain admiration that you were able to sell a commodity that normally only women can sell. This is particularly true for fast-lane urban gay men, for whom hustling is only a short step beyond their every day life- styles. When female prostitutes get dressed up for a call, they wear a "tarty" getup and have a lot more sex, with a much greater variety of partners, than the typical heterosexual woman. When male prostitutes get dressed for the street or for a call, they dress much the same as any guy in a gay bar, and they don't have sex with a greater number of partners than their non-working counterparts. Usually when I tell someone that I'd been a call boy, the response is not, "Ooh, what a whore," but, "Oh, John, how exciting." It's not a nightmare to most gay men; it's a fantasy. There are some other differences between male and female prostitution. Men, more than women, need to husband their sexual energies carefully (gotta be ready for the next client). That's why it's high flattery for a hustler to say, "I'd fuck him for free." 

Glen Meadmore Interview (1998): "I love that song you wrote, "Never trust A Hustler." That one comes from experience. Your hustler boyfriend Monty stole and sold your guitar and amp-Marshall stax, and all your Joel Peter Witkin prints that you posed for and all your one-of-a-kind John Wayne Gacy paintings that feature you and Mr. G in very romantic coupling." - Barney Frank and the Male Prostitute (1989). - Barney Frank admits to having sex with young male aide (1989). - Nothing New Under the Sun (1998): In 1990, the House publicly reprimanded another Massachusetts congressman, Barney Frank, for among other things using his political influence to fix parking tickets for an intimate friend who was also a male prostitute. Since then, Frank has been reelected consistently. - The Kimberly Conundrum: How a crack-smoking male prostitute became the basis of a controversial theory about who killed Kimberly Ernest. - The Elusive Male Prostitutes (1999). - Rupert Everett (1999): ""I´ve never regretted anything I´ve said, even the stuff about being a male prostitute. I´m not ashamed of it. It was necessary for me at that time in my life. I was going for a career in acting, but I wasn´t completely successful. So, I became a male escort." (Quotation: Everett to Atlanta´s Southern Voice). (Short Biography). - Pete Doherty Reveals He Was A Gay Rent Boy (2005). - Male Prostitution Along U.S.-Mexico Border May Increase HIV Risk, Needs Further Study, Experts Say (2002). - Adolescent male prostitution by choice (1989).

Minister Admits to Buying Drugs and Massage (2006). - Confessions of an Angry Hustler: Ted Haggard's bitter boy toy tells all (2006). - Ted Haggard on homosexuality: “We don’t have to debate about what we should think about homosexual activity, it’s written in the Bible.” Watch it (from the new documentary “Jesus Camp“). - Dear NBC: No more Ted Haggard/gay hustler stories, please! (2007): Less than two weeks after NBC’s Law & Order aired an episode titled Church about a televangelist involved with a gay hustler, last night’s Law & Order: Criminal Intent aired an episode called Brothers Keeper about a televangelist involved with…a gay hustler. Wow! What are the odds?

Embracing the "inner ho": David Sterry is a baseball writer and former male prostitute who is working on a novel with no sex in it (2002). - Grilling The Chicken: Q&A With David Sterry, Former Rent Boy (2005): "When he was 17-years-old, David Henry Sterry left his suburban childhood to attend a Catholic college in Hollywood. As it turned out, the place didn't have dorms. And he only had $27 in his pocket. His parents were too distracted to help. Not that David, whose teenage mantra was "whatever," knew how to ask. The first person he talked to in Hollywood -- an anonymous man with a T-shirt that read "Sexxy" -- offered him a steak, took him back to his house, and raped and robbed him, setting him on a path that quickly led to a seven-month career as a male prostitute. "Chicken: Self-Portrait of a Young Man for Rent," is not a dark, brooding memoir. From the first page, Sterry writes with the mordant, jagged wit of Chuck Palahniuk. Sterry's encounters range from the cliché -- there's the "take-no-prisoners, lifestyles-of-the-rich-and-famous, old-fashioned, newfangled orgy" -- to the truly horrifying." - Chicken: Self-Portrait of a Young Man for Rent - by David Sterry. (Amazon.com Reference).

Sex trade involvement and rates of human immunodeficiency virus positivity among young gay and bisexual men (2001). "The study is based upon data obtained from a prospective cohort study of young gay and bisexual men [in Vancouver, Canada]... Sex trade involvement was defined as the exchange of money, drugs, goods, clothing, shelter or protection for sex within the one year prior to enrollment... Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed regular alcohol use (Odds Ratio [OR] = 3.6, 95% CI : 1.8-7.2),  aboriginal ethnicity (OR = 3.7, 95% CI : 1.6-8.7), unemployment (OR = 3.9, 95% CI: 2.1-7.3), history of residence in a psychiatric ward (OR = 4.2, 95% CI : 1.8-9.8), bisexual activity (OR = 7.0, 95% CI : 3.5-14.1) and the use of crack (OR = 7.4, 95% CI : 3.0-18.7) to be independently associated with sex trade work. Sex trade workers had a significantly higher HIV prevalence at baseline compared with non-sex trade workers (7.3% versus 1.1%, P < 0.001). As well, HIV incidence was found to be significantly higher for sex trade workers compared with non-sex trade workers (4.7% versus 0.9%, P = 0.011). (Full Text link given: International Journal of Epidemiology). Factors associated with sex trade involvement among male participants in a prospective study of injection drug users (2004). - The Vanguard of Sexploitation: Vancouver research hurts those it claims to help by Andrew Sorfleet (1997).

Vancouver's Vanguard Study: (Revised Version at Vanguard Project (Latest Site for Vanguard Project Studies). "One-quarter of participants had been paid for sex at some point in their lives, of whom 60% had done so in the previous year. 10% had paid another male for sex, of whom 40% had done so in the previous year. Relative to the remainder of the cohort, men who were paid for sex in the last year were significantly more likely to be: younger; non-white (44% vs. 23%); have less than a high school education; live in unstable housing; earn less than $10,000/year; identify as bisexual (46% vs. 6%); report non-consensual sex (47% vs. 31%); start having sex with men and/or women at younger ages; use of coke/crack, heroin, poppers, or injection drugs (23% vs. 3%). Sex trade workers more at risk. - A boy's life: "At almost midnight and with the interview over, Desmond stands and walks off with another young hustler down to the other end of the block. A male prostitute in loose-fitting clothes and a skateboard plops down to take over Desmond's old spot nearby. The business of Boystown continues."

Homeless Gay Youth: For Group of Young People, Village Piers Mean Home (New York) (New York Times, July 18, 1998): "Men in expensive cars cruised by. Frequently they stopped, exchanging brief, hushed words with youths who approached, climbed into the cars and rode away... Hernden said he became depressed when confronted with the reality that few doors were open to him without a high school diploma. He began to work as a prostitute... At the time, Richardson was homeless, turning tricks on the streets of Baltimore in exchange for a place to sleep, he said. Richardson said he told his mother and sisters he was gay, and then endured a year of homosexual slurs from his family."

20/20 reports on homeless gay youth (1999): "Without a home, or family, these teenagers often pay devastating price for their sexual orientation. Experts say about a third of all teenage suicide attempts are by gay and lesbian kids. Often, these teens turn to prostitution to survive: ". . . maybe it doesn't start with survival sex. Maybe it comes with some adult saying I'll give you a bed. I'll give you a hot meal. You can stay at my house. And then comes the attack," Ms. Eggleston [the executive director of Hetrick Martin Institute] says."

The lost boys (1997). - Alternate link: Boston Phoenix Archives: "Male prostitution is a world apart. Female prostitutes are often the products of broken homes where drugs, violence, or incest prevail. But young men who sell sex on the street often end up there because of their sexual orientation. Many run away or are disowned by their families for being homosexual. "Gay male prostitutes all have the same story," says Gerry Cheney, an outreach worker for prostitutes. "They're confused about their sexuality, so they turn to a family that is unwilling to accept the lifestyle. Out of shame, or sometimes because they are forced to, they leave home, quit school, and end up on the street, drug-addicted and homeless... Male prostitutes start shockingly young. The average age at which young women get involved in street prostitution is 16.9, according to a study conducted by the San Francisco-based Delancey Street Foundation, an organization that does outreach work with female prostitutes. Young men, however, enter into prostitution at 14 or even younger, says Sean Haley, director of adolescent services for JRI Health, in Boston -- the city's only outreach program for male commercial sex workers."

Samuel G, Benjamin K (2013). Calgary Sex Work Trends. Calgary: AIDS Calgaryt Awareness Association & shift: Support Services for people in the sex trade.  PDF Download. This review provides a critical examination of the literature relating to indoor sex work among individuals of all genders, as well as outdoor mal e and transgendered sex workers. The literature reveals a heavy focus on the realities, needs and i ssues facing female outdoor sex workers, which is estimated to make up only a small proportion of the sex industry. In reality, approximately 80-90% of sex workers work in indoor environments (STAR, 2005; Bruckert & Chabot, 2010); areas that include: brothels, parlours, hotels, and individual and/or client homes. Furthermore, very little research has been conducted with male and transgend ered sex workers as a distinct group, even though they do make up a significant proportion of the industry. Canadian research estimates that male sex workers alone make up 20-25% of the industry (Bruckert & Chabot , 2010). The handful of Canadian studies that are included in this analysis however, do include a small proportion of male and transgendered participants as part of the study sample.

Yolo (2011). Old White Men, Young Black Boys & the Sexual Legacy of Slavery.. in the Light of Penn State. Excerpt: At this point, I did not know that the Spring Street Arby’s and the subsequent area around the club 708 is a space where many sex workers, most of them African American boys & trans women, are solicited. I had no idea as I would learn later through my work in HIV & AIDS prevention & education, that most of those young African American boys and trans-women would report that the majority of their clients are middle aged white men. At first I thought little of it. I mean, why wouldn’t the majority of them be middle aged white men, who in this country would be more likely to have the disposable income? As I continued my studies in African American literature and history I found a few things that took me somewhere else. Where to you might ask? Why to Slavery my dear friend.

Kularski CM, James RM (2011). Absent Masculinity in Feminist Discourse on Sex Work. Topics in Women’s Studies: Transnational Feminism. PDF Download. Men receive very little coverage as sex workers in academic discourse. Their contributions to the economies of third world countries are seldom acknowledged along with their female counterparts. A similar situation occurs with the presentation of women coerce girls to become prostitutes. There is little discourse involving the topic. Feminist discourse on the topic of sex work is limited to a female-centric industry that is operated by men. The primary discussion of male sex workers is through the frame of homosexual male prostitutes. Male sexual slavery is not discussed at any length in any academic articles. Some references to male prostitution are made in work on sex tourism, but the “beach boy” prostitutes get buried beneath layers of discourse involving the history of women in the sex trade in the Caribbean, essentially the men are cast off as a footnote in the research (Kempadoo, 2001b). It is important that these omissions be understood so that discourse may be equitably conducted and no group be excluded due to patriarchal myths or gender bias. The global sex work industry is interpreted by Western society to be an act of violence against women (Kempadoo, 2001). This interpretation does not provide for the presence of men in the global sex trade in any capacity other than the oppressor.

Hunt G, Chamberland L (2006). Is Sex Work? Re-assessing Feminist Debates About Sex, Work, and Money. Labour/Le Travail, 58 (Fall): 203-216. PDF Download. Review Essay. Sex Work Is Used as an umbrella term to encompass a variety of acts involving a commercial transaction for a sexual activity, such as stripping, escorting, erotic massage, telephone or internet sex, and prostitution. Sex worker is used as a less offensive, non-discriminating alternative to terms such as whore or slut. The term sex work is also used as a political statement, one that helps to legitimize and rationalize the sex industry, and help empower a pro-sex, sex workers’ social movement. Sex workers represent a continuum: at one end are children or adults who are forced into sexual acts against their will, with little opportunity of escape; at the other end, are adult sex workers who voluntarily and willingly select sex work as their principal occupation... Sex for money has always been a fact of life. These books help us to appreciate and better understand the supply side of the sex work economic equation. All of the books frame sex work as more and more like other service-sector labour, and they challenge us to make sense of this development. These books also remind us that there is great diversity in sex work in terms of location, working conditions, type of work, type of worker, and power relationships, and that one analytical lens or presupposition is too limiting. For some workers, pride is a driving force, and they see themselves as part of a pro-sex, sex workers’ movement. For others, it is a temporary route out of poverty. For yet others, sex work operates in conjunction with a decline into drugs and decay. Sex work may be work by many measures we might use, but, given the range of activities it involves, distinctions do need to be made about its boundaries. Sex work is more and more a diversified phenomenon. One size of analysis does not fit all situations. 

Uy JM, Parsons JT, Bimbi DS, Koken JA, Halkitis PN (2004, Abstract). Gay and bisexual male escorts who advertise on the Internet: understanding reasons for and effects of involvement in commercial sex. International Journal of Men's Health, Spring. Full Text. Full Text N/A. "The predominant reason these men were engaged in escorting was for monetary gains and benefits. The majority of the men (n = 29, 63.0%) endorsed money-related benefits as being a reason for their participation in sex work. When asked to describe the positive aspects of being a sex worker, one participant said, "The extra money. Just this money that's not taxable, and it's instant, instant gratification. It's not hard work. Nothing else." Often, remunerations were generous and on occasion included trips abroad among other gifts, as explained by one participant:... Sense of self. Many participants talked about how having sexual encounters with generously paying clients bolsters their sense of self. Having clients request their services, they are made to feel empowered, desired, attractive, and important, this elevates the escort's self-esteem... While the majority of participants did not report a positive change to their personality, 12 participants (26.1%) did, by reporting at least one positive change that was gained from sex work including increased confidence, increased outgoingness, and improved body image. One particular escort involved in sadism and masochism (S&M) explained how his growing self-assurance developed from his vocation:... Sex. Clearly, sexual activity is an integral part of an escort's profession, with 18 participants (39.1%) in this study citing their enjoyment of sex as a reason for being in this particular line of work. Most participants were able to recall pleasurable sexual interactions with clients, and some deemed them as a critical reason for involvement in escorting... Participants expressed that the sexual experiences they had, subsequent to their entry into sex work, were no longer as thrilling or as stimulating as they once were. Excessive sexual activity through work had minimized the pleasurable aspects of sex and had rendered sexual activity banal and at times tedious..."

Spangenberg, Mika (2001). Prostituted Youth in New York City: An Overview. PDF Download. As boys primarily cater to the homosexual population and due to the additional stigma attached to homosexuality, there is little research about boys in prostitution in general or in New York in particular. When asked, several interviewees were able to estimate the scope of boy prostitution here. In Breault’s estimation, if the boys prostituting in the West Village as well as the transgendered youth are included with the boys involved in prostitution for survival, there would be a higher number of prostituted boys than girls. Eunice Spivey, Senior Case Manager at Promesa’s Transitional Independent Living Program for young homeless males aged sixteen to twenty, also believes that there are more boys than girls in prostitution in New York.16 In addition, most male adolescent prostitution occurs in large cities with significant gay populations like New York.

"Is Prostitute's Past Protected by Rape Shield Law? Arguments heard to determine whether 15-year-old's past can be explored in a Pa. courtroom".(To access place "Prostitute's Past" in search wiondow at http://www.lawnewsnetwork.com/). - AIDS clue from body frozen for 30 years (Alternate Link): "The frozen body of a boy prostitute who died in 1969 from something "highly unusual" was later found infected with a strain of HIV, pushing back the first recorded AIDS case in the United States by a decade."

Catholic priest Kevin Gray stole $1M and spent it on male escorts: police (2011). - Gay escort talks about priests who hire male prostitutes (2010). - Vatican hit by gay sex scandal (2010): Vatican chorister sacked for allegedly procuring male prostitutes for papal gentleman-in-waiting.

Angels of Mercy: Light in the Darkness of Polk Street (1995): "They leave families that are physically, sexually and emotionally abusive only to be victims harassed once more by adults who treat the youth as a commodity to be bought and sold... San Francisco's Polk Street is known for teen-age prostitution..." - Male Youth Prostitution in Philadelphia N/A (1998). - Male prostitution in Washington, D.C. N/A - Psycho-social aspects of male prostitution in Washington, DC. (1990. Alternate Link) (Related Book)  - The Life of an Escort: Nam Hao (Must Scroll). - Chevy Chase Principal Resigns Male Prostitute Allegations Probed (1989). - The Final Transformation (1978): "When I was 18, I quit college and headed for New Orleans. I worked as a waiter at a place which was a haven for male and female prostitution. They let me wear face makeup and lipstick. I soon became adept at male prostitution." - The Ex Files: Not Your Usual Gays.: He signed up for an escort service and began selling his body for 80 dollars per hour. Eventually, [John] Paulk racked up over 300 sexual partners. However, writes Paulk, he became tired of being "sexually used". After a while, he dropped out of the escort business. Without the income it had provided..."

San Antonio (1996): Sixth man jailed in Internet male prostitution ring. - Filipino Gays Targeted Again in the Mideast N/A: "Though Philippine officials did not link the actions in Qatar and Kuwait, the existence of an enormously lucrative male prostitution ring, headquartered in Manila, is believed to be in operation in countries throughout the Middle East." - Vox Interviews: Buckcherry: "Keith and I started this male prostitution ring and it just got old. We were sick of all of the…"

Rent Boys: Notorious trophy boy Andrew Cunanan's relationships with rich older men were not unique. A look inside San Diego's silent subculture (1997): "David is a kept boy. This year, he’ll collect $50,000 from two much older male sponsors who pay him for sex and companionship. It’s a thriving  underground industry, David says. And he’s far from alone in taking care of business." - The Life of a Trophy Boy (Washington Post) (1997): "The sugar daddy and the house boy, the older gay man and his baby-faced companion, is a gay paradigm that traces back centuries. It is rooted in the long history of homosexual stealth-English lords who carried on with young kitchen hands, prominent married men who found young underlings at the office." - Who is Andrew Cunanan? (1997). - Three Month Fever: The Andrew Cunanan Story (1999). - A male prostitute with the AIDS virus went on television under court order to warn those who may have had sexual contact with him (1998).

The London, Ontario 1993-96, "Child-Sex Porn Ring": Possibly not what the police and the media led many to believe. Transcript of the CBC program IDEAS (4-part). -  Alternate "Ideas" transcript link from CBC Radio.

Part of the Canadian walnet.org "sex worker information site:" - Male sex worker issues. Considerable "bio" information relating to teenage male hustlers. Many articles and news items. - Ryerson Prof: I'm A Hooker. - The Gerald Hannon Affair. - Related listing of articles.

Three Toronto Transgendered Sex Workers Murdered by Same Gun (1996). - UF Study: Discriminatin forces transvestites into protitution: "Being ostracized from society forces many transsexuals and transvestites into prostitution, putting them at risk for abuse, violence and the deadly virus that leads to AIDS, a new University of Florida study finds. Often rejected by their families at an early age, and with few sources of social support, they are left with little option for survival other than prostitution, said James "Al" Bay, a UF graduate student in anthropology who did the research for his dissertation."  - Transsexuals forced into risky business - study (1998): "The study of Miami male transsexuals found they were often rejected by their families at an early age and had few ways to make a living other than street prostitution, in the course of which they were often subjected to robbery and rape." - Transsexual prostitution in New Zealand: Predominance of persons of Maori extraction (1984).

The Toronto Trans and Two-Spirit Primer: An Introduction to Lower-income, Sex-working and Street-involved Transgendered, Transsexual & Two-Spirit Service Users in Toronto (2006, PDF Download. PDF Download): "Legal Issues affecting Lower Income Trans/Two-Spirit People: There are a number of legal issues facing lower-income and sex-working trans and Two-Spirit people. There are laws affecting sex workers, human rights laws, and legal identity issues. Laws affecting Sex Workers [are].... The community has been subject to constant harassment and sweeps by police and at one point had to switch to working on the west side of Jarvis to avoid the 51 Division’s jurisdiction. While some attempts have been made to work with a GLBT Toronto Police Liaison Committee on these issues, decriminalization is necessary for the community to work and live safely."

Studies of Street Youth and Younger Male Sex Workers in Canada. - A psychosocial study of male prostitution (1989). - Les masseurs et escortes; si personne ne se plaint, la police n'interviendra pas! (Translation)

A preacher's son (David Kyle): From many years of youth prostitution to becoming a Christian Minister N/A: (1995, Alternate Link) "You see, when I was eight or nine, I suddenly became sexually obsessive and suicidal - classic signs of having been sexually abused, although to this day I have no such memories. I was a spoiled brat, selfish and perverse, full of rebellion and seeking to prove to everyone who looked my way that I was not the goody two-shoes that everyone was trying to typecast me as - being a preacher's kid. I cursed a blue streak, just to get laughs and to keep the neighborhood bully from beating me up every day. Seeing one day that he was in a particularly foul mood, I took off my clothes and ran around the playground just to make him laugh. It worked and for the first time, I realized that I could get people to like me by taking off my clothes - a revelation that would eventually give birth to almost a decade of prostitution." - From Preacher's Kid To Prostitute To Priest: Freedom From Homosexuality: David Kyle Foster's Testimony (2002): "My hustling began one night in St. Petersburg, Florida. I had made several suicide attempts that God had thwarted and I went to the pier to talk to Him, because I could not understand how He could love me and leave me in such pain. Unknown to me at the time, the pier was a hangout for male prostitutes. As I sat on the railing, men in cars would try to wave me over. I thought it must be a drug-selling place. Then a guy came over and told me that I was doing it wrong. "Doing what?" I asked. He then proceeded to describe how to be a successful male prostitute, as he was. I was flabbergasted. I didn't even know that male prostitutes even existed and was floored that someone would think that I was one. I was also intrigued. I was also mad at God. After all, I had come there to talk to Him and had found myself in such a place. So, to spite God, I decided to try it - just once. It was steeply down hill from there."

Hustler Priest (1997): (Google Search) Father River Sims - priest of the Evangelical Anglican Church in America - a gay man and former sex worker - helping street "kids" from age 12 to over 35 - often sex workers. Description of life on Polk Street, San Francisco given, including male prostitution: "A 12-year-old was out here one night, and I knew he had warrants, and I told the officer: 'You know, you need to pick this kid up. He's 12 years old. He said: 'Let the old men have their toys.' What does that say about where we put our priorities.. The cutest but most heartbreaking of the kids is angel-faced Bobby, a hardened, tough-talking 13-year-old. He climbs onto the seat next to Sims, devours leftover Cokes and potato chips, and vents his anger at a john who'd tried to pick him up: "The fucker tries to buy my 13-year-old ass, then complains I tried to rob him!" - Maverick priest braves indifference, poverty to reach young sex workers (2006): "Sims estimates he's attended 1,000 funerals for young sex workers and addicts since he established his ministry more than a decade ago. Some were as young as 12; none were older than 28. All led lives that were far too sad and complicated for their years...  - John Green, the pastor with the pavement parish (1993): " Helping male prostitutes to get off the streets on Chicago's north side has been John Green's full-time ministry ever since he earned his master's degree from the Graduate School at Wheaton College in 1992... The guys don't like to be identified as being involved in prostitution even when they are. They generally prefer the term 'hustling'." - John Green: A light for Chicago's night community (2000): "Founded by Wheaton (Illinois) College graduate John Green, Emmaus Ministries reaches out to the "night community" in a neighborhood known for its gay bars and clubs. Most of the prostitutes are young, homeless men addicted to alcohol or drugs. Despite their homosexual clientele, 75 percent of those involved in prostitution consider themselves heterosexual, Green says. Rather than steal to survive and/or feed their habit, they sell their bodies." - Where Hustlers Find Hope (2006): Male Prostitutes in inner-city Chicago are finding a new kind of love from a radical ministry that offers compassion instead of judgment. 

Deeper in the Shadows: Where the boys go is much more obscure (1997, Alternate Link): "The Bridge Team's main goal is to reach women, but the team also works with male prostitutes. The "boys" tend to be even younger than their female counterparts; most are between 15 and 20 years old. The male prostitutes don't walk the streets the way the women do. They loiter behind the Springfield Newspapers building and the Peter Pan bus station, waiting for customers - generally older men - to pick them up." - Antiques 'stolen by prostitute' (An International Story - USA/Australia).

Profile of a pedophile: How a prominent Ware attorney preyed on troubled boys - and why some people in town continue to stand by him: "Sure, there were whispers: What did Pentlarge really want with these troubled boys? He was an out gay man, out and proud. When accusations of child molestation surfaced in the mid-1980s, Pentlarge and his friends deflected them by crying prejudice and homophobia. Well-meaning people were intimidated by the insinuation that questioning Pentlarge's motives was an act of bigotry, that it fed into a detestable stereotype that suggests gays are pedophiles at heart. But the whispers persisted. By the early 1990s, the volume grew loud enough to reach the ears of the state police. And then, investigators say, the boys themselves balked. They agreed to tell their stories, but hesitated to testify - out of fear and shame and, perhaps, admiration. Or even love... The Pentlarge case demonstrates how easy it is for society to remain blind to child sexual assault, especially when the victims are adolescent boys. It also shows that when the perpetrator is an otherwise upstanding member of the community and his victims are tainted by troubled pasts, it is painfully easy for justice to be denied..." - Campaign official is ‘high risk’ sex offender (2010). - Pentlarge and Another v. Sex Offender Registry Board et. al. (2011).

City of night (PDF Download) (by Three Dollar Bill): "Friedman, 30, hustled for seven months to pay the rent when he was a closeted freshman at the University of Minnesota a decade ago. "I was a sex worker long enough to figure it was exciting but not what I was looking for: The protections were very few... "A lot of hustlers are runaways," Mack explains. "They get propositioned all the time and eventually they say yes. It's not as awful as it's made out to be. Ideally the money is good and you develop relationships with people not from your side of the tracks, whereas the gay community is completely homogenized. You also become really good at talking with people. Sometimes all you do is talk. People are lonely."" - Saints and sinners: (Alternate Link) ""I had a stable of repeat customers," says the onetime gay hustler and Chicago native who used to place escort ads in newspapers when he attended the University of Minnesota. "I wedged them in around classes," he says."

Montreal, Canada: Study of 919 street youth, 71% male, 89% francophone (1997) - (Canadian Public Health Association) "Twenty one per cent of boys reported having engaged in prostitution and 10 of them were infected." - "Dynamique intrapsychique du sujet prostitué en regard d’un fonctionnement carencé: processus individuel et perspectives d’intervention". (Summary of a Master's thesis study on adolescent male prostitution, Université de Québec, 1993.) - Male Prostitution in Montreal: "On estime à plus de 230 le nombre de prostitués masculins qui travaillent sur la rue." - "A" pour actes, "M" pour mutuels: Le travail du sexe au masculin et le sida au Canada (PDF version of document available). - Prostitution masculine et risque d'infection au VIH. Persistance du risque après l'arrêt des comportements deprostitution: l’étude longitudinale OMEGA (2002, Translation). - Débroussailleur et démystificateur (2003, Translation): Dans son nouvel ouvrage, Michel Dorais éclaire le phénomène de la prostitution masculine. - Les Cowboys de la Nuit: Prostitution masculine (2003, Translation). - Entretien avec l'auteur de "Travailleurs du sexe": Michel Dorais (2003, Translation).

M is for MUTUAL, A is for ACTS: Male Sex Work and AIDS in Canada: - Études sur les jeunes de la rue et les jeunes hommes travailleurs du sexe au Canada. - Studies of Street Youth and Younger Male Sex Workers in Canada. - Clients des travailleurs du sexe hommes au Canada. - The Clients of Male Sex Workers in Canada. - Travail du sexe au masculin et identité sexuelle au Canada. - Male Sex Work and Sexual Identity in Canada. - Travailleurs du sexe hommes autochtones. - Aboriginal Male Sex Workers.

Reaching Out: Male and Female Sex Workers - Durban, 10 July 2000: "In the presentation from the US, Baney et al allowed that he and his research team were surprised that more people actually considered themselves sex workers, than he or his team had previously thought, and yet recruitment of commercial sex workers or body workers was always a challenge as they functioned in a world where distrust of others was as real an issue as the entrapment they faced. Some of the common counselling issues faced by these men in his sample were isolation, sexual compulsion, self-esteem and self worth, personal relationships and sexual objectification by themselves and their clients." - Sexwork Cyber Center: The Need For Sex Workers. Sex work Archives: http://archives.healthdev.net/sex-work.

The impact of transphobia on HIV risk behaviors among male-to-female transgenders in San Francisco (PDF Download): Focus Group (N = 48) & Cross-Sectional Sample (N = 332), most having had a commercial sex work history: 29% reported having attempted suicide, with another 15% having experienced suicidal ideation. - HIV risk behaviors among male-to-female transgender persons of color in San Francisco (2004, PDF). - Gendered sex work in the San Francisco tenderloin (1999).

Healthy Hustling. -  How "Healthy Hustling" was made. - Hook Online: A magazine for men in the sex work industry: Archive Article Search Available. - What It Cost by T.R.  I was a male prostitute from age 12 to 35. - How I got lost finding myself: The story of a young Amsterdam boytoy. - Body Work for Men. - Suited & Booted. - The Bill Gates of hustlers: PDF Download.

Male prostitution challenges feminists arguments (1999): "While it is in fact true that the majority of prostitutes in this country and the world are female, and that the majority of clients are men, a more serious consideration of male prostitution might greatly enrich the feminist debate precisely because it would serve to complicate the arguments of both sides. If prostitution is simply an expression of men's sexual dominance over women, then what is the social significance of male prostitution, of the availability of male bodies for sexual use on the market?" Live! Nude! Boys! How I spent a year preparing to be a hot-bodied stripper - then decided I didn't want to be an object of desire (1999). - Study: Male sex trade workers need support (2009, Calgary, Alberta).

Boyer, Debra Kay (1986). Male Prostitution: A Cultural Expression of Male Homosexuuality. PhD. Dissertation, University of Washington. PDF Download.  Download Page. [Related Paper: Boyer, Debra (1989). Male Prostitution and Homosexual Identity. IN Gay and Lesbian Youth, Gilbert Herdt, Ed.  New York, NY: Harrington Park Press & In: 1989 Journal of Homosexuality, 17(1/2): 151-184.] In this study I demonstrate how adolescent male prostitutes have linked the meaning of a personal homoerotic preference and subsequent homosocial identity with the social action of prostitution. In several major studies, a homosexual identity for male prostitutes was disclaimed. Prostitution was explained using socio-economic factors or perspectives of individual pathology. A recent study suggested that male prostitution has become "gayer," but does not describe the relationship of homosexuality to male prostitution in theoretical terms. Many of these studies are weakened by a Western perspective of homosexuality that is concerned with etiology and pathology. By contrast, I examined homosexuality as a symbolic construct whose expression is shaped by the dominant sex and gender system of American culture. The research approach taken was shaped by my view of homosexuality as one of a variety of permutations of social-sexual behavior to be found in various types of social organization and not the result of individual or social pathology.The research process included a combination of quantitative and qualitative procedures. The quantitative data permitted an analysis of conditions and constraints common to male prostitutes. These included: (1) sexual identity, (2) sexual exploitation, and (3) family rejection. I have argued that these factors bounded their perceptions and alternatives. Using an interactionist perspective, I developed an interpretive model to demonstrate the interplay of objective and subjective factors from which male prostitutes construct social definitions and subjective meanings linking homosexuality and prostitution. I have argued that adolescent gay males develop a self-understanding that includes prostitution as part of their homosexual world due to: (1) stigma associated with homosexuality, (2) approval of active male sexuality, (3) sex construed as a commodity, and (4) self-objectification resulting from experiences of sexual exploitation. I show how the male homosexual subculture provided adolescent gay males with a coherent social role and identity that included prostitution.In summary, I try to demonstrate how behavior classed as deviant is a socio-cultural phenomenon produced from cultural constructions of sex and gender. From this perspective one can begin to understand how prostitution makes sense to an adolescent gay male who is trying to understand what it means to be homosexual in American culture.

McIntyre S (2005). Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men. PDF Download. Executive Summary. Executive Summary.

Some Study results for 37 male youth prostitutes in Alberta (For More Information):

Young men in this study were gay, heterosexual and bisexual 54% of this population are of Aboriginal heritage [61%]* 51% had involvement with Child Welfare Services [55%] Over half of this population had grown up in care. 60% had a history of being thrown out of their homes [51%] 65% had not completed high school [65%] 95% had a history of running away [83%] 86% experienced staying in shelters [64%] 57-70% had a history prior to the street of being sexually violated 86% had been physically violated or abused while growing up 73% began the sex work under the age of 18 [73%] 49% began sex work by the age of 15 35% began sex work by the age of 13 Males enter the trade younger and stay longer than young women Drug use is extensive Almost everyone felt no one should do this type of work The fear of gay-bashing exists 54% identified periods of contemplation of self-harm [69%] began hustling because they needed a way to make quick cash [51%[ were introduced to the trade by a friend * Percentages in Square Brackets (e.g. [64%]) are from the larger McIntyre (2009) Study.

LATIN AMERICA / CARIBBEAN:

La prostitución masculina - 1993 - by Néstor Perlongher, Ediciones de la Urraca, Buenos Aires.  PDF Download.

Lila's House: Male Prostitution in Latin America - 1998 - by Jacobo Schifter "Twenty-five young men between the ages of 13 and 27 were interviewed for this study." (Google Books).  - In Spanish: La casa de Lila. Un estudio sobre la prostitucion masculina. (Book Review).

HIV among gay and other men who have sex with men in Latin America and the Caribbean: a hidden epidemic? (2002) "MSM in the region are culturally diverse, with mediation of social class, sex, and ethnicity. Around core gay subcultures, non-gay identified MSM interact with them and frequently exchange sex for goods."

En Barrancabermeja existe la prostitución masculina mucho más de lo que usted se imagina...

Abril LO et al. (2006). Prostitución masculina: manifestaciones, características y problemas asociados en las localidades de Mártires, Santafe y Teusaquillo de Bogotá D.C. Revista Tendencia & Retos, 11(Octubre): 57-259.

Abril LO, Murillo LJP, Hern

Prostitución masculina - Entrevista a Camilo Ernesto Morales Cruz (2008, Translation): Camilo Ernesto Morales Cruz es antropólogo y alumno de la Maestría de Estudios de Género de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. En esta entrevista presenta algunas reflexiones basadas en su trabajo sobre prostitución masculina en Chapinero, distrito central de la ciudad de Bogotá, centrándose en la relación de las categorías de sexualidad y género con la conformación del mercado sexual y en las percepciones de los propios sujetos acerca del oficio que realizan.. En la prostitución masculina participan menores de edad, tú tienes una crítica sobre la manera cómo estos jóvenes son presentados desde la protección social del Estado ¿puedes contarnos más sobre esa posición? El menor de edad en Colombia en general es considerado incapaz de decidir sobre su cuerpo y su sexualidad, por esto se cree que no hay autonomía en la decisión de dedicarse a este oficio. Existe la imagen de que son manipulados y obligados por terceros; estos terceros supuestamente son mayores de edad y, por traficar con menores de edad, delincuentes. En mi trabajo de campo ese consenso moral se vio relativizado: muchos menores de edad manifiestan haber tomado una decisión por sí mismos, relacionada con una búsqueda de autonomía para no depender de sus padres y ayudar a sus familias. Algunos de ellos, que estuvieron en programas gubernamentales de rehabilitación, se burlan de esos programas, de las prácticas sexuales que mantenían en los sitios a donde los llevaban y del trato de niños que les proporcionaban, muy lejos de su realidad. El inconveniente más grave de esta visión es que, en la vida cotidiana, se traduce en la persecución de los menores de edad por parte de las autoridades con el objetivo de entregarlos al bienestar social u otra entidad que se haga cargo de rehabilitarlos y buscar al adulto responsable de la situación del menor. Para ellos, el ejercicio de la prostitución resulta más riesgoso por esta situación. Si se les diera un estatus de sujetos autónomos y autodeterminados, se podría negociar con ellos maneras de dignificar su trabajo y garantías para su vida en las calles y en la relación con sus clientes. Ahora bien, esta discusión sobre la autonomía es compleja, porque está en juego la cuestión de los derechos de niños y niñas y es un debate muy complicado en relación con lo límites de la moral pública y la moral sexual con respecto a los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Tampoco quiero dar a entender que el oficio se da en condiciones favorables para ellos; precisamente la prostitución está asociada con situaciones de marginalidad del oficio y de los sujetos que la practican...

Una puesta sobre la
 prostitución masculina (2012,

Rojas SYV, Escamilla BA (2007). Aspectos territoriales de la prostitución masculina vinculada con el turismo sexual en Acapulco. Instituto de Geografía, UNAM. Full Text.

La prostitución masculina ya amenaza a la salud pública, dicen (2006, Translation): "La prostitución masculina en México se ha incrementado, pues así lo demanda el turismo extranjero y se presenta como resultado de la pobreza extrema, la carencia de fuentes de empleo, el conflicto de valores y la búsqueda de soluciones fáciles, señaló Gustavo Vega Shiota, especialista de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)." - Su Amor: El abanico es amplio: desde los callejeros que cobran “lo que me quieras dar”; pasando por los hipermasculinos, buscados por gays y alguna que otra mujer en las calles, por teléfono o internet, y cuyas tarifas pueden llegar a los 2 mil pesos; hasta los sexoservidores con imagen femenina, como las “vestidas” y los “maniquíes”, demandados por bisexuales y homosexuales de clóset a precios que rara vez bajan de 700 pesos. Incluso los güachos (soldados) tienen su propia zona de trabajo cerca del Campo Militar Número Uno. A pesar de la diversidad en la prostitución masculina, muy pocos son los que logran salir de la calle y convertirse en profesionales del sexo comercial a muy alto nivel. Y los problemas de todos son idénticos: intentos de violencia, extorsión y riesgos de contraer VIH-Sida

Prostitución masculina en el DF: Ellos también venden caro su amor (2002, 

Liguori AF, Aggleton P (1998). Aspectos del comercio sexual masculino en la ciudad de Mexico. Debate Fminista, 9(18): 152-185. Abstract & Download Page. Translation. Las fuerzas conservadoras que promueven diversas formas de represión, censura e intolerancia, y el discurso cultural dominante homófobo, que niega a las personas la libertad de expresar, explorar y desarrollar plenamente su sexualidad (o por lo de menos intentarlo), son como la Hidra de Lerna. Muestran sus horribles cabezas en todos los ámbitos de la vida social. Una de sus caras más beligerantes sin duda la guarda para el comercio sexual.

Azaola E  (2000). Boy and Girl Victims of Sexual Exploitation in Mexico.  UNICEF-DIF. PDF Download. "In general, it could be said that while boys who are being exploited predominate in the tourist zone (la Costera, la Condesa), girls prevail in the centre zone, as has happened for a long time back in the hotels and bars of the red light district.... Some of these boys are transvestites and for this reason, especially at night, they dress as women. Some of them also take hormones to transform their bodies... Another transvestite boy, aged 15, that we interviewed on the beach, said that he was born in Guadalajara and that he left home when he was 12 to go and live in the streets in Mexico City where he was in an institution for some time, but left because he wanted to go to Acapulco. He explained that one of the reasons why he decided to leave home and then the institution was because they made fun of him. Now he lives near the beach with a group of friends who prostitute themselves like him. He explained that he finds his clients during the day on the beach or at night in the streets where he dances a bit to attract attention... One 17 year old boy who lives in the streets explained why boys like himself prostitute themselves. He said: “I’m from Altamirano but I’ve been here for several years now. The first time I went to the main square (Zócalo) and joined the others. I left home because of family problems and because my mother preferred that man to me... I left home when I was 8 and I’ve only been back twice since then. I’ve met many people in the Zócalo who live in the streets..."

Villalva, Patrici (2012). Él y él: la convivencia y los sentimientos en la prostitución masculina en la ciudad de México [He and He: Cohabitation and Feelings Involving Male Prostitution in Mexico City]. Trayectorias, 14(33/34): 115-130. PDF Download. In a homophobic society like Mexico’s, speaking about male prostitution, involving people of the same sex, is inevitably associated with homosexuality. This is an arbitrary representation of the sexual diversity operating in this type of commercial sex. Within the dynamics of male prostitution in Mexico City, involving clandestine activity, ignored and stigmatized, they will eventually come to form homoerotic couples between client and prostitute, mutually agreeing to live together for short or long periods of time. The aim of this paper is to analyze how cohabitation via prostitution takes place, considering the function and significance of feelings in this way of experiencing male prostitution, highlighting the couple made up of the client assumed homosexual and the male prostitute known as the “mayate”.

Soriano KA, Arcos LA, Pavón RS (2010). Turismo sexual, prostitución varonil y vih-sida en Cancún. Teoría y Praxis, 7: 115-127. PDF Download. Translation. Este trabajo forma parte de la investigación Dimensión Territorial del Turismo Sexual en México, que se desarrolla en el Instituto de Geografía de la unam y que reúne académicos de diferentes disciplinas de 12 instituciones, entre ellas la Universidad de Quintana Roo, Unidad Académica Cozumel, cuya participación estuvo enfocada a revelar la dimensión territorial del turismo sexual en Cancún, a partir del análisis de la prostitución masculina. Los resultados surgen de las entrevistas a profundidad realizadas a 12 jóvenes de entre 17 y 29 años, que revelaron brindar un servicio sexual dirigido a varones turistas o residentes a cambio de un pago monetario y quienes se autodefinen como prostitutos. Se destaca el contagio de enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ets) –como el vih-sida– al que se exponen estos jóvenes que ofertan sus servicios desde lugares exclusivos –como los spa– hasta en anuncios periodísticos, internet, tarjetas personales o bien en las principales avenidas de la ciudad de Cancún. Finalmente, se rescatan elementos que permiten visualizar los diversos factores que intervienen en este problema de salud pública.

El servicio escort gay, mucho más que sexo y diversión (2007, Translation): "Ser escort gay profesional requiere mucho más que un rostro varonil o un cuerpo perfecto. Además de proporcionar masajes y sexo, los expertos en la materia son educados, finos y cultos. Descubre qué es el escorting. ¿Contratarías uno?"

Prostitución Masculina (2003, Translation): Así de sencillo, puedes contratar prostitutos, van desde clasificados en periódicos donde puedes encontrar mínimo 10 anuncios de hombres de entre 15 y 30 años que ofrecen sus servicios, veladamente como compañía, masajistas o strippers, pero esperando vender sexo; los que se anuncian en internet, los que se ubican en las calles, los sexoservidores con efigie de mujer, y hasta los llamados "güachos" que son soldados que se ubican cerca de zonas militares. Manejan diferentes tarifas, tan disparadas que van de los 300 a 2000 mil pesos, pero todos desafían el riesgo de contraer enfermedades de transmisión sexual, violencia, además de corrupción y extorsión, tanto de los llamados "padrotes" y de las autoridades. Jerry, stripper, aseguró que de las 20 llamadas que recibe a la semana sólo dos son mujeres, es decir el 10 % se trata de clientes femeninos, el 90% restante son hombres; y para no "quedarse sin comer" dice que le es preciso acceder a dar servicio a hombres por la falta de mujeres que se animen a contratarlo...  "Los hombres en este país que buscan los servicios sexuales de los 'gays' no aceptan ser bisexuales u homosexuales y se escudan diciendo que ellos solamente penetran a un gay", dice Freddy... Muchos de los hombres que se prostituyen poseen un empleo regular durante el día, ganan salarios arriba del mínimo e incluso son estudiantes de nivel básico o bachillerato que viven con sus padres, sin que éstos se enteren de lo que hacen sus hijos... Las calles donde se prostituyen también son escenarios de violencia. Ahí son amenazados o golpeados por clientes u otros que repudian lo que hacen. Los clientes en ocasiones no les pagan por sus servicios y en el peor de los casos los llevan a sitios apartados donde los dejan abandonados. Con frecuencia se dan riñas entre los mismos compañeros de oficio...  Otra cara del sexo comercial masculino lo ejercen hombres con una imagen pública de mujer: las llamadas vestidas, diferenciadas de los travestis, que trabajan en bares. Las vestidas  son independientes, trabajan el sexo en la calle o en las carreteras, y son las que más sufren la extorsión."

Nuevas masculinidades: (2005, Translation)  "La migración y la prostitución masculina indígena en el Distrito Federal, en los recientes años, han representado una nueva problemática con características peculiares que ha retado las tradicionales formas de ser de los hombres. ¿A qué situaciones vivénciales se exponen en un medio ajeno al suyo? En un trabajo de tesis, tanto de licenciatura como de maestría en Antropología de la UNAM, por Patricio Villalba en 1998 y 2002, y un programa de doctorado sobre el análisis del fenómeno migratorio de jóvenes indígenas, se señala el enfrentamiento de dos culturas, la dominante y la dominada. Su condición de inmigrantes sin redes de apoyo, aunado al hecho de ser indígenas, empieza a manifestarse en desventaja, por lo que en estos jóvenes emergen diversos mecanismos psicológicos de defensa para ocultar la identidad que los delata como tales. En la capital, su identidad étnica pierde significado, ya no son nahuas, otomíes, totonacos y chinantecos, entre otros, ahora se les identifica simplemente como albañiles, taqueros, vendedores ambulantes o limpiaparabrisas. Las desigualdades sociales, económicas y culturales se concentran en las grandes ciudades. Y al adentrarse en ellas las necesidades van en aumento, es cuando entran en escena toda suerte de oportunistas que los engañan, roban o vejan. Este estudio refleja que 30 jóvenes indígenas emigrantes de los estados de Chiapas, Guerrero, Estado de México, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla y Veracruz, con edades desde 15 a 23 años, un bajo nivel educativo, optaron por la prostitución como un medio para subsistir en su nuevo contexto socio-cultual..."

Brazil: - Prostituição masculina (Translation). - Prostituição Masculina (Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos em Sexualidade Humana , Translation). - Prostituição masculina (2010, Videos, Translation). - Paulistanos que ganham a vida vendendo o corpo (2011, Translation). -
A Psychosocial Study of Male-to-Female Transgendered and Male Hustler Sex Workers in São Paulo, Brazil (2011). - Psychosocial pathways to inconsistent condom use among male sex workers: personality, drug misuse and criminality (2011).

El Departamento de ITS, Sida y Hepatitis Virales celebra el Encuentro de Prevención con Trabajadores Sexuales Masculinos (2010, Translation): Por primera vez, trabajadores sexuales masculinos de todas las regiones brasileñas, ONG, gestores y activistas se reúnen con el Gobierno federal para discutir cuestiones de salud y prevención de enfermedades como el sida y las ITS. El Encuentro Nacional de Prevención entre los Trabajadores Sexuales Masculino (Entrasex), promovido por el Departamento de ITS, Sida y Hepatitis Virales, se celebra en Brasilia del 25 al 27 de agosto, en el hotel Lake Side, y en él participan 75 personas, 25 de ellos profesionales del sexo. - Prostituição masculina “floresce” no Porto (2012, Translation).  - Prostituição masculina oferece riscos para clientes e garotos de programa (2012, Translation). - Prostituição masculina é tema de pesquisa na Saúde Pública (2012, Translation).

Prostituição masculina muitos conceitos para várias práticas (2003, Translation). - Idéal physique féminin, gay et travesti au Brésil ou nouvel esthétisme du corps technologique?  (2001, Translation): "Dans la prostitution masculine, la jeunesse est un capital, mais dont la rentabilité s’érode vite. De fait, il semble que le culte de la jeunesse soit encore plus en vogue au Brésil qu’en Europe. Par contre pour aller travailler en Europe, le travesti doit être ‘produite’, c’est-à-dire être passer par le processus de chirurgie esthétique. Une ‘bombadeira’ avec vingt ans d’expériences de production de corps travestis me racontait que pour gagner de l’argent, le travesti se prostitue. Pour se prostituer le travesti a besoin d’un corps. Un corps produit. Pour attirer l’attention du client. Pour se sentir mieux avec soi-même. Ce n’est pas supportable de sortir dans la rue avec des seins faits de torchons. La honte, d’enlever ses vêtements et de perdre toutes ses plumes. Le travesti ne peut pas supporter cela. Alors, elle modifie son corps pour se sentir mieux et donner le meilleur au client. Avoir une prothèse mammaire, c’est le certificat leur permettant de gagner leur vie. Pour arriver à s’acheter une voiture, un appartement, c’est petites choses. Il faut faire appel à un chirurgien. Plus le corps est bien produit, le mieux il gagne sa vie (Mona, 2001)." - Introdução ao Tema da Prostituição Masculina (2000, Translation).

de Andrade LT, Teixeira AE (2004). A territorialidade da prostituição em Belo Horizonte. Caderno Metropole, 11: 137-157.  PDF Download. Translation. O artigo realiza um mapeamento da distribuição espacial da prostituição masculina e feminina em Belo Horizonte em três períodos. Durante o primeiro período, entre 1897, ano de fundação da cidade, até 1930, predomina a prostituição feminina nos cabarés situados em uma “região moral”. O segundo período compreende as décadas de 30 a 60, quando a prostituição feminina ainda predomina, mas entra em cena a figura do “homossexual valente”. Nesse período, a prostituição ocupa novas áreas da cidade, mas ainda se confina a regiões bem delimitadas. No terceiro período, que se inicia nos anos 70 e vai até os dias atuais, registra-se a emergência da prostituição masculina nos espaços públicos e semipúblicos da cidade e um espraiamento tanto da prostituição feminina quanto da masculina pela cidade, conquistando áreas consideradas nobres. Verifica- se ainda a emergência de novos tipos, como a travesti, o michê e as garotas de programas e uma significativa mudança nas relações entre os diversos atores envolvidos na prática da prostituição, marcadas agora por uma maior impessoalidade e profissionalização.

da Silva, Valdeci Gonçalves (2002). A representação social dos papéis sexuais ativo e passivo nas relações homoeróticas. na Revista Sanitas [Ativo e/ou Passivo, eis a Questão? ], 7(14). Full Text. Translation. Com base na dissertação de mestrado “Faca de dois gumes: percepções da bissexualidade masculina em João Pessoa-PB” (SILVA, 1999). Em cuja pesquisa de campo foram entrevistados sete bissexuais michês e sete bissexuais não-michês. O presente ensaio procura se aprofundar nas discusões sobre a construção dicotômica das representações dos papéis ativo/passivo na relação homoerótica, por meio de uma nova revisão bibliográfica que faz um percurso histórico da questão desde a Grécia Antiga até as suas implicações nos dias atuais.

Simões, Júlio Assis (2008). O negócio do desejo. Cadernos Pagu, 31: 535-546. PDF Download. Translation. “Quando vou transar com um cliente” – diz um garoto de programa entrevistado por Nestor Perlongher em O negócio do michê – “eu não sou eu; eu sou a fantasia do cliente”. O desejo fora da ordem se vê emaranhado, de saída, nas demandas da troca material e do imaginário que o provoca e regula. Práticas apaixonadamente transgressivas vêm de braço dado com os imperativos categóricos do comércio e da identidade. Arrebatamento e regra, acaso e cálculo, prazer e prescrição são reunidos de forma tensa e indissolúvel, não como pares de opostos bem comportados em suas casinhas, mas como vivências alternadas, simultâneas, embrulhadas umas nas outras. Na enunciação do rapaz se condensa o complexo de questões que a prostituição homossexual masculina abarca e projeta para além dela própria, e que formam a matéria desse notável trabalho, reeditado em boa hora. Trata-se de uma etnografia substancial e de um ensaio brilhante de interpretação teórica, que não apenas se destaca no importante acervo de estudos socioantropológicos de sexualidade feitos no Brasil, em sua época, como se mostra altamente proveitoso e relevante à luz dos debates atuais.

de Sousa Sampaio, Fabrício (2012). O “ponto” da sexualidade juvenil masculina: identidade, prostituição e desejo entre os frequentadores de uma esquina profana na Cidade de Sobral - CE. PDF Download. Translation. A cidade de Sobral – interior do Ceará – possui uma marcação católica, moralista e preconceituosa muito clara em relação às práticas sexuais e às formas de conjugabilidade que fogem aos padrões heterossexuais. Mesmo diante de manifestações de temor das famílias tradicionais, a cidade possui alguns prostíbulos, mascarados na arquitetura de bar, de aglomeração e azaração gay – consensualmente estigmatizados pelos adultos sobralenses, mas nem sempre pela juventude. Nos últimos cinco anos, na esquina de uma das mais movimentadas avenidas da cidade, alguns jovens gays passaram a ensaiar a prostituição. Antes disso somente existiam dois “pontos” de prostituição de rua, dos quais por força da organização urbana engendrada pelo poder público via discriminação imposta pelas famílias tradicionais, um deles foi desativado, ficando apenas um que se localiza atualmente na saída da cidade para a capital Fortaleza. Localização estratégica tanto com relação aos “trabalhadores”, visto que seriam pouco incomodados pela população sobralense quanto para os pretensos clientes, resguardando assim seu anonimato frente aos olhares julgadores da cultura. Assim esta prática ficaria invisível de certa maneira aos futuros homens e mulheres da cidade. Mas, por força da transgressão, o “ponto” da OAB2passa a se firmar na cidade e constituir, diferente do ponto da “BR”3, num território de experimentação da prostituição homossexual de jovens da classe popular e se torna reconhecido como tal. Com o passar dos anos, a frequência de jovens e adolescentes aumentam e a dinâmica de participação deste território particulariza-se. Relações de poder, demarcação espaço-temporal, exigência identitária e aprendizagens de códigos sociais passam a constituir elementos de convivência entre os frequentadores do “ponto”. Assim, os mais experientes exigem certos rituais de iniciação e atribuição de personagens identitários aceitáveis aos neófitos travestis ou michês, como também controlam a demarcação do território, principalmente frente a outros prostitutos ou travestis que almejam trabalhar naquele espaço.

dos Santos, Maria Lourdes (2011). Esmiuçando vidas de homens prostitutos em Fortaleza. Paper presented at the XV Congresso Brasileiro de Sociologia. PDF Download. Translation. Este ensaio faz parte de um trabalho mais amplo e tem por objetivo apresentar alguns resultados da pesquisa empírica, que está sendo realizada com os profissionais do sexo masculino1 em Fortaleza. O texto tem como foco principal os circuitos diuturnos do centro da cidade: as ruas por onde circulam os michês e seus clientes, as estratégias por eles utilizadas para a abordagem, a transação comercial dos desejos e prazeres, os riscos e perigos de trabalhar na rua, além do anseio de partilhar outras afetividades culminadas nas poucas relações de amizade e nas redes de sociabilidades construídas. Tem-se, também, a pretensão de revelar alguns passos da pesquisa (e da pesquisadora em campo) como uma experiência singular e inédita.

de Souza Neto, Epitácio Nunes (2010). Entre Boys E Frangos: Prostituição Homossexual Masculina em Recife. Master's Dissertation, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE. PDF Download. Translation.  Residindo no bairro da Boa Vista, tenho a muito observado os processos de transformações pelos quais a cidade do Recife vem passando. Como em toda metrópole, o centro da cidade apresenta uma variedade enorme quanto ao perfil social de seus habitantes. São trabalhadores, moradores e visitantes que se misturam a uma massa de personagens sociais bastante heterogêneos em estilo, classe social, estrutura familiar e cultura. Verdadeiras aldeias ou tribos que estabelecem seus habitates ao dividirem um mesmo espaço geográfico. Neste panorama as diferenças se fazem visíveis e as categorias se estabelecem agrupando, nomeandos e renomeandos os indivíduos. A sociedade passa a estabelece seus próprios meios pelos quais categoriza as pessoas e define os atributos comuns e “naturais” aos membros de cada uma dessas categorias. De um lado, mendigos, assaltantes, pedintes, ambulantes, crianças em situação de rua, bêbados, travestis, traficantes de drogas e garotos de programa, entre outros, passam a compor a categoria dos “desacreditados” sob o estigma da marginalização (GOFFMAN, 1988) e viver à margem de uma sociedade onde se encontram as “pessoas de bem”. Cada grupo possui atributos e características que definem as identidades sociais de seus protagonistas, onde visibilidade e invisibilidade se transformam em fatores de necessidade e sobrevivência. Neste contexto de invisibilidade atuam e convivem os membros de uma subcategoria específica, formada por homossexuais masculinos que se prostituem nas ruas, onde o negócio do michê (PERLONGHER, 1987) estabelece critérios para o exercício das práticas sexuais comerciais entre homens, tais como: valores monetários, tempo de permanência na atividade, práticas sexuais e identidades sociais.

Saldanha, Rafael Araújo (2007).  "A idéia é a fantasia, é ter quem vocệ quiser..." A Prostituição Masculina em SC. Master's Dissertation, History, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. PDF Download. Translation. Localizados junto aos Classificados, dos jornais em formato tabloide, encontramos os mais diferentes anuncios onde homens e mulheres oferecem-se para servicos sexuais. Essa fonte escrita nos faz criar as mais diferentes concepcoes acerca das pessoas envolvidas com a atividade da prostituicao. Contudo, nao esclarece sobre suas praticas, seus anseios, suas crencas, etc. O presente artigo pretende trazer mais informacoes sobre a prostituicao em Santa Catarina, especificamente a do genero masculino. Contamos, assim, com uma revisao bibliografica sobre prostituicao e uma entrevista com urn ex-garoto de programa de Florianopolis, alem de discutirmos os usos da historia oral para sujeitos de fronteira, onde as referencias identificaveis devem ser postas de lado para que a oralidade traduza uma realidade desconhecida por muitos.

de Oliveira Lima, Wagner (2007). Ô de casa, ô da rua: território e derivas na prostituição masculina de rua em joão pessoa. PDF Download. Translation.  O recorte feito neste artigo envolve diretamente a pesquisa qualitativa voltada para oito michês e um agenciador que atuam nas áreas do Centro, a principal região homoerótica (Da Silva, 2005) da cidade. A intervenção dos michês nestes espaços é o da passagem e da mobilidade. A mobilidade que nos referimos está ancorada na conceituação proposta por Balandier (1997) como uma característica da modernidade atual em que prevalece o movimento, o que é fluído. Espaço pertencente a um tempo em que “(...) a única certeza é a do movimento, onde toda a ordem parece se dissolver na sucessão de mudanças, onde o real parece se seduzir em transformações ou simulações múltiplas a escapar de qualquer tentativa de exploração”. É sob esta perspectiva que os michês se jogam à deriva nas calçadas e logradouros em busca de clientes que transitam pelo Centro.

dos Santos, Manoel Antônio  (2011). Prostituição masculina e vulnerabilidade às dsts/aids. Texto & Contexto Enfermagem, 210(1): 76-84. PDF Download. Translation. This exploratory, descriptive study was carried out to identify the reasons that lead young men to enter the market of male prostitution, the representations they elaborate regarding sexual practices they adopt, and their perceptions of their own vulnerability to STD/AIDS. Data was collected through individual thematic semi-structured interviews involving 24 Brazilian male adolescents and young adults. The empirical data was then submitted to thematic analysis and examined according to the theoretical references of the area. Participants reported to having been involved in this activity for a short time and pointed out economic advantages as their main motivation for such involvement. All alleged the use of condoms in sexual practices which involved penetration, but they did not take similar precautions with oral sex. Their concern in playing the active role in sexual intercourse was associated with an attempt to match the stereotype of masculinity which emphasizes power/force/control, making the perception of their own vulnerability more difficult to see. The social invisibility which characterizes commercial sex makes these young people more vulnerable to STD/AIDS infection.

Barreto LC, da Silveira CD, Grossi MP (2012). Notas etnográficas sobre prostituição masculina em Florianópolis: entre o trabalho, o afeto e a sexualidade. Revista de Ciências Humanas, 46(2): 511-534. Download Page. Translation. Objetivamos compreender como se articulam trabalho, afeto e sexualidade na vida de homens que se prostituem na região central de Florianópolis/SC, utilizando métodos como observação, conversas informais, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e registro em diários de campo. Observamos que existem limites simbólicos entre as categorias,mas esses são reconstruídos e ressignificado sem função da relação estabelecida com clientes, parceiros, parentes e com a prostituição. O trabalho pode ser ocultado de familiares, mas usufruem dos seus rendimentose estão presentes nos espaços, nas entrevistas ou em tatuagens. Relações com clientes podem ser carinhosas, afetuosas e prazerosas enquanto as com parceiros se tornarem mais mecânicas e performáticas. O aprendizado de técnicas no trabalho agrega prazer às relações com parceiros e o carinho pelo cliente pode assegurar a satisfação da clientela. Noções tradicionais sobre relacionamentos afetivos e sexuais são simultaneamente reiteradas, como na dicotomia afetividade/passividade, e questionadas, como em concepções reinventadas sobre a traição.

Um olhar sobre a prostituição masculina - 2008 - by Andrea Martins Vicentini (Translation) (Review): O presente livro teve início com a pesquisa para o trabalho de conclusão do Curso de Direito orientado pela advogada, psicóloga e hoje coordenadora de TGI do Curso de Direito do Mackenzie, Doutora Lia Pierson, ele é fruto de um primeiro impulso de uma pesquisa acadêmica, que afinal transformou-se num repertório emocionado de depoimentos colhidos ao longo dos anos, e um emocionante livro sobre o polêmico tema da prostituição masculina.  .

Travesti: Sex, Gender, and Culture among Brazilian Transgendered Prostitutes - 1998 - by Don Kulick (Abstract). - Anthropologist to Speak About Male Prostitutes Crossing Gender Lines in Brazil (1996). - Male transvestite sex workers and HIV in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1997). - Ronaldo in transvestite scandal (2008): Brazilian football star Ronaldo has been caught up in a sex scandal with three cross-dressing prostitutes. - Ronaldo absolved in transvestite prostitute flap (2008): Cross-dressing prostitutes lied when they accused AC Milan striker Ronaldo of using drugs and having sex with them during a motel encounter last week, police said Tuesday. The prostitutes told police they lied because Ronaldo did not want to pay them after finding out they were men, police inspector Carlos Augusto Nogueira said.

The meeting of the michês - by Paulo Longo (1994, Alternate Link): In Brazil machismo rules and male prostitutes rarely dare admit they are gay. But the michês – or hustlers – of Rio are starting to come out of the shadows... Our experience has shown that poverty cannot be used as the only justification for prostitution. In our day-to-day work at Programa ‘Pegação’ – a slang word meaning ‘seducing’ or ‘catching someone for sex’ – most of the boys approach us first as potential clients. As time goes by, and the relationship gains more intimacy, we hear things like ‘With you I would have sex for free, ’cause I like you a lot’... Little by little, male prostitution is coming out of the shadows. This may not improve the way that it is viewed by others, but it does reflect an internal change. Until now, in the few academic papers, in the press and even in social debates, male sex work is not even up there with female sex work as ‘the oldest profession’... Michês working on the streets in Rio are generally very young, between 11 and 23 years old. (Profile of Paul Longo) (Alternate Link) - Michê: la masculinité au marche ou les aléas de la "prostitution virile" au Brésil (1995, Translation).

Human immunodeficiency virus incidence and risk behavior in the 'Projeto Rio': results of the first 5 years of the Rio de Janeiro open cohort of homosexual and bisexual men, 1994-98 (2002): "HIV incidence rate (IR).. differences were observed in four categories: (1) non-commercial sex workers and non-transvestites who had protected sex prior to study entry (IR 1.6 per 100 men-years); (2) non-commercial sex workers and non-transvestites who had unprotected sex prior to study entry (IR 2.7 per 100 men-years); (3) commercial sex workers (IR 3.5 per 100 men-years); and (4) transvestite groups (IR 16.8 per 100 men-years)."

"The ghetto is over, darling": emerging gay communities and gender and sexual politics in contemporary Brazil (1999): "The objective of this article is to map out some of the key tensions and power dynamics involved in the apparent consolidation of gay communities/culture in Brazil and to explore what might be gained and lost and for whom in these recent transformations of Brazilian male homosexualities. The data was obtained from ethnographic fieldwork among a group of transvestite sex workers based out of GAPA..."

Argentina: - A profile of clients of male sex workers in Cordoba, Argentina (2004). - Male sex workers in Cordoba, Argentina: sociodemographic characteristics and sex work experiences (2003, PDF Download. Full Text): "Male sex workers in Córdoba, Argentina: sociodemographic characteristics and sex work experiences (Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 13-3, 2003): "In terms of their self-identity, out of the 30 MSWs who answered the question, 10 of them (33.3%) self-identified as heterosexual and 9 (30%) as bisexual... The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 37 years old. The mean age was 25.1 years. The single largest group of MSWs were between 18 and 21 years old. Those working as street sex workers were significantly younger (mean age of 21.7 years) than those working as independent MSWs (mean age of 29.3 years) (F1,29 = 20.82; P < 0.001)... When describing their sexual identity, the most frequent answer from the MSWs was "heterosexual (straight)," closely followed by "gay".

La Excreción Rectal De Hiv: Su Relación Con La Carg A Viral Plasmática Y Otrasets (2011, Translation): Este estudio realizado en Argentina, en las ciudades de La Plata, Córdoba, Mendoza, Rosario, Santiago del Estero y Viedma entre octubre 2006 y diciembre 2009 incluyó una población de trabajadores sexuales masculinos que incluía travestis, transexuales y transgéneros (trans) y hombres que tiene sexo con hombres (HSH). En él se estudió la prevalencia e incidencia estimada de HIV, HBV, HCV y sífilis mediante estudios serológicos, y de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis y HPV mediante hisopado anal por técnica de PCR. Se incluyeron 383 personas con predominio de travestis (> 70%). Se observó una prevalencia de HIV de 34,1% (incidencia estimada de 10,7 personas/año - IC 95% 3.8-17.7); HBV de 40,2% (5,8% HBsAg +); HCV 4,5% y sífilis 50,4%.

Vujosevich J, et al. (2004). Trabajadores sexuales Masculinos. Biblioteca Virtual del Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales. Word Download. Translation. Metodología: El proyecto se desarrolla en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, realizando observaciones dirigidas, entrevistas abiertas a informantes claves y entrevistas en profundidad a trabajadores del sexo. Hasta la fecha las observaciones y entrevistas sólo se han realizado a travestis que ejercen la prostitución en la calle. Se han efectuado treinta entrevistas en los barrios de Palermo, Saavedra, Núñez y Constitución... Origen: La mayoría de las entrevistadas provienen del interior, de las provincias norteñas del país. Vinieron de sus provincias hace apenas un par de años corridas por un ámbito social hostil que les negaba un espacio donde llevar a la práctica libremente su condición de travesti. A la represión policial como el principal desencadenante de su migración a Bs. As, las leyes duras que no sólo penalizan el ejercicio de la prostitución sino que además impiden que circulen libremente estando travestidos, se suma la exacerbación de los prejuicios sociales característica de los pueblos pequeños.

Ecuador: - PROSTITUCIÓN MASCULINA (PDF Download).

Bolivia: - Prostíbulos: Gays cobran fuerza en Santa Cruz (2004, Translation):  El mercado del placer también es homosexual; se publicita en la prensa y hasta en Internet. Las ofertas son de jóvenes entre 18 y 25 años. El costo del servicio varía de Bs 100 a $us 50 la hora. Un anuncio en un diario llevó a Gonzalo hasta el lugar. Fue comisionado por El Nuevo Día para descubrir qué tipo de hombres eran los que ofrecían servicios sexuales a otros hombres, incluso por Internet... Este tipo de prostíbulos que funcionan como bares en la ciudad evidencian que la prostitución masculina ha cobrado fuerza, a pesar de la intolerancia de la sociedad ante el homosexualismo... En el boliche, José insiste en venderle a Gonzalo sus muchachos. Éste le indica que sólo fue a conocer el lugar para volver en otra oportunidad con más tiempo, obviamente finge estar interesado. El hombre le cuenta las mejoras que ha realizado en la casa: el living del fondo tiene aire acondicionado y sólo es para clientes vip. El muy zalamero lo invita a ir hasta allí: siente el cambio, el calor que no alivian los ventiladores se disipa de repente con el frío. Entonces nuestro curioso se anima a que le presente a los chicos, que tras unas palmadas aparecen al instante con sus torsos desnudos. Desfilan frente a él y mueven sus caderas sensualmente. José dice sus nombres, los que usan para este trabajo. A simple vista hay de diferentes edades, algunos aparentan ser adolescentes."

Chile: - Seroprevalence of AIDS in Chilean male and female prostitutes. II.Male prostitution (1989). - Una mirada al desconocido mundo de la prostitución masculina en Santiago oriente (Translation). - Los peligros que envuelven a la prostitución masculina (2006, Translation): Una de las tesis con que trabaja la policía es que Hans Pozo ejercía el comercio sexual. Esta posibilidad hace reflotar el drama en que se desenvuelven los hombres que se dedican a esta labor, marcada por la enorme desprotección. Una de las líneas de investigación de la policía en torno al asesinato de Hans Pozo Vergara apunta al mundo del comercio sexual masculino. El joven se habría prostituido para poder satisfacer su adicción a la pasta base. El jefe regional de la Brigada de Homicidios, Rubén Molina, prefirió no referirse al tema. Diego tiene 27 años y hace cinco se convirtió en trabajador sexual. Sabe que lo que hace es peligroso, pero está dispuesto a seguir haciéndolo. "Igual uno se arriesga cuando va con el tipo, no se sabe con qué te vas a encontrar. No sabes si el tipo te va a sacar una cortapluma entre medio del auto después, de repente ni te pagan. A mí me han pegado dos veces no más, pero yo he visto otras cosas: pegan con palos y puntazos", manifestó el joven.

Comercio sexual masculino (Translation): Aveces se venden hasta por un plato de comida, mientras el neoliberalismo imperturbable los va empujando a la marginalidad. Es la pobreza, la cesantía, la falta de posibilidades, la incapacidad de realizar sueños vacíos que le ofrece la sociedad de consumo. Son muy jóvenes, algunos en el comienzo de la pubertad. Han descubierto el precio de su cuerpo, lo negocian, han aprendido que se paga bien. Es el comercio sexual masculino que empieza a hacerse visible. Es una “pega” como cualquier otra. El Mums (Movimiento Unificado de Minorías Sexuales) efectuó el Primer Seminario sobre Comercio Sexual Masculino en la Región Metropolitana y Políticas Públicas en Vih/Sida. La organización ha desarrollado investigaciones del comportamiento sexual de las minorías discriminadas, área en la cual contó con apoyo de la Comisión Nacional del Sida (Conasida). Los trabajadores sexuales masculinos, trabajan en la calle o en privados, pueden ser independientes, con departamento o desempeñarse en saunas u otros lugares. Los jóvenes callejeros viven mayor precariedad y son más vulnerables desde el punto de vista social. Cuentan con menos recursos en términos de apoyo y en su mayoría tienen una gran carencia económica. También hay claras diferencias entre los jóvenes callejeros de día y de noche. Tienen que ver con estilos de trabajo, características, edades incluso. Los diurnos son de menor edad, más precarios en términos sociales. Son los que menos cobran, pueden irse con alguien por dos o tres mil pesos. Deambulan principalmente en el sector céntrico, tienen menos experiencia a diferencia de los de la noche, que tienen mayor manejo del entorno en que se mueven. Mayoritariamente son jóvenes entre 18 y 22 años, de sectores populares de comunas como Quilicura, Peñalolén, Conchalí, San Bernardo. “La mayoría tiene enseñanza media completa o están terminándola, proceden de familias nucleares, viven con ellas y el comercio sexual lo ejercen clandestinamente”, explica Iván Salinas, sociólogo del Mums. Pero también hay una minoría que está en la enseñanza superior. Estos jóvenes se cuidan más. La mayoría trabaja por cuenta propia y administra su negocio, generalmente en departamentos que arriendan en Providencia o Las Condes. Un hecho ha llamado la atención de los investigadores: “Hemos encontrado que empieza a notarse en el mundo popular, una cierta legitimación del comercio sexual. Lo aceptan como válido para ganarse la vida, y sobrevivir”, señalan.

Peru: - ¡La Oferta de Chaperos/Fletes (Putos) va en Crecida! (2007, Translation): "Muchos de estos "trabajadores sexuales" buscan hacer creer que ellos, viven al margen del "mundo" homosexual en sentido estricto, aunque en su contrapartese convierten en sus parásitos y a veces en sus verdugos, ya que en algunas ocasiones hemos oído noticias de ataques de estos contra sus ocasionales clientes sobre todo cuando el contacto es mas continuo. En Lima es muy habitual verlos en zonas como el Centro histórico o en el distrito "open" de Miraflores. Algunos dicen ser "hombres que se prostituyen para los gays" y aunque son homosexuales, la mayoría no se considera a si mismo como tales, en tanto que habitualmente sienten también una forma de atracción hacia el sexo femenino. - Prostitución gay en Lima. Negocio redondo en corazón de Miraflores (2007, Translation): "El departamento está a nombre de Luz Gayoso de 24 años y la línea telefónica a nombre de Francisco Velit de 23. La policía investiga su participación en este negocio. Por lo pronto, la Municipalidad de Miraflores ya aplicó su propia sanción." - Municipalidad de Lima continúa persecución contra homosexuales (2006, Translation): "El serenazgo de la Municipalidad de Lima intervino a más de 50 jóvenes que, según el noticiario “90 segundos” (Frecuencia Latina), ejercían la prostitución homosexual en la Plaza San Martín..." - La prostitución masculina va en aumento en Lima (2012, Translation). - Prostitución masculina tras las rejas del penal de Lurigancho (2012, Translation). - El negocio de la prostitución gay se camufla en las calles de Lima (2013, Video, Translation): Los antros de la prostitución homosexual clandestina se han convertido en un sórdido negocio que se camufla en Lima bajo la fachada de discotecas, saunas, cabinas de videos y demás locales que no dudan en permitir el ingreso de menores de edad.

Nureña CR, Zúñiga M, Zunt J, Mejía C, Montano S, Sánchez JL (2011). Diversity of commercial sex among men and male-born trans people in three Peruvian cities. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 13(10): 1207-1221. PDF Download. In Peru, commercial sex involving men and male-born travestis, transgenders and transsexuals (CSMT) is usually represented as a dangerous practice carried out on the streets by people experiencing economic hardship and social exclusion. However, in reality little is known about the complexities of this practice in Peru. This paper presents findings from an ethnographic study of the characteristics, patterns and sociocultural aspects of CSMT in three Peruvian cities. The study included participant observation in sex work venues and interviews with 42 sex workers and 25 key informants. We found that CSMT in Peru takes many forms (some not previously described in the country) and is practised in different places by people from various socioeconomic levels. In many cases, the practice appears linked to ideals of social mobility, migratory experiences and other economic activities. In addition, the increasing use of the Internet and mobile phones has changed patterns of sex work in Peru. We review the implications of these findings for future research and public health interventions.

Uraguay: - Sexual transmission of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections among male transvestite comercial sex workers in Montevideo, Uruguay (2003, PDF Download). - Los trabajadores sexuales masculinos son los más afectados (2008?, Translation): "Uruguay tiene una epidemia concentrada", sentenció la directora del Programa de Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS), socióloga María Luz Osimani. "Permanece prácticamente estable con cifras bajas a nivel de población general. En el 2004 teníamos un 0,45% de prevalencia en VIH. Hoy estamos en un 0,42 %", agregó. La directora indicó en el marco del Día Mundial de la Lucha contra el VIH/Sida, que las poblaciones más afectadas por esta enfermedad son los trabajadores sexuales masculinos (Trans y Taxi boys) con un 19,3%, hombres que tienen sexo con hombres con un 9% y las personas privadas de libertad con un 5,5% (datos del año 2007).

Ciudadanía Salud: Acercándonos al conocimiento de dos poblaciones en condiciones de mayor vulnerabilidad para el VIH en Uruguay (PDF Download): Estudio Serológico y Comportamental de Trabajadores Sexuales Masculinos y Trans (9-142)  & Estudio serológico y comportamental de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSHs) (143-220).

Trabajadores sexuales y travestis: 37% tiene Sida (2011, Translation):  Tras haber sido rechazado dos veces, Uruguay cambió la estrategia para acceder al Fondo Mundial de combate al SIDA, y finalmente lo logró: los US$ 9,5 millones se concentrarán sobre todo en los transexuales que son trabajadores sexuales. Entre 2008 y 2009, una camioneta del Programa ITS/SIDA, del Ministerio de Salud Pública, recorrió lugares de trabajo (esquinas) y puntos de encuentro (cines, whiskerías, casas de masajes) de homosexuales y trans que se dedican al intercambio sexual. El equipo lo integraban un médico infectólogo, una enfermera, el representante de una organización social y encuestadores. El objetivo era medir cuántas de estas personas estaban infectadas con VIH y graficar su ubicación en la capital. Ese trabajo permitió saber, entre otras cosas, que la prevalencia de SIDA en esa población asciende a 37%, mientras que en la población general es apenas 0,42%. Otros grupos con alta infección son los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (9%) y los privados de libertad (5,5%).

Paraguay: - Caracterizing the male sexual worker without gay identity and his vulnerability factors related to HIV (2008, Alternate Link):  Most of the social and epidemiological is oriented toward gay and transgender population. Male sex workers with no gay identity have not been, as of today, a case of study in Paraguay... The MSWs do not assume any kind of identity other than the traditional one, In other words the masculine stereotype, nor they assume that sexual service is a job. They do not think of themselves as different from the general heterosexual groups and therefore they find it relative their high risk to HIV... Due to the fact that MSW do not identify themselves to any social group (gay) or epidemiologic (MSM) they remain overlooked before the prevention strategies. This lack of perception of belonging to a specific community makes it difficult to execute actions of empowerment, weakening their representation and advocacy in public policies-making process intended to take in account their needs. Therefore, promoting new research about this group, will result in the generation of more efficient prevention strategies.

Costa Rica: - Costa Rica desarrolla estrategias para llegar a los trabajadores sexuales masculinos (2012, Translation). - Costa Rica desarrollará estrategias para llegar a los trabajadores sexuales masculinos (2012, Translation): La Ministra de Salud de Costa Rica Dra. Daisy Corrales se reunió con el Director Ejecutivo de ONUSIDA Michel Sidibé en la sede de ONUSIDA en Ginebra. La Dra. Corrales ha destacado el enfoque de su Ministerio en el desarrollo de estrategias educativas para la prevención del VIH dirigidas a trabajadores sexuales masculinos. "Tenemos que desarrollar nuestras estrategias para llegar a los trabajadores sexuales masculinos con información sobre el VIH y educación que sea relevante para sus necesidades y de acuerdo con sus horarios de trabajo en particular", dijo la Dra. Corrales. La prevalencia de VIH en Costa Rica entre los adultos de 15 a 49 años de edad es del 0,3%. La enfermedad se concentra en poblaciones clave como la población indígena migrante, hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), las trabajadoras sexuales y sus clientes. Un estudio realizado en 2010 reveló que la prevalencia del VIH entre los HSH era del 10,9% y de 13.7% en Sífilis en la misma población.

El Salvador: - Testosterona de alquiler (2005, Translation): Muchos de ellos son jóvenes ex universitarios, víctimas del rechazo familiar debido a su identidad homosexual; son marginados sociales y, en algunos casos, han sufrido abusos en su infancia. Sobreviven, en las calles de San Salvador, ejerciendo el oficio más antiguo del mundo. Uno de estos “trabajadores sexuales masculinos” narró a Vértice su historia, cargada de adicción a las drogas, sexo a granel, sida, violencia, meditación y esperanza.

Honduras: - Situación de la prostitución homosexual y transgénero en Tegucigalpa (2012, Translation): Crónica del Diario La Tribuna de Honduras, que realiza un panorama sobre la situación por la que atraviesan gays y travestis que se prostituyen en la zona roja de la capital hondureña.

Venezuela: - Crisis social: la pobreza obliga a niños y jóvenes a vender su cuerpo para poder subsistir: Se multiplica casos de prostitución infantil en Venezuela. Se estima que existen entre 40.000 y 50.000 casos en el país... (Translation) "Prostitución masculina también aumenta: La crisis económica que atraviesa el país también ha provocado que se incrementen, en los últimos años, los casos de prostitución masculina en la ciudad capital. En un estudio realizado por la Prefectura de Caracas, en la Parroquia Santa Teresa -zona donde se ha recibido la mayor cantidad de denuncias por los casos de prostitución- se detectó que por cada 40 mujeres que se dedican a esta actividad existen 30 hombres." - La prostitución gay crece en Caracas (2008, Translation): El año pasado un censo registró a 52 hombres en el circuito de Parque Cristal y la avenida Solano que ofrecen servicios sexuales. También son víctimas de la violencial. La mayoría es menor de 25 años y algunos son adolescentes. Algunos clientes, muchos de ellos "padres de familia" piden servicios exóticos como el meterse en una urna vestidos de novia. El Mundo hace una crónica del tema: "A un compañero mío lo mataron. Se lo llevaron y no apareció más", confiesa Javier, quien se reconoce como "prostituto". Javier comercia con su cuerpo hace cinco años en la avenida Francisco Solano, en Caracas. Luis era su compañero, tenía 25 años. Trabajaban juntos en la misma zona y fue asesinado hace un mes. "Apareció con dos tiros en la cabeza", recuerda Javier. La última vez que lo vio fue cuando lo recogió un cliente en una camioneta, con dos hombres a bordo. Tres semanas después encontraron el cadáver.

El Salvadoe: - Hombres al mejor postor (2001, Translation): "Hombres de entre 15 a 30 años se anuncian en los diarios como masajistas o como bailarines o se sitúan en calles de la capital vendiendo sexo al mejor postor. ¿Qué hay tras ese comercio sexual? ¿Lo hacen por necesidad o por placer? ¿Hasta dónde llegan por dinero? ... “Jóvenes universitarios ofrecen compañía”, decía el clasificado de un periódico. Eso y un número de teléfono celular era todo lo que teníamos para comenzar un reportaje sobre prostitución masculina en San Salvador... FUNDASIDA realizó entre mayo y noviembre del 2000 un diagnóstico a 153 hombres entre los 16 y 30 años para evaluar los riesgos y las prácticas sexuales a los que están expuestos. Este determinó que el 60.2% de ese total es homosexual; el 26.2%, bisexual; el 2.0%, heterosexual; 19.8% es transexual y un 0.7% transgéneros... Haber sufrido abusos sexuales siendo niños puede ser un factor de riesgo que provoque la prostitución masculina, señala la doctora Margarita Mendoza Burgos, siquiatra infanto juvenil y terapeuta de familia... Precisamente el consumismo, la migración de salvadoreños al exterior, el acceso fácil a la pornografía, la internet y los mensajes abiertos sobre sexo en los medios de comunicación son también factores determinantes para que el comercio sexual haya aumentado en los últimos años en el país. “Los muchachos están recibiendo mensajes consumistas. El país mismo ha entrado en un proceso de liberalización sexual y la información sobre sexo está más a la mano que nunca”, dice la profesional."

Dominican Republic: -Final Report for the AIDSCAP Program in the Dominican Republic October 1993 to April 1997 (1998): "ASA found that many self-identified sub-groups existed within the larger MWM population. This included bisexuals, transsexuals, transvestites, and homosexuals. Some of the sub-groups also involved in commercial sex work deemed necessary the development of specific STI/HIV/AIDS  strategies for these sub-groups. - Proceso de expansión de la comunidad homosexual en la sociedad dominicana en los últimos 30 años. - Stigma, social inequality, and HIV risk disclosure among Dominican male sex workers (Translation). - Prostitución masculina gana terreno en Santo Domingo (2011, Translation).

Homosexuales Que Ejercen la Prostitucion en la Avenida San Vicente de Paul (2009, YouTube, Translation): República Dominicana, este reportaje homosexuales que tienen como modo de supervivencia la prostitucion hacen revelaciones importantes a las camaras. del periodico digital.

Los travestis están llenos de temor ante asesinatos de ocho compañeros (2009, YouTube, Translation): SANTO DOMINGO, República Dominicana.- Expresiones como la de este transexual eran comunes en el Cementerio Cristo Redentor durante el sepelio de Kelly, como se daba a conocer entre sus compañeros travestis el joven Alejandro Correa Pichardo, asesinado la noche del miércoles 25 de noviembre en la avenida Ortega y Gasset... El transexual Rafael del Orbe, conocido en la agrupación Transa como Thalía Armendares ha participado en protestas pacíficas destinadas a hacer valer lo que entiende son los derechos de los homosexuales, travestis, lesbianas y transexuales de la República Dominicana, dice que su mayor preocupación ha sido la impunidad en que se quedan los asesinatos de sus compañeros.

Martinique et Guadeloupe - L'honneur des makoumès (1999, Translation): "Alors que l’homosexualité reste largement interdite dans les Caraïbes, en Martinique et en Guadeloupe, les mentalités commencent à changer... Depuis trois ans, toujours à proximité du centre-ville, des prostitués masculins travaillent aux abords du palais de justice. Fait relativement nouveau, en rapport avec la baisse généralisée du pouvoir d’achat en Martinique. Les pédés de l’île préfèrent fermer les yeux sur un phénomène qu’ils ne voudraient pas voir associé à l’homosexualité."

Jamaica - Teenage boys and the sex trade - A tragedy in waiting? (2002) "Within Kingston and St. Andrew's fancy houses and hotels, and outside along those daytime busy streets, twilight hides a sombre reality: scores of boys below the age of 19 years, frolicking with men two or three times their age in exchange for money...  He, however, explained that this activity mainly takes place in the Kingston and Montego Bay area, but should not be seen as sex workers in the strict sense. According to him, sex workers are persons whose main occupation is transactional sex.But regardless of whether they are sex workers or not, health workers believe the activities of the boys can cause serious long-term health problems, apart from STIs... "Many are afraid to stop it - some say they are born this way and some are being programmed. We try to counsel them, but it all boils down to money," Nurse Holly Alvaranga of the Glen Vincent Clinic said." - A night with male prostitutes. - A glimpse inside the lifestyle of a male prostitute. - Jamaican Newspaper Warns of Surge in Male Prostitutes.

Puerto Rico: - Sexual identity formation and AIDS prevention: an exploratory study of non-gay-identified Puerto Rican MSM from working class neighborhoods (2006).

Haiti: - Reaching Out To Bring Young Haitians In: FHI Helps Two Organizations Work With Youth In High – Risk Settings (2004, PDF Download): "With support from USAID and FHI, Dr. Boulos is overseeing a second behavioral surveillance survey of Haiti (the first was conducted in 2000) to assess the behaviors that put Haitians at risk for HIV. He explains, “Poverty is so extensive in Haiti that girls go into prostitution just to bring money home.” He noted that male prostitution – where, typically, poor, illiterate men sell sex to educated, middle class men–is also common..."

Cuba: - Prostitution and Sex Tourism in Cuba. Cuba in Transition, 11: 356-71. (PDF Download): "Male prostitution is also present in Havana. In Cuba, unlike in other Caribbean islands such as Jamaica,14 gay men dominate male prostitution. Hustlers and other gay men congregate nightly at the corner of the Cine Yara, in Vedado... Gay prostitution is similar to heterosexual prostitution. Hustlers cater mainly to European men, especially Italians. They charge between $30-$50. They see prostitution as a good way to make money, and generally do not prostitute themselves out of desperation or to support a drug or alcohol addiction... Transvestites are common within the gay community. Some transvestites simply dress in women’s clothes at night. Others are transsexuals, who have had operations to change their gender..." - Chamaco, un duro film sobre prostitución masculina, llega a los cines cubanos (2012, Translation). - Cuba Gay Film ‘Chamaco’ Opens (2012): The independent film Chamaco, directed by Juan Carlos Cremata, made it onto Cuban cinema screens on Monday — two years after the completion of its filming — to address the issues of male prostitution, homosexuality and police corruption in Cuba. - Filme sobre prostitución masculina en Cuba llega a la gran pantalla (2012, Translation): Destacó que la cinta, “ambientada en la nocturnidad de La Habana (…) se adentra en el universo gay underground, prostitución masculina y corrupción, consecuencias de la homofobia y crisis económica”. “Con la película estoy defendiendo no solo la lucha contra la homofobia, sino que se puede hacer cine fuera del ICAIC (Instituto Cubano de Cine) y que este puede acogerlo”, dijo Cremata, al precisar que la demora en su estreno “nada tuvo que ver con el tema tratado”, sino con problemas de producción. Asimismo, consideró “importante” que exista un “cine gay hecho en Cuba”, porque “en la medida que las cosas se hablen y se discutan, existen”. - Propuesta para un futuro acercamiento al estudio de la prostitución masculina en Cuba (2005, Translation)

Prostitución masculina: lo que se sabe ¿no se pregunta? (2013, Translation): Desde principios del siglo XXI el comercio de cuerpos jóvenes masculinos ha sido más visible y floreciente en Cuba que el jineterismo femenino. - Aumenta la prostitución masculina en Cuba (2013, Translation). - En Miami documental sobre la prostitución homosexual en Cuba (2009, Translation):  La Diosa, un travesti de 23 años, confiesa ante las cámaras que no se siente prostituido, sino que simplemente ha "luchado para sobrevivir'' en una realidad de carencias permanentes. El testimonio de La Diosa y otros tres personajes inmersos en el mundo de la prostitución homosexual en La Habana de hoy conforman el documental Luchando (2007), de la realizadora y profesora estadounidense Noelle Stout, que se presenta este miércoles como parte de la programación del Festival de Cine Gay y Lésbico de Miami y Fort Lauderdale.

La prostitución masculina en Cuba (2012, Translation): Por estos días de temporada alta turística, muchos visitantes foráneos ven a La Habana como la ciudad poblada por machos amables, en la cual se dan el gusto de darle vacaciones a la conciencia y satisfacer sus mas profundos deseos reprimidos. Una ciudad donde se pueden negociar, a precios módicos, las mas bizarras de las fantasías... A través de esta peligrosa actividad, varones jóvenes, de entre 13 y 25 años en muchos casos, acceden al glamour y a "una vida mejor", negociando sus cuerpos. Entre la fauna de esta ciudad los visitantes pueden encontrar de todo, desde muchachos que se resisten a vestirse de novias, vaqueros de la noche, machos "sin plumas", seductores de billeteras que intentan salvar a su familia del precipicio, hasta otros que negocian su sexualidad utilizando las ventajas del color de su piel. Pues en esta economía de placeres y estereotipos, el sujeto negro y mestizo es objeto de alta oferta y demanda.

Prostitución masculina en Cuba, una historia real (2013,

Notes (in French) on male prostitution in Cuba for tourists - by voyager.com (2005, Translation). "La prostitution masculine connaît aussi une augmentation notable au pays. Ce n'est pas une prostitution masculine habituelle, mais plutôt une façon subtile qu'ont certains hommes de soutirer tout ce qu'ils peuvent de leurs conquêtes féminines venues de l'étranger." - Premian documental sobre prostitución masculina en Cuba (2004, Translation): "También el documental de hoy enfoca otra cuestión sobre la que apenas se habla: la prostitución masculina. Aunque se sitúa en el contexto y la realidad de Cuba, donde las situaciones política y social son especiales, 'El pulóver', trata aspectos que superan ese ámbito geográfico, entre ellos y principalmente el riesgo de contagio de Sida. En el debate que se abrirá al final estará presente el responsable del programa de reducción de daños con trabajadores masculinos del sexo que lleva a cabo Fundación Triangulo."

European Network Male Prostitution. -  First Meeting: 11 - 12 December, 1997, Amsterdam. - Reports of European Network Male Prostitution (2001 to 2003). - Lottery money for rent boy AIDS Project. - From the European Intervention Projects AIDS Prevention for Prostitutes: - Male prostitution in Europe Training guide for health and social workers who deal with (foreign) male prostitutes. [Reference: Male prostitution in Europe; Training guide for health and social workers who deal with (foreign) male prostitutes. Available in English, French, German and Polish Editors: Georg Bröring & Tracey Pierpoint, April 1998 ] - Part II: Regional Survey of Sex Work Characteristics and Policy Change. - Hustling for HEALTH: Developing services for sex workers in Europe. - Male Prostitution in Europe. (From Full Text Article Listing, Prostitution in Finland). - ENMP: European Network Male prostitution N/A (Information supplied by country. Related Information). - Les homosexuels croates demandent la légalisation de la prostitution (2004, Translation). -  Rent-Boys, Barflies, and Kept Men: Men Involved in Sex with Men for Compensation in Prague (2007). - Le développement de la prostitution masculine en ligne : des « escorts boys » aux « gigolos » (2011, Translation).

Male prostitution within Europe: how to raise awareness for a non-issue? (2002). -  Male prostitution in Europe: Training guide for health and social workers who deal with (foreign) male prostitutes (1998). - HIV- and STD- prevention for male prostitutes and male street-kids-how to reach the unreachables - "kiss" - a place for the homeless N/A. - La prostitution masculine africaine en Europe (2005, Translation): "Afrik.com : Y a-t-il un profil type du prostitué africain ? Amély-James Koh Bela : Les plus jeunes ont entre 16 et 20 ans, et sont vieillis sur les papiers lorsqu’ils n’ont pas l’âge légal en France. Mais il existe tous les âges chez les prostitués. J’ai même vu des papas de 55 ans. Souvent, ils sont pères de familles, mais en général, la famille ne sait pas qu’ils se prostituent..."

Chapter 4 - Put Yourself In My Place: The Gay Appropriation of Kylie “Unlikely” Minogue. Boys, Boys, Boys: Kylie Goes Cruising (2000): "Boy bands are the worst offenders; boys who are reared by their industry father figures and coerced into the sordid world of pop prostitution, where gay men are regarded as regular and valued clients and who tip well if their voyeuristic pleasures are pandered to. However whilst gay men are not adverse to ‘pop pederasty’, a satisfactory service does not suffice to be crowned with gay regality... Gay men embrace those who represent embodied conflicts similar to their own and whose oppression explodes into a torrent of sensuality that is sublimated through their sound."

Eriksson N, Hallin S, Wikstrom T, Editors (RFSL, 2003). Hidden Stories: Male prostitution in Sweden & Northern Europe: Conference documentation. Stockholm: Swedish Federation for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Rights. PDF Download. This documentation is mainly based on a transcript of the oral presentations given by the speakers and gently edited for readability. In some cases the manuscripts from the speakers have been used. The questions and remarks from the audience is also included to give the reader an impression of the debate the conference generated.

Monheim, Myriam (2006). Destins de la prostitution masculine maghrébine. Agenda Interculturel CBAI, n° 239-240 – Janv./Fév.: 32-36. PDF Download. Translation. Download Page. Translation. A la lecture d’une pratique d’aide sociale spécifique, cet article interroge le destin individuel de l’homosexualité masculine, entre mort sociale, hétérosexualité imposée ou simulée, et prostitution... Nous ne procéderons pas à une analyse exhaustive de la sexualité dans la culture maghrébine : sujet bien trop complexe et bien trop vaste pour être traité ici (1). Il s’agira plutôt de mettre en lumière une lecture culturelle du vécu et de la conception de l’orientation sexuelle afin de percevoir toutes les souffrances individuelles. Notons que la société culturelle et religieuse maghrébine n’a pas l’exclusivité de principes moraux et de conduites homophobes (2). Les homosexuel(le)s occidentaux peuvent aussi être aux prises avec une souffrance, une détresse et une solitude très importantes.

La prostitution en Europe, une activité en constante mutation (2006, Translation): "L'autre transformation de la prostitution à laquelle l'Europe doit faire face est la croissance importante de la prostitution masculine, qui peut atteindre près d'un tiers de la prostitution totale selon les pays concernés. Or, les législations ont souvent été établies en ne considérant que les femmes. C'est le cas de l'Angleterre et le Pays de Galles, ou de la Grèce. Les lois doivent donc s'adapter à cette nouvelle réalité. Mais la prostitution masculine reste difficile à appréhender dans la mesure où peu d'études lui sont consacrées. Lorsque le thème est abordé, il l'est le plus souvent du point de vue de la toxicomanie, alors que la réalité de la prostitution masculine est beaucoup plus complexe. Le phénomène concerne à la fois des homosexuels, des transsexuels, des travestis ou des hétérosexuels (agences d'escorts), la clientèle étant très largement masculine. Si le phénomène reste difficile à analyser, c'est aussi parce que les situations vécues par les hommes sont plus diverses que celles des femmes. Ils sont beaucoup moins victimes de violences, à l'exception des travestis et des transsexuels, recherchés par des hommes hétérosexuels pour leur féminité affichée."

England: - Prostitution Services : An Exploratory Empirical Analysis (1998):  "This study provides an empirical analysis of the market for some male prostitution services in the UK."  - The Lifeline Sex Work Survey Report N/A (152 pages) provides background and findings of a national sex worker survey undertaken in 1998. The survey contacted male and female sex workers working in various aspects of the industry both on and off street. - Male Sex Workers in Brighton, Hove & Lewes: an Evaluation of Sexual Health Knowledge & Needs (1997). - The Face (1990): "You played me Piccadilly Palare... "'Palare' is gypsy slang that was adopted by the theatre and in the Seventies I heard it being used by male prostitutes (laughs). They have their own code words for sizing people up and talking among themselves. The song is about male prostitution in Piccadilly. It became a very big thing during the Seventies. Were you ever aware of documentaries like Johnny Go Home? In the North, among most people I know, there was something oddly romantic about the whole thing. It spelt 'freedom'. Catching a coach and spending a day in Piccadilly was extraordinary. It's very glitzy now because Soho's been cleaned up, but then it was quite... powerful."You write a lot about the homosexual experience..."  - The song 'Piccadilly Palare' is about male prostitution.  - Setting up a support service for male prostitutes in London (1990). - West, D.J., Boys and Sexual Abuse: An English Opinion, in: Archives of Sexual Behavior, 12/1998 (Full Text)

England: - Men for Hire (2005): It is estimated up to 80,000 men and women are involved in prostitution in the UK. Some male prostitutes work for female clients but most are paid for having sex with other men. For the most part, male prostitution takes place indoors, not on the street and much of the business results from advertising on the internet.  More than one third of the men selling sex in Britain are from overseas. Dean grew up in Greece and like many gay men, he came to London to explore his sexuality..." - Abandoned, vulnerable and exploited: Britain's rent boys (2001): It is a hidden world - but the numbers of boys being forced into prostitution is an untold scandal. - Former MI5 spy - I was a rent boy (2006).

I was a male escort (2007): There is an urban myth that only drug dealers and escorts need two mobile phones, and I can tell you it's truer than you might think. As an escort, you learn to love and loathe that second phone in equal measure: the desire for it to ring because you want the money, followed by the inevitability of what it means once it does. The last-minute cancelling and lying to friends and family was something I never reconciled myself to. I'm not what people expect: I've got a masters degree, a comfortable and loving family background, and a real job - broadly speaking, I work in the creative industry, in an area rich in job satisfaction if not remuneration. No excuse, but that was how I justified my night-time adventures to myself. It was through my job that I first came into contact with an escort. I was intrigued - it seemed so easy and financially rewarding. He worked for an agency that served some of the richest men in London. Within a month, I was on the books. I'd kept secret the fact I wasn't comfortable with my sexuality. One would assume accepting that you are gay would be a prerequisite for such a career, but I convinced myself otherwise. Denial - I'm quite good at that...

Hudson P, Rivers I (2002). Men and boys selling sex in the Bradford district. York St John College. Social Inclusion & Diversity: Research into Practice, Paper No. 1: 37, Oct 2002. PDF Download. Download Page. Abstract Excerpt:  Project C: Men Selling Sex Seven men who sell or have sold sex in the Bradford area were interviewed by the first author using a structured interview schedule (see Appendix 3). Responses suggested that:  Sex with young men under the age of 16 is sought by men in the Bradford area.  Men who sell sex on the streets have less control over the types of sex for which payment is offered than those who are house/flat/hotel-based.  Men who sell sex on the streets face much more violence than those who sell sex from a house/flat/hotel.  Selling sex on the streets often follows a chance encounter with an exploitative older man during teenage years.  Selling sex from a house/flat tends to be a deliberate decision by older men. Recommendations  Provision of a local support service responding to the needs of men and boys who are involved in selling sex.  Commission further research exploring the issues highlighted in the report.

Wilcox A, Christmann K (2008). Getting paid for sex is my kick: a qualitative study of male sex workers. In: Sex as Crime? Willan Publishing, London, UK, pp. 118-136. PDF Download. Download Page. It is important to acknowledge that the small size of this exploratory study of MSWs means that generalisations to the (unknown size of the) wider population of MSWs cannot reliably be made. Secondly, due to the way in which participants were recruited (through advertisements for escorts/massages) all of those interviewed were ‘indoor’ sex workers. Our research, cannot therefore, shed any light on the experiences of ‘outdoor’ sex workers (commonly known as ‘rent boys’), which other studies suggest is likely to be very different (e.g. Connell and Hart, 2003). However, we believe that our sample is broadly representative of the indoor male sex industry in the region. Unlike Judith Connell and Graham Hart’s (2003) study of MSWs in Edinburgh, for example, our sample included those who worked mainly with couples and females as well as those who worked only with males, and also included a transvestite sex worker... This exploratory study of MSWs has shed new light on this largely hidden population. The experiences and motivations of the men in our study contrasted sharply with those both of female sex workers and ‘rent boys’. The indoor sex market represented by our respondents is relatively stable, self-contained and unproblematic. MSWs were unconcerned about their involvement in sex work, did not experience violence (with one exception) and practised safe sex. The decision to participate in sex work was seen by all to be freely made, and motivations for involvement were not primarily financial. For most, sex work was seen as a career like any other, but with the advantages of flexibility of working practices and variety. Whilst some could imagine situations (for example meeting the right person) in which they would wish to leave the profession, most expected to remain in the profession for some years to come...

Ashford, Chris (2009). Male Sex Work and the Internet Effect: Time to Re-evaluate the Criminal Law? The Journal of Criminal Law, 73: 258–280. PDF Download. PDF Download. Download Page. The criminal law relating to sex work was last modified in the Sexual Offences Act 2003. Three years later in January 2006 the UK government published a ‘prostitution strategy’ that set out four core aims: challenge the view that street prostitution is inevitable and here to stay; achieve an overall reduction in street prostitution; improve the safety and quality of life of communities affected by prostitution, including those directly involved in street sex markets, and finally, to reduce all forms of commercial sexual exploitation. This framework prima facie failed to take into account both the issue of male sex work and also the Internet effect upon sex work. This article seeks to examine the intersection of techno- logy and male for male sex work and reviews both the criminal law and UK policy framework in that context.

Liberal Democrat embroiled in male prostitution scandal (2006). - Mark Oaten resigns over rent boy claim (2006). - Lib Dems left reeling by Oaten rent boy scandal (2006). - A rent boy's story (2006): "Mark Oaten isn't the first married man to visit a male prostitute. But what's it like from the other side? Rent boy Erin Smith tells his story, while therapist Phillip Hodson explains what drives successful men to sexual self-destruction... Erin Smith, 24, is one of an estimated 10,000 gay escorts plying their trade in London. Erin, who is slim, has dyed blond hair and is around 5ft 10in, works at the top end of the market, and a night in his company costs between £450 and £600 with or without sex. His recent client list includes "a plastic surgeon, a film director, a member of the House of Lords and at least two well-known journalists".

Our Work: SW5 is an organisation working with men and transgender people who sell sex: "The world of male and transgender sex work has changed enormously in the last five years or more. With things like the advent of mobile phones and the internet, changes in the laws around the age of consent for men having sex with men and pornography, the sex industry has developed rapidly. There seems to be less visibility of sex being sold and exchanged on the streets in London and more through mobile phone contact via cafes, bars, adverts in the press and also through the internet. Less and less clients also seem to identify as street homeless. They choose instead to stay in a variety of other environments they considered safer, such as with punters or on floors and sofas at friends homes or staying up all night in saunas and clubs. There was a move away from being street homeless to becoming the hidden homeless. Male and transgender prostitution also seems to have less taboo surrounding it than it had in the past. A lot more individuals are making the choice to enter the sex industry rather than simply having to as a means of survival, or having been coerced. This is also coupled with a growing demand and support for the recognition of and rights of sex workers." -  Working Men Project. Working Men Project N/A: A free, friendly and confidential specialist sexual health service for men who sell sex or work in the commercial male sex industry... Since 1994 the Working Men Project has been the only service that offers tests daily for men who work in the sex industry in London. It is part of the largest Sexual health clinic in Europe, the Jefferiss Wing. The Working Men Project aims to provide a quality service for sexual health promotion and HIV prevention. It is open to any man who sells sex or works within the commercial male sex and adult entertainment industries. The project offers expert help in all aspects of sexual health, including screening and treatment for sexually transmitted conditions and advice about HIV. The project is for working men of any sexual orientation, age, ethnicity or spiritual belief.

Bernado's Young Men Project.: A past project.  - Survivors UK: Understanding male childhood sexual abuse and rape.  Safe in the City: Safe In The City Supporting young male sex workers. Safe in the City has been supporting young male sex workers in Liverpool since 1997. - London Lads. - Considerations for Potential Sex Workers - "From the age of thirteen when I read a magazine article and realized men and boys could also work as prostitutes I wanted to be a Hustler."  Legalities, Health Issues, Safety, and Financial aspects presented N/A. - Advice for male youth contemplating sex work, including value of work: "If you are very cute and young you can ask for what you want! from £80 -200 ($100 - 300 ) a session. But you need to be top grade for that." - 11 year olds selling gay sex as rent boys. 

A national conference took place on male youth prostitution (1999): "At London's Piccadilly, around fifty male prostitutes gather each night to sell sex. Many of the men are homeless. Some are drug dependent. Some speak very poor English. A substantial number are under eighteen years old. A few are as young as fourteen. "There is no set pattern of how young guys get into renting," says Tim Franks of the Gay Aids Initiative Project (GAI), which runs a drop in centre for young men selling sex in Nottingham... Unlike the street corner prostitution of women, young male renting stays mostly underground, out of the public eye. It is a hidden problem that few are willing to tackle. Until now... Some lads make a substantial amount of money from selling sex, so attempting to persuade them to 'exit', or leave the prostitution scene, is not always successful... A first step must be to repeal Section 28, which currently stops local authorities from providing safe spaces for gay teenagers. (Reference: The Dangerous Game, The Pink Paper, 12 Nov 99 by Gideon Burrows) - Once a Brethren Boy, An Autobiography by Noel Virtue (Autobiography). (AlternateLink) "When their son's burgeoning homosexuality became apparent, they responded by having the fifteen-year-old committed to Kingseat Hospital to be 'cured' by electric shock treatment. In this compelling autobiography, Noel Virtue relives these painful years. He describes his escape to Australia, then to London, where he was free to frequent all-night gay clubs and transvestite parties, and even indulge in male prostitution." (About the author)

Scotland: - UK Prostitution Documentary Information from ScotGay Magazine. - Deadly way to make a living N/A: "Concerns are growing over the increasing number of male prostitutes taking to the streets of Glasgow." - The punkest band in rock N/A: ""And the second punkest band in rock," says Frenzal Rhomb lead singer Jay. Massive! is sitting in a cafe (70 Please in my Kitchen in Newtown, Sydney) with Rhomb members Jay, Lex and Lindsay (Nat had to piss off), shortly they head for the US where they are touring with Less Than Jake and Blink 182. We tried to talk to them about their new album, their past and life on the road. Um, this is what we got... Jay: I was born in Glasgow in 1972. I was an orphan until I was about 15 until I met Lex and he sort of fathered me. He was my male role model for quite a while. Lex: I told him how to grow dreads. Jay: Lex was a male prostitute until I met him. Once he got the father figure role happening he gave that away." - Some items in bibliography: Barrett et al (1997) Child prostitution in Britain: dilemmas and practical responses. The Children's Society, London; Bloor M, McKegney N and Bamard M (1990) 'An Ethnographic study of HIV - related Risk Practices among Glasgow Rent-boys and their clients: report of a pilot study. MRC Medical Sociology Unit, Glasgow University; Davies, P and Feldman R (1997) Prostitute men now, in Rethinking Prostitution: Purchasing Sex in the 1990's edited by Graham Scambler and Annette Scambler: Routledge, London and New York; Foster C (1991) Male youth prostitution; perspectives, policy and practice. Social Work Monographs, Norwich (no 100).  - Mapping Indoor Male Prostitution in Glasgow (PDF Download N/A). - Men trafficked into Scotland as sex slaves (2010).

Connell J, Hart G (2003). An Overview of Male Sex Work in Edinburgh and Glasgow: The Male Sex Worker Perspective. PDF Download. The study is presented here as a working report, intended to inform our understandings of the practicalities of male sex work, its health consequences and to help us consider means of addressing the issues it raises. In doing so we have unashamedly adopted the perspective of the male sex workers themselves, as their voices are so rarely heard when public discussion of these issues takes place. The aim of this study is to investigate, through detailed qualitative research, the health and personal safety of men who work as male prostitutes in Edinburgh and Glasgow, Scotland. This report presents the views and experiences of male sex workers themselves.

The Open Road Project: a service within the NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde area for men of any age who perform sexual acts in exchange for some form of payment. The project is currently based in the LGBT Centre in Bell Street, Glasgow.

FifeMen: Sex Worker: Sex workers workshops by Blonde Pete (PDF Download). - Stigma & Discrimination presentation (PDF Download). - New FifeMen Site.  - Scottish Prostitutes Education Project:  Promoting health and dignity in prostitution.

Ireland: - Country Report of Ireland  compiled for EUROPAP (European Intervention Projects AIDS Prevention for Prostitutes. The Project is part of  the 'Europe Against AIDS Programme'). - "The number of men working in the sex industry in Ireland is difficult to estimate. Many drift in and out of prostitution for longer or shorter periods. Though many male prostitutes identify themselves as gay, the majority identify themselves as bisexual or heterosexual." - The Dirty Boys of Dublin: (Warning: Some Nude Pictures.) - "But 'Dirty' also means sex. Why run away from it?  As survivors of rape, incest, child prostitution (coppers, priests, counselors - the lot of you!) we have neither innocence nor illusions... In time we hope to expand  this site to include all kinds of information and data helpful and necessary to the survival of our brothers still on the street as well as providing a forum for sharing experiences and useful contacts."  - Information related to The Dirty Boys of Dublin. - Problem of prostitution now recognised. - Short summary of articles related to male prostitution.(Alternate Link) - Male Prostitution N/A by ENMP N/A. (See: "Manual: Tips, tricks and models of good practice for service providers considering, planning or implementing services for male sex workers" (2002) - a 5 Meg Download: PDF Download.). Mc Gabe, Ian (2005). Male street prostitution in Dublin and San Francisco: A psychocultural analysis. PsyD Thesis, California Institute of Integral Studies. Word Abstract. Word Full Text.

The Irish Network Male Prostitution (INMP) launched a very important report in June. ‘Such A Taboo ’ – an analysis of service need and service provision for males in prostitution in the Eastern Region of the Republic of Ireland. (Related Information in PDF Download of a 2001 Swiss Newsletter at http://www.malesexwork.ch/. See also PDF Download. - Prostitution and health (2002): "It may be the final taboo. Ireland continues to turn its back on the existence of male prostitution, a potent combination of homosexuality, vice, abuse and shame. It is estimated that as many as 600 young men, some under the age of consent, are working at least part-time as prostitutes, rent boys, or 'escorts' in Ireland today..." - Rent: The Untold Story of Male Prostitution in Dublin (1999). - Male street prostitution in Dublin: a psychological analysis (2011).

Such a Taboo N /A. "In 1997 the Gay Men’s Health Project carried out the first piece of Irish research that is specific to males in prostitution...: Such a Taboo: An analysis of service needs and service provisionsfor male in prostitution in the eastern region (PDF Download N/A). "In the research carried out by the Gay Men’s Health Project, 27 respondents were asked why they had got involved in paid sex work. Answers varied: for one man, who had started at the age of 13 it was the “idea that someone wanted you, the money came after”. For another respondent it was about “being approved of”. For many it was “for the money” or “the only way on the streets” (1997:17)... None of the respondents shared a common terminology when referring to males in prostitution. Choice of terminology depended on the age of the male and the reasons for involvement in prostitution. The following are a list of the most commonly uses terms for males in prostitution: male prostitutes, sex worker, rent boy, doing rent, working, showing, on the game and a barker...As will be outlined in Chapter Five, there is a huge need for training and education in the area of male prostitution. Very little is known about males in prostitution by society in general or by the service providers who come into contact with them. This can partly be attributed to the lack of research in the area, but it is largely due to the clandestine nature of male prostitution... In the experience of service providers, the stigma surrounding male prostitution has meant that those involved feel they cannot open up to the service providers or to their own peer group... If male prostitution in general is clandestine then underage prostitution is even more so. The primary reason is the stigma within the peer group, which has meant that underage boys are even less likely to disclose than their overage counterparts. “ ... it is looked down on in the peer group so there is a risk of being ostracised by the rest of the group if they find out.

Notes on Irish Male Prostitution ("Male prostitution study shows link with drugs...," Irish Times, 30 July 1997). - Male prostitution study shows link with drugs: "Four (15 per cent) of the boys surveyed were introduced to prostitution when aged 13, but most were in the 14 to19 age bracket." - Secret gay lives of Irish married men: (2000) "Married men who have tried to hide their homosexuality make up the majority of the clientele of Dublin's male prostitutes, estimated to number as many as 600. Kathryn Holmquist meets the author of a new study of this invisible subculture... Rent: the Secret World of Male Prostitution in Dublin by Evanna Kearins, is published by Marino today." - Ireland: Facts on Prostitution: "The market for younger "rent boys" is the greatest and offers higher financial rewards (Outreach worker, David Sleator, "Drug abuse leads to sex and violence in Phoenix Park," Irish Times, 12 April 1997)." - Stigma of male prostitution hampers health aid (2001): The stigma surrounding male prostitution and the nature of Irish laws governing this area, have only served to push the practice further underground, according to a new report. The stigma has also discouraged agencies to develop specific services in the field, it adds. 'Such a taboo' is an analysis of service needs and provision for males in prostitution in the Eastern region. Commissioned by the Irish Network Male Prostitution (INMP), the report is supported by the Gay Men's Health project, which was established in 1992 to tackle the needs of gay and bisexual men..

The Secret World of Male Prostitution in Dublin - 1999 - by Evanna Kearins. (Evanna Kearins, MA in Journalism 1999) - Commentary: "There is anecdotal evidence that suggests that a number of TGs are sex workers in one of the categories, whether for financial reasons or otherwise. The Gay Mens Health project carried out surveys in 1996 and 1999 into gay sex workers and the results of a similar investigation was published as a degree thesis in 1999 for Dublin City University by Evanna Kearins entitled The Secret World of Male Prostitution in Dublin. These surveys, to which an extremely tiny number responded, concluded that sex workers were divided into two groups on educational and class lines, "on-street sex workers" who appeared to come from the uneducated lower classes and "off-street sex workers ie masseurs, escorts etc" who appeared to belong to a higher social class and were more educated."

France: -  Qui sont les "escort boys"? (2011, Translation): Ils sont étudiants ou même salariés, vendent leur corps par besoin d'argent, mais pas seulement. Enquête sur un commerce du sexe qui, loin du trottoir et des lieux gays, prospère grâce à Internet... Chez ces garçons blasés qu'on croirait tout droit sortis d'un roman de Bret Easton Ellis, certains ont moins choisi que d'autres. Martin, par exemple, mis à la porte de chez lui à 16 ans par des parents qui n'admettaient pas ses préférences homosexuelles. "Je devais payer un loyer de 300 euros tous les mois, à peine ce que me rapportait n'importe quel petit boulot, raconte-t-il. Dans le milieu gay, on me disait que j'étais mignon, que je pourrais gagner jusqu'à 500 euros par jour. Entre ça et la galère, ma décision a été vite prise." Pour ce garçon à la chevelure ébouriffée et au visage cerné, vendre ses faveurs est devenu une routine. "Je refuse rarement les clients, sauf quand ils sont trop gros", avoue-t-il, en souriant. A 19 ans, Martin se rêve maintenant en Bel-Ami plutôt qu'en Boule de suif: "Grâce à cet argent, j'ai pu reprendre mes études de lettres. Je finirai sans doute par faire autre chose. J'aimerais devenir journaliste, même si cela devait me rapporter beaucoup moins." Et pour cause: les "bons mois", ses revenus peuvent grimper jusqu'à 5 000 euros, net bien sûr. - Sans Domicile Fixe: Errances Homos (2007, Translation): Rupture familiale après un coming-out, il n’en faut pas plus pour que de jeunes homos se retrouvent à la rue. Là commence la galère, les nuits sans dormir, la prostitution occasionnelle pour certains. Homos et SDF, une association méconnue mais pourtant bien réelle. Témoignages en France et en Belgique.

Doubles vies: Enquête sur la prostitution masculine homosexuelle - 2010 -  de Hervé Latapie (Amazon) (Translation). - Prostitution masculine, ce qu'en disent les clients (2010, Translation): Hervé Latapie, patron du Tango, le dancing « boîte à frissons » du Marais parisien, partage dans son ouvrage « Doubles vies » son analyse et ses observations sur le monde de la prostitution masculine homosexuelle, et notamment des témoignages de clients, les grands absents des débats sur la prostitution. Interview.

Country Report of France (2000). Information given about male prostitution in Paris with reference to HIV prevention efforts. - Phénomène prostitution: Quelles approches? (1999, Translation). - Prostitution et travail sexuel : le client (2001, Translation): "Annoncer comme le propose Alain Lipietz que «Certes plus de 30% des personnes prostituées en France sont des hommes, mais, comme le remarque Daniel Welzer-Lang, "ces hommes sont utilisés comme des femmes". - Le Mouvement du Nid est une association de soutien aux personnes prostituées. Nous agissons également au niveau de la prévention auprès des personnes en danger de prostitution: Témoignage d'Alexandre, prostitué de 26 ans à Paris (2001, Translation). - Panorama de la Prostitution Actuelle (2000, Translation): "La prostitution masculine est en forte augmentation, elle atteint même 30 % à Paris et dans les grandes agglomérations." - Destins de l'homosexualité masculine maghrébine: entre unions 'imposées', prostitution et mort sociale? (2002, Translation).

Prostitution et identité sexuelle : la prévention face à la personne (2002, Translation): "Le public que nous accueillons est majoritairement composé de jeunes hommes adultes (principalement entre 18 et 25 ans) mais nous rencontrons sur ce site également de jeunes mineurs. Notons que depuis maintenant un an, une cinquantaine de roumains âgés de 11 à 17 ans sont arrivés simultanément et se prostituent sur ce site... La prostitution masculine bien sûr a de multiples liens avec la question de l'identité sexuelle: Souvent ceux d'entre eux qui ont revendiqué leur identité homosexuelle ont connu le rejet, d'autres se sont exilés de peur d'avoir à la révéler. Ces jeunes sont emprisonnés dans un double silence : le leur et celui de leur entourage qui souhaite ignorer ou taire ce malaise. Ils ne voient comme horizon que la fuite pour exister. Bien sûr cette situation a souvent des conséquences désastreuses sur l'estime de soi et donc potentiellement sur la prévention. Parmi les jeunes rencontrés, beaucoup se déclarent bisexuels (peut-être parfois pour estomper la culpabilité qu'ils éprouvent), ou encore hétérosexuels déclarant ne fréquenter les hommes que pour l'argent qu'ils leur procurent."

Prostitution Racolages sur les boulevards (2002, Translation): Aux abords de la gare du Nord, de jeunes hommes sont assis, bouteille de vin à la main. Le regard hagard, ils échangent quelques paroles. Contrairement à ce que l’on pourrait croire, ce ne sont pas des SDF. Le petit regard en coin qu’ils jettent à chaque voiture qui passe devant eux les trahit. Ils sont très jeunes, parfois adolescents. Ils viennent de l’Est, de Roumanie pour la plupart, pour se prostituer. La prostitution masculine est en progression (presque un tiers des prostitués sont des hommes) et, sur les trottoirs parisiens, ils sont plusieurs centaines, transsexuels, travestis ou pas..." - La consommation de drogues dans le milieu de la prostitution masculine (2004): L'étude a été réalisée en 2002, à Marseille et à Paris, auprès de 128 garçons et 124 transgenres à partir d'un certain nombre d'entretiens approfondis et surtout de questionnaires portant sur les caractéristiques sociodémographiques..." (Download Page (Translation): PDF Download). - La prostitution masculine s'est transformée (2004, Translation).
 

Italy: - Signorile In Italy: Murder Among The Ruins By Michelangelo Signorile : - (1998, Part 1) "He came to Rome with a job lined up working for the city, but it fell through within weeks of his arrival. He met some young friends, other boys, who introduced him to hustling. They meet men at parks like the Monte Caprino or Villa Borghese, or in gay nightclubs that cater to hustlers and their johns, such as Incognito 2000."  Investigating hustler related murders. - Condom use with clients and private partners among transvestites in Italy (1990). - Country Report Italy.  - An Increase in Prostitution Among Romanian Minors in Rome (PDF Download): Girls are not the only ones affected by prostitution. While it is evident that Romanian girls are sexually exploited whether they are approached once in Italy or trafficked from Romania, the situation of teenage
boys is slightly different. There was no evidence of real trafficking among boys but it seems quite clear that once these minors enter Italy they ask for help from those who already know how to survive and make money. Romanian boys, aged from 16 to 18 years old, generally wait for their clients in the heart of Rome. “Unless you know that, it is not easy to notice them; they are well-dressed and standing in one of the main squares of Rome in the evening. They stare at the cars, trying to see if they recognize their usual customers. They hope to get some money, a hot meal, or even a place to sleep for the night.”  - Reggio Emilia: blitz contro la prostituzione maschile (2006, Translation).

Roma di notte (2005, Translation). Un giro di ragazzi rumeni, italiani e curdi che si prostituiscono saltuariamente e raramente diventano professionisti. E' il mondo che abbiamo incontrato accompagnando il furgoncino della Lila che fa prevenzione dell’Aids e delle Mts fra i “lavoratori del sesso” ... Un giro di ragazzi rumeni, italiani e curdi, spesso minorenni, che si prostituiscono saltuariamente e per periodi brevi e raramente diventano professionisti....  È un progetto voluto e finanziato dal comune di Roma e rivolto a donne, uomini e trans che si prostituiscono in strada, la finalità è la riduzione del danno, cioè evitare o almeno controllare le malattie a trasmissione sessuale, prima fra tutte per pericolosità, l’aids...

Portugal: - Prostituição masculina em Lisboa (Translation): "Um “rapaz,  26 anos, atraente, sexy e discreto“, como ele mesmo se descreve em anúncios de jornais, diz que o mercado da prostituição masculina em Lisboa, ao contrário do que se imagina, é "muito compensador". Vindo do Brasil, Salvador, há 4 anos, começou por trabalhar como empregado de mesa, mas 6 meses depois, após ter recebido uma proposta muito generosa  de “um senhor, percebeu que poderia ganhar muito mais dinheiro sem ter de se esforçar tanto e ainda “ter prazer“. E afirma que já ganhou muito dinheiro com o negócio do sexo... O dono de uma agência de acompanhantes com quem falei por telefone, contou-me que cerca de 98% dos clientes são do sexo masculino, a maioria de classe "média  alta." Ainda segundo este, muitos dos prostitutos que entram na profissão dizem pretender ter relações exclusivamente com mulheres, mas devido à escassa procura por  parte destas, acabam aceitando também as ofertas de clientes masculinos... Para os donos das agências a única coisa que parece importar é o dinheiro. Se o aspirante a prostituto, é minimamente atraente, e tem vontade de trabalhar já está empregado. Em alguns casos, mesmo sendo menor de idade. Ainda segundo o meu entrevistado, “nas agências são comuns os pedidos de clientes querendo rapazes com menos de 15 anos, principalmente por parte de turistas estrangeiros, dispostos a pagar muito caro por um encontro com um ou vários adolescentes ao mesmo tempo... Os preços do prazer variam entre 15 a 30 euros, no caso dos prostitutos de rua, com os quais é possível regatear, os 50 a 100 euros no caso dos massagistas, e 150 a 300 euros, no caso dos que trabalham por conta própria ou através de agencias... " - Prostituição Masculina em Portugal (2008, Translation): Com o advento da Internet e a sua comercialização, os sites e chat rooms gay, como GayDar (Elford et al., 2004), têm geralmente uma secção, a dos perfis, onde os prostitutos colocam o seu perfil, juntamente com o acompanhante, oferecendo os seus serviços de «massagens». Contudo, se tende a substituir os bares como nova arena erótica (Brown, Maycock & Burns, 2005; Ross, 2005), a Internet ainda não mostrou todo o seu potencial no domínio da prostituição masculina, pelo menos em Portugal, e até mesmo na Holanda esse negócio online é mais lucrativo no âmbito da prostituição feminina. Os clientes de prostitutos masculinos parecem não ficar satisfeitos com o erotismo e o nudismo online, exigindo encontros offline, realizados geralmente em hotéis. - Instituições ignoram prostituição masculina (2008, Translation).

Spain:  - La prostitución masculina se triplica en tiempos de crisis (2010, Translation): Ricardo tiene 26 años, es colombiano, lleva cuatro años en España y no tiene papeles. Compagina la prostitución con otro trabajo. «Es igual de duro que el que limpia cañerías, que le da asco lo que hace pero tiene que dejar al cliente contento», dice. «No trabajo en la calle, me publicito en periódicos y en páginas de internet», explica. Para Ricardo, la calle es más peligrosa y sórdida que las saunas y bares de alterne. «Puedo ganar de 2.000 a 3.000 euros al mes, pagarme mis caprichos y ahorrar. Seguiré dedicándome a esto hasta que el cuerpo me lo permita», concluyó. - Sexual Behaviors in Male Sex Workers in Spain: Modulating Factors (2013). - Detenido el dueño de un bar de Málaga por prostituir menores (2009, Translation). - Madrid luchará por primera vez contra la prostitución masculina (2013, Translation). - La prostitución masculina es rutina durante las noches de Barcelona (2012, Translation). - La soledad y la prostitución masculina, protagonistas de 'Chapero' (2013, Translation): Chapero, que se representa en la sala madrileña Azarte, desenmascara con un estilo cotidiano y sincero tabúes como la prostitución masculina, que rara vez se ha puesto sobre un escenario. La obra narra la historia de Nico, un chico de apenas 19 años, que en su afán irremediable de encontrarse a sí mismo huye de su propia familia. En un encuentro cargado de confesiones, recuerdos y sexo con un desconocido encontrará parte de las respuestas que busca. 

Sexual History of a Sample of Male Sex Workers in Spain (2006): Some commonly-held ideas about sex workers, such as earlier commencement of sexual relations, were not confirmed by our study. Nonetheless, we found evidence of a significant presence of sexual violence and sexual abuse in the sexual history of these young men. - Un centenar de hombres ejercen la prostitución en Gipuzkoa (2006, Translation): El perfil de los hombres que se prostituyen también es variado. "Los homosexuales que tienen asumida su condición son la mayoría en este negocio -añade Lasheras-, aunque también hay hombres bisexuales y heterosexuales, a quienes más les cuesta admitir que ejercen la prostitución con otros hombres y les cuesta más venir a solicitar nuestros servicios". Sólo un 10 por ciento de los gigolós guipuzcoanos son autóctonos y llevan su ocupación de forma "más escondida que los de fuera". El resto, el 90 por ciento, son extranjeros, la mayoría procedentes de Brasil y Colombia. "Tienen entre 23 y 35 años. - Prevención del SIDA y apoyo social en la Prostitución Masculina (2006, Translation).- Prostitución homosexual: Sexo a plena luz del día en una playa de Sitges (2005, Translation): Los vecinos de la zona de Aiguadolç de la cala Balmins denuncian que a las doce del mediodía se puede ver a “una pareja gay practicando penetraciones o felaciones en las hamacas de la playa” nudista mixta, a pesar de la teórica vigilancia de la Policía Local. - Prostitución masculina: Un 98 por ciento de la demanda es homosexual (2005, Translation): Aumentan los servicios sexuales entre hombres en la calle, debido en gran parte al aumento de inmigración ilegal, y en el caso de Barcelona en pisos y saunas, por la promoción que se hace de la capital catalana en Europa como “paraíso” gay... La prostitución masculina tiene una demanda exclusivamente gay, según un estudio realizado por Ámbit Prevenció, una organización que trabaja en la prevención de enfermedades derivadas del ejercicio de esta profesión en Barcelona. Aunque los servicios sexuales masculinos tienden a dejar la calle y a hacerse más “elitistas”, se detecta un aumento de esta actividad marginal callejera debido en gran parte al aumento de inmigrantes sin documentación, mientras proliferan pisos y saunas donde se practican estos servicios. Barcelona se sitúa en primera línea de la prostitución homosexual por la promoción que se hace en el extranjero de la capital catalana como “paraíso” gay.

49 charged in boy prostitution case (1997). - Spanish child prostitution trial ends (1998, BBC): The trial attracted nationwide attention, not only for the large number of people involved, but because some of the defendants were well-known television celebrities. These included a popular comedian, as well as several leading figures in the establishment, including a former juvenile court judge.  - Risk of HIV infection among male sex workers in Spain (2005): Because of the high risk of HIV infection, male sex workers should be the target of specific preventive activities. Preventive and healthcare strategies that are culturally adapted to migrants are required. - Prostitución Masculina en Málaga (2003, Translation): Un total de 82 hombres ejerce la prostitución en Málaga, debido a la inmigración y la droga, según un estudio. - Country Report of Spain N/A: "It is also important to point out that, with the exception of Médicos del Mundo, none of the programmes will deal with drug users or with male pro stitutes, despite the fact that drug use is one of the major problems in prostitution. "  - La policía dice ahora que no hostiga a los "chaperos" de Legazpi, sino que les protege (2000, Translation): Un oficial ordenó por escrito a los agentes "evitar" la prostitución masculina en la zona. - Health Ministry finances a programme for male prostitutes in Malaga (2007).

La prostitución de ellos: más oculta, menos esclava (2010, Translation): La reciente redada contra una red que supuestamente explotaba a 80 chicos brasileños en casas de alterne ha puesto cara a una realidad que suele estar escondida: la de la prostitución masculina. Según la versión de la policía, los chicos brasileños llegaban a España engañados con la promesa de un trabajo como bailarines, y para que aguantaran las jornadas laborales (tenían que estar disponibles las 24 horas al día) les daban cocaína, Viagra y poppers (un vasodilatador). Hay 14 detenidos. Tan oculta está la prostitución masculina que si se pregunta al Ministerio de Igualdad, que impulsa desde su creación trabajos sobre la prostitución, la respuesta es que ellos no tienen nada al respecto, que es un fenómeno muy marginal y, sobre todo, con un factor que, claramente, le diferencia de la prostitución femenina: entre los chaperos (un término que alguno de ellos reivindica con la misma energía con que otros lo rechazan) no suele haber explotación. Desde una perspectiva de género, dicen en el Gobierno, las relaciones que estos establecen con sus clientes masculinos (las clientas son minoría y, además, se dedican a una prostitución de lujo, lejos de cualquier sordidez aparente) son más de igual a igual, sin la violencia -explícita o implícita- que se da muchas veces en las relaciones de los hombres con las prostitutas. - Espanha desbarata rede de prostituição masculina de brasileiros (2010, Translation): Segundo a polícia, a rede, formada em sua maioria por brasileiros, atraía outras pessoas do país com passagens de avião e promessas de trabalho na Europa. Ao chegar à Espanha, eles eram obrigados a se prostituir para pagar dívidas que chegavam a 4 mil euros (cerca de R$ 8,9 mil). Os homens eram distribuídos por diferentes casas de encontros pelo país e precisavam estar disponíveis para programas 24 horas por dia..

La prostitución masculina abandona las calles de Madrid (2010, Translation): El tema de la prostitución es siempre un tema polémico. Pero no por ocultarlo el problema desaparece. De ahí que creo que son especialmente importantes iniciativas como la de la Fundación Triángulo, que ha realizado un estudio sobre el estado de la prostitución masculina en Madrid. Y entre las conclusiones que podrían extraerse de dicho estudio, una de las más llamativas es que la prostitución masculina madrileña ha abandonado las calles del barrio de Chueca para concentrarse en pisos y sobre todo, en internet... Según el estudio, la prostitución masculina en la calle tuvo su momento álgido en los años 80, y se ubicaba en determinados puntos situados entre la Puerta del Sol y Recoletos, teniendo Chueca como su zona central. En esta zona trabajaban sobre todo ciudadanos españoles que recurrían a prostituirse para conseguir dinero con la que poder comprar drogas. Pero con la liberación sexual y con la normalidad, llegaron los locales de copas y los cuartos oscuros que hicieron que una buena parte de estos trabajadores del sexo dejaran la calle, reduciéndose su presencia a zonas como la calle Almirante o el entorno de la Puerta del Sol, una zona en la que se concentraban los trabajadores del sexo con un nivel socio económico más bajo. - La prostitución gay masculina deja definitivamente las calles madrileñas y se concentra en pisos e Internet
(2010, Translation):La prostitución homosexual masculina ha abandonado en los últimos años los reductos establecidos en algunas calles del madrileño barrio de Chueca y se ha concentrado en pisos y, especialmente, en espacios virtuales de Internet. -  Existe la prostitución masculina (2012, Translation): Y  tanto que existe. Mucho más silenciosa que la femenina, mucho más reducida. Pero quien dude de la existencia de los prostitutos está en un error. Y el número crece día a día. Losanuncios de contactos en los periódicos se amplían, intentando copar otro sector del público masculino, aquellos que prefieren recurrir a los servicios de un hombre. El mito del gigoló o del chico de compañía de poderosas y acaudaladas mujeres se cae por su propio peso: la mayoría de los prostitutos se dedican casi en exclusividad a su mismo sexo. Aquellas mujeres que, muy ocasionalmente, se convierten en clientas suelen rondar los treinta y pico años y ostentar un poder adquisitivo medio-alto. Según la Fundación Triángulo, el perfil de un profesional en España es el de un inmigrante joven, latinoamericano o magrebí, entre 19 y 25 años, que ejerce la prostitución para tener unos ingresos estables a la espera de un trabajo al uso. También existen profesionales españoles, evidentemente, aunque el número ha descendido considerablemente en los últimos años. Sin embargo, el hecho de que los hombres que ejercen la prostitución sean mucho menos visibles que las mujeres,dificulta un censo exacto.

Rosado IZ, et al. (2006). Trabajadores masculinos del sexo: aproximación a la prostitución masculina en Madrid. PDF Download. Translation. A menudo cuando se habla de prostitución asalta a la mente la imagen estereotipada de la trabajadora sexual de calle o club, en las noticias, en el arte, en los debates sobre el trabajo sexual se ha venido abordando el tema centrado exclusivamente en las prostitutas. Es cierto, que un amplio sector del trabajo sexual está formado por mujeres pero dentro del mismo existe una diversidad que debe ser reconocida. Es el único modo de contemplar una realidad poliédrica, como es sin duda la prostitución y, de paso, evitar una mirada sesgada susceptible de manipulaciones. Los Trabajadores Masculinos del Sexo (TMS) son quizá uno de los colectivos más invisibles y desconocidos dentro de la prostitución en España, esta característica pudimos comprobarla en la primera fase de este estudio debido a la escasez de literatura en castellano que versara sobre el tema. Este hecho al contrario de lo que cabría pensar resultó motivador para el equipo de investigación ya que reforzaba la necesidad de investigar en el colectivo y contribuir a la edición de material técnico. Nuestro objetivo no ha perseguido mostrar una verdad absoluta, pues valoramos como imposible semejante misión, sino realizar una aproximación al ámbito de la prostitución masculina y a un grupo de trabajadores sexuales en la ciudad de Madrid. Las conclusiones de este estudio nos permitirán implementar mejoras en el programa de atención a TMS que promuevan desarrollar nuevas acciones dirigidas a la prevención del VIH/sida y otras ITS en este colectivo.

Prevención del SIDA y apoyo social en la Prostitución Masculina (2006, Translation): Proyecto de ámbito nacional financiado por Ministerio de Sanidad y Comunidad de Madrid y realizado por Fundación Triángulo. - La Policía desmantela en Badajoz la primera red de prostitución masculina (2006, Translation). - Desarticulada la primera red de prostitución masculina detectada en la región (2006, Translation). - Sanidad financia en Málaga un programa piloto con hombres que se prostituyen (2007, Translation): "El trabajo de campo realizado por la asociación Ojalá ha permitido establecer contacto con 120 chaperos que ejercen en la capital y en Torremolinos Más del 80% son inmigrantes y la mayoría manda dinero a sus esposas e hijos." - Prostitución masculina en las Islas (2006, Translation): El perfil de los trabajadores masculinos del sexo en Tenerife es el de un varón español, que ejerce en un piso privado o a domicilio y no está explotado. - Decide-T comienza a desarrollar un programa de prevención de VIH/SIDA en prostitución masculina y transexualidad en Alicante (2006, Translation): La Asociación Decide-T de lesbianas, gays, transexuales y bisexuales de Alicante desarrolla, en colaboración con la Federación Estatal de Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales y Transexuales (FELGT), un programa de reducción de daños y prevención de VIH/SIDA enfocado al mundo de la prostitución. Este programa está subvencionado por el Ministerio de Sanidad.  - Polícia desmantelou rede de prostituição masculina na Espanha (2006, Translation): "Em uma operação em setembro, batizada de Amazônia, a polícia espanhola desmantelou a primeira quadrilha acusada de explorar a prostituição masculina de heterossexuais no país..." - Three from four transsexuals that are prostitute in Spain are Latin American (2007).

USUARIOS DE PROSTITUCIÓN MASCULINA: En 2003, la Asociación Stop sida y la Secretaría del Plan Nacional sobre el Sida realizaron un estudio, el "cuidate.info", con el objeto de recoger información relativa a las conductas sexuales de hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres que permitiera mejorar los abordajes y los mensajes preventivos a utilizar en ediciones posteriores de la campaña "Cuídate"13 [21]. Se presentan algunos datos relativos a 71 hombres que pagaron por los servicios sexuales que les prestaron otros hombres. Características sociodemográficas El 8,4% (71) de los participantes en el proyecto cuidate.info refirieron haber pagado para mantener relaciones sexuales con otros hombres. De ellos, el 94,3% era residente en España: el 38,6% en Barcelona, el 21,4% en Madrid, el 15,7% en Valencia y el 18,6% en otras provincias. El 17,1% tenía un país de origen distinto a España. El 38,6% vive solo y el 55,1% refiere haber completado estudios universitarios.

82 hombres ejercen prostitución en Málaga (2003, Translation): La Red Europea de Prostitución advierte de que jóvenes trabajadores sexuales vienen a Málaga en época estival para ejercer este trabajo... El 89 por ciento de los trabajadores sexuales masculinos en la provincia son chaperos y el uno por ciento gigolós. Por otro lado, el ocho por ciento son transexuales y el dos por ciento travestis, según dicho estudio. Las edades van de los 18 a los 30 años, en un 52 por ciento; menores de 20 años, en un 26 por ciento; y más de 31 años, en un 22 por ciento. Además, el 55 por ciento procede de España, un 19 por ciento de países de América del Sur, un 18 por ciento de Africa, sobre todo Marruecos, y un ocho por ciento es de países de Europa del Este...

Belgium / Belgique: - A Bruxelles, les hommes se prostituent aussi (2010, Translation): C'est une réalité peu connue à Bruxelles : celle des hommes qui se prostituent. Ils sont environ 500 dans le cas, essentiellement dans le centre-ville. Ces hommes ont entre 18 et 45 ans, et sont surtout originaires d'ici, des pays de l'Est, et de l'Afrique du Nord. - Alias-bru.be : mieux connaître la problématique de la prostitution masculine à Bruxelles (2010, Translation): L’asbl ALIAS a été créée en mai 2009 en vue de relancer un projet spécialisé de prévention, de réduction des risques et d’accompagnement psycho-médico-social adapté aux hommes exerçant la prostitution à Bruxelles. En effet, depuis janvier 2009, plus aucun service de première ligne ne prenait en compte spécifiquement la problématique et les besoins des prostitués masculins dans la capitale alors qu’on estime que près de 500 hommes y sont actifs, plus particulièrement en soirée dans les ruelles et les bars au centre ville. Leurs conditions de vie induisent des prises de risque, en particulier en matière d’IST/sida, et les laissent souvent sans ressources pour y faire face, vu notamment le poids des discriminations liées à l’activité mais également à l’homosexualité, à l’immigration, etc. - ALIAS: Dans la Presse ( 2008-09, Translation).

L’invisible prostitution masculine (2012, Translation): van Erps, Noémie (2012). L’invisible prostitution masculine. PDF Download. Translation. Le public prostitué est très hétérogène et diffère fortement selon les lieux de prostitution. La plupart des hommes prostitués à Bruxelles sont d’origine maghrébine (40%) et d’Europe de l’Est (40%), tandis que ceux travaillant à Liège sont majoritairement d’origine belge2. Le profil des prostitués actifs sur le net est quant à lui peu connu en raison de l’anonymat que le virtuel permet et des différents pseudonymes utilisés par un même individu. Le public qui s’adresse aux prostitués est principalement un public masculin (contrairement à ce que l’imaginaire collectif laisse supposer). La prostitution masculine est donc généralement associée à l’homosexualité. Les quartiers concernés par la prostitution masculine sont majoritairement situés en périphérie des quartiers homosexuels. La clientèle féminine est quasiment inexistante (sauf cas très rares) dans le cadre de la prostitution masculine.

Prostitution masculine de rue: Ne plus se voiler la face (2009, Actualité: Le Journal du médecin, Translation): Depuis le début de l’année, il n’existe plus de projet psycho-médico-social destiné spécifiquement aux hommes prostitués à Bruxelles. Or ce segment de la population est très vulnérable et mal informé à tous le niveaux. Avec deux asbl partenaires, Diogènes et Ex-Aequo, des travailleurs sociaux d’Alias continuent néanmoins d’assurer une présence discrète en rue dans les lieux de racolage. - Beaucoup d'hommes louent leur corps: Selon la nouvelle ASBL Alias, ils seraient 500 à se prostituer à Bruxelles (2009, Translation): On estime à 500 le nombre d'hommes qui se prostituent à Bruxelles. Sur base du dernier rapport de l'ASBL Adzon, ces hommes sont majoritairement de jeunes adultes. 41 % de ceux rencontrés par le personnel de l'ASBL sont d'origine maghrébine, une grande partie (40 %) sont originaires d'Europe de l'Est et principalement de Bulgarie. Enfin, 14 % des jeunes rencontrés étaient belges. "Il n'y a pas un profil mais bien des parcours de vie multiples de ces jeunes qui se prostituent. Certains le font pour des raisons économiques. C'est là un moyen de récolter non pas facilement, mais rapidement de l'argent. Ceux-là ne sont pas forcément homosexuels mais vendent leur corps, souvent pour aider leur famille restée au pays. D'autres sont homosexuels et trouvent dans la prostitution une raison pour justifier justement cette homosexualité. D'autres ont atterri à la rue de par leur parcours, le milieu précaire d'où ils viennent,...", nous précise la psychologue, Myriam Monheim.

Sans Domicile Fixe: Errances Homos (2007, Translation): Rupture familiale après un coming-out, il n’en faut pas plus pour que de jeunes homos se retrouvent à la rue. Là commence la galère, les nuits sans dormir, la prostitution occasionnelle pour certains. Homos et SDF, une association méconnue mais pourtant bien réelle. Témoignages en France et en Belgique.

Leuridan E, Wouters K, Stalpaert M, Van Damme P (2005). Male sex workers in Antwerp, Belgium: a descriptive study. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 16(11): 744-748. Abstract. PDF Download.  Prevalence of STI is concordant with published data on MSW; this population clearly requests and deserves particular attention and approach. There is an important difference in sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics between MSW working in the red light district and those working on the street. Health promotion should be tailored to the different subpopulations and outreach appears to be a successful tool.

Boysproject (History): une organisation sociale Anversoise au profit de garçons et d’hommes travaillant dans la prostitution. - Male Prostitution by ENMP. - Belgium Network: Male Prostitution (To 2007). - AMOC-DHV Report (1999): "Sex workers can be devided in different categories. Socially there are three levels. At the highest there are the so-called escort-services. Good looking and intelligent boys are available for exquise parties. A second level includes the add-workers. Through adds in different kinds of newspapers clients are sollicitated. At the lowest level we find the street (parks, parkings, Shop Galleries) and bar prostitutes. On streetcorners and in bars clients can make their choice... ADZON is the only organisation that works specificly with male prostitutes. In addition to the outreach-workat the places where the youngsters sollicit their clients, ADZON disposes of a drop-in center where the youngsters can meet each other or the the social worker." - Rencontre d'organismes belges actifs dans le milieu de la prostitution masculine  N/A. - Country Report Belgium. -

De Place Fontainas A Gare Centrale,Quelques Centaines De Jeunes Gens Se Prostituent Argent Si Vite Gagne Et Si Vite Depense (1994, Translation): La prostitution masculine n'est pas un phénomène nouveau. En tout cas quand elle s'adresse aux hommes. Entre les deux guerres, le poète américain Wystan Hugh Auden est venu à Bruxelles. Dans ses écrits, il parle des beaux adolescents de la capitale qu'il payait 50 F la passe. Alors que les études sur la prostitution féminine hier et aujourd'hui abondent, il n'y en a pas sur la prostitution masculine. Quelques témoignages, c'est tout. Et un mémoire de criminologie de J.-P. Lenoir en 1971: «La Prostitution des mineurs dans le milieu homosexuel». Dans son enquête menée en mai 1971, son auteur avait remarqué les jeunes en attente du client entre la Bourse et la place De Brouckere, dans le quartier des Riches-Claires et, vers minuit, au bois de la Cambre... C'est difficile à chiffrer, admet Peter Sioen. À Adzon, nous avons des contacts avec 223 jeunes. Un nombre auquel il faut sans doute ajouter quelques dizaines de jeunes qu'Adzon ne touche pas, plus les prostitués qui travaillent par petites annonces. Cinq cents en tout? La police les connaît, ces prostitués. Elle fait parfois des contrôles de routine, quand on a signalé un adolescent en fugue. Ou des descentes dans le quartier quand un client se fait agresser. Bien sûr, les garçons sont répertoriés, estime Françoise Nicaise. Mais jusqu'à quel point? En tous cas, ils sont reconnus comme tels par les policiers. Si bien que certains qui quittent la rue s'entendent apostropher: Alors, on ne fait plus la pute? ...

Gabiam K, Piechowski C (2011). Les prostitutions masculines à Bruxelles. Les Cahiers de la Fonderie, 44: 66-71. PDF Download. Translation.  La prostitution masculine est aussi ancienne que la prostitution féminine. Entre fantasmes et réalités comment situer cette prostitution masculine à Bruxelles de nos jours ? Nous avons interviewé des acteurs de terrain à savoir Alias asbl, association bruxelloise de travail de rue dans le milieu de la prostitution masculine; SOS Jeunes, intervenant dans l’aide aux mineurs; Genres Pluriels, association destinée aux genres fluides, trans’ et intersexes. Nos nombreux questionnements ont abouti sur de riches échanges notamment avec les intervenants sociaux de Merhaba asbl, association par et pour des LGBTQI2 originaires du Maghreb, du Moyen-Orient et de Turquie. L’article proposé part donc d’une synthèse des enquêtes menées auprès de ces divers acteurs du terrain bruxellois. Nous avons limité le champ si vaste d’un tel sujet à trois axes : les acteurs, les modes d’entrée et les lieux de prostitution masculine à Bruxelles...

Deligne C, Van Criekingen KGM, et Jean-Michel Decroly J-M (2006). Les territoires de l’homosexualité à Bruxelles: visibles et invisibles. Cahiers de géographie du Québec, 50(140): septembre: 135-150. PDF Download. Translation. Download Page. Translation. Brussels has recently seen the emergence of a Gay Village in an area of the inner city known as the Saint-Jacques district. Based on empirical studies, this article investigates the nature of this new kind of space, increasingly common in Western cities, for homosociability. It also tries to position the phenomenon within a wider geography of homosexual territory on a city-wide scale. The study highlights the contrast between a concentration of visible marks of homosexual presence in the inner city (such as bars and associations), particularly in the Saint-Jacques district, and a wider spatial diffusion of more heterogeneous and less visible types of homosexual territory in urban space.

Netherlands: - Mannelijk sekswerk: dubbel gestigmatiseerd (2007, Translation): "Waar vrouwelijke prostituees al met een scheef oog worden bekeken, zitten mannelijke hoeren helemaal in het verdomhoekje.De heteroseksuele mainstream zet homoseksuelen graag weg als seksueel pervers, maar ook de gay scène houdt er vreemde ideeën over hen op na. Mannelijke sekswerkers hebben verschillend strategieën om met die dubbele stigmatisering om te gaan." - Homodok's "Prostitution" Resources.- AMOC/DHV Report (1997): "Working with boys in the prostitution was also in 1997 a fixed component of the work of AMOC/DHV. In that streetwork plays an important role, inasmuch as most contacts are made in the street... Every night boys come to these bars to tender sexual services to, usually much older, homosexual men... The majority of boys in bar- and street-prostitution are foreigners. Many of them come from Western Europe but since 1990  there are also a lot of Eastern European boys, especially from countries like Rumania, Czechia or Poland."

Male Sex Workers. - Male Prostitution N/A. - Prostitutie en Gezondheidscentrum: Male Sex Workers: Since 2009, the P&G 292 offers consults with nurses and social workers for men. This allows you to be tested for STD/HIV, receive hepatitis A&B vaccinations, and gather information and advice about your (sexual) health. But you can also call on prostitution social services, for: ...

van den Hoek JA, van Haastrecht HJ, Coutinho RA (1991). Homosexual prostitution among male drug users and its risk for HIV infection. Genitourinary Medicine, 67(4): 303-306. Abstract. PDF Download. Of the 449 study participants, 88 (20%) reported a history of prostitution; no differences were found between intravenous and non-intravenous drug users. Younger age, West German nationality, and having had private homosexual sex contacts, were independent predictors of a history of prostitution. Independent predictors of HIV infection were (1) longer residency in Amsterdam; (2) having had predominantly homosexual private sex contacts; (3) longer duration of intravenous drug use; and (4) frequent needle sharing. No evidence was found to suggest that male prostitution in itself contributed to the risk of HIV infection.

van Gelder, Paul (2005). Hoe jongens in de prostitutie beginnen. PDF Download. Translation. (Artikel geschreven op verzoek van het Informatiepunt Jeugprostitutie, TransAct, Utrecht. Dit artikel is gebaseerd op hoofdstuk 4, paragraaf 3, in: Paul van Gelder, Kwetsbaar, kleurig en schaduwrijk. Jongens met prostitutiecontacten: een verschijnsel in meervoud. Amsterdam: Thela-Thesis, 1998.) Hoe beginnen jongens met zo’n beladen bezigheid, zeker als ze weinig ophebben met mannenseks? In de literatuur, de media en de politiek dringt deze vraag zich regelmatig op de voorgrond om dan weer te verdwijnen in de schemering.1 In het antwoord broeit de verdachtmaking tegen ploertige heren die zich beijveren om naïeve jongetjes het circuit in te lokken. Zijn jongens beneden de 18 jaar dan worden ze veel te vanzelfsprekend voor slachtoffer gehouden. Afgaande op de steekproef van een uitgebreid veldonderzoek dat in de jaren 1995 - 1998 naar jongens in de prostitutie werd uitgevoerd in Rotterdam, Den Haag en, in mindere mate, Amsterdam is de dominante visie op beneden 18-jarige jongens met prostitutiecontacten te vooringenomen. In dit artikel zullen we bovendien zien, dat beginnende jongens niet te vangen zijn met een simpel waarom, waar en wanneer. 

Cheng L, de Die L, de Kroon E (2012?). Just Business? The Unknown World of Male Prostitution in the Netherlands. Full Text. The vibrant Red Light District in Amsterdam is one of the most important, but also one of the most controversial tourist attractions in the Netherlands. On all but two small streets, women sell their bodies for sex. In the Barndesteeg and the Bloedstraat, one can find transgender or transsexual prostitutes. Men are nowhere to be found behind windows. Instead, they operate in parks, gay bars, gay clubs, chat rooms and illegal brothels. Male prostitution is hardly discussed in the Netherlands, but it is out there – in every province, region and city. It is therefore important to raise awareness about the existence of these boys and men. During our quest to paint a picture of male prostitution in the country, we were often surprised by the helpfulness of the community even while being shocked about some of the details of the business. Male prostitution is characterized by three major taboos. First, receiving money for sex is not generally accepted (from either male or female clients). Second, homosexuality is still stigmatized. And third, men are not “supposed” to be the victims of prostitution or sexual abuse, which often leads to their not seeking professional help when they need it (Repetur, 2011). Telephone calls, emails, face-to-face interviews, and visits to gay bars and dating sites such as bullchat.nl provided us with the information for this report. Here, we will discuss two cases which represent the extreme ends of the spectrum for male prostitution in the Netherlands. On websites like bullchat.nl, gayromeo.com, gay4chat.nl, one can easily find men who want to have a “paydate”. The majority of this group work voluntarily, and are not solely dependent on income from these practices. It is very easy to get a paydate through one of these websites. Chapter 2 will elaborate more about the phenomenon of paydates and chat rooms. Unfortunately, illegal brothels also exist. Little is known about these private houses, where predominantly foreign boys are forced to work as  prostitutes. Chapter 3 will describe how the Utrecht police deal with male trafficking and illegal prostitution. We have found that the majority of male prostitution is voluntary. Most of these sex workers are not dependent upon the money that they earn by performing sexual acts. Even those forced to work in illegal brothels began on a voluntary basis. One of our most valuable findings was is that the internet plays an important structural role in the broadening the range of male prostitution in the Netherlands. Chapter 4 summarizes its crucial impact. Whereas a small group of men offer their services in (gay) bars and clubs, the vast majority seek customers through the internet, including men who work in illegal brothels...

APUTHEATRE N/A: Our new production is "The Prostitution Plays". Four strong short plays performed consecutively in three hours of powerful, shocking theatre. Film Shows: "The plays explore the lives of young Eastern European men living and working illegally as prostitutes in Amsterdam. Set in the public spaces of a male brothel, a street bar, an hotel suite and Amsterdam's Central Station, young men of four different Eastern European cultures give us an insight into their experiences of life in "freedom city". Czech, Polish, Romanian and Russian, each have their own history, and each their own responses to the realities that face them here." - Aputheatre (Wikipedia): In 1998 Aputheatre’s two founders, John Roman Baker and Rod Evan moved to Amsterdam, where a creative relationship was established with COC Nederland, a Dutch organization for LGBT men and women.[1] The company initially developed four strong plays which explored the sub-culture of prostitution among young East European men living in Amsterdam. 'The Prostitution Plays' together with a later production omophobia have charted the evolution and demise of male street prostitution in Amsterdam that has occurred at the beginning of the 21st Century. -  The Prostitution Plays - 2008 - by John Roman Baker.

van Veen MG, Götz HM, van Leeuwen PA, Prins M, van de Laar MJ (2010). HIV and sexual risk behavior among commercial sex workers in the Netherlands. Archives of Sexual behavior, 39(3): 714-723. Abstract. PDF Download. In 2002-2005, a cross-sectional study to assess the potential for HIV transmission was carried out among 557 female and male-to-female transgender commercial sex workers (CSW) in three cities in the Netherlands. Female CSW (F-CSW), drug-using female CSW (DU), and transgender sex workers were recruited in street-based and establishment-based sites. An anonymous questionnaire was administrated by interviewers and a saliva sample was collected for HIV antibody testing. The overall HIV prevalence was 5.7% (31/547; 10 samples were excluded because of "intermediate" test results). HIV was more prevalent among transgender (18.8%, 13/69) and DU (13.6%, 12/88) sex workers than among F-CSW (1.5%, 6/390). Of the HIV positive CSW, 74% were unaware of their infection. Consistent condom use with clients was 81%. Regular condom failure with clients was reported by 39%. In multivariate analyses, transgender sex workers (OR = 22.9), drug-using CSW who ever injected drugs (OR = 31.1), African (OR = 19.0), and South European ethnicity (OR = 7.2) were independently associated with HIV. Condom failure (PRR = 2.0), anal sex (PRR = 2.1), and drug use (PRR = 3.8) were associated with inconsistent condom use with clients. There is a potential risk for further spread of HIV, through clients and (private) partners of sex workers, to the general population. Targeted health promotion activities are indicated for transgender sex workers and drug-using female CSW; active HIV testing must be continued.

Switzerland - Zurich N/A: (1998, This is a downloading file) - "Le projet Herrmann existe déjà depuis plus d'un an dans la métropole alémanique. Zurich rassemble en ses murs près de lamoitié de la prostitution masculine de Suisse, soit entre 800 et1200 hommes. (Zurich has about half of the male prostitutes, at about one thousand.) - Report N/A - "Sex workers can be put in different categories. Socially we distingish three levels: · Home working boys and boys working in escort-services  · Boys working in clubs (brothels)  · Boys working in gay bars, discos and saunas  · Boys working on the street." - Outil de prévention contre le sida, le projet Herrmann aide les prostitués. Entretien avec Herbie Ammann, son responsable (2001, Translation): De plus en plus de prostitués masculins choisissent d’exercer leur profession. Comment ce phénomène s’est-il développé? La société a progressivement toléré la prostitution, d’abord féminine, puis masculine. Qui est de plus en plus considérée non seulement comme un service mais un travail à part entière. Le phénomène des sex workers s’est développé dans la plupart des grandes cités, sauf peut-être en Suède, où la prostitution est aujourd’hui totalement illégale... - Projekt "Male Sex Work" (To 2007): Information for sex workers (PDF Download): "Male Sex Work" (MSW) s'adresse aux hommes qui pratiquent la prostitution homosexuelle." - Male Prostitution. - Male Sex Work (2003, Alternate Link, Translation): "Dazu gehört das nationale Projekt "Male Sex Work”. Es richtet sich an männliche Sexarbeiter und deren soziales Umfeld (Kunden, Partner, Partnerinnen). Das Projekt MSW ist in den Städten Basel, Genf, Luzern und Zürich aktiv. Die Aids-Hilfe Schweiz arbeitet dabei mit lokalen Partnerorganisationen zusammen."

Une nouvelle prostitution masculine itinérante (2012, Translation): Les travailleurs sociaux zurichois notent l’arrivée, par vagues, de garçons d’Europe de l’Est. L’activité clandestine de ces derniers est particulièrement difficile à suivre au niveau sanitaire. «Auparavant, c’étaient des hommes jeunes qui venaient seuls d’Amérique du Sud ou d’Asie et qui proposaient leurs services sur la scène homosexuelle. A présent, nous remarquons de plus en plus que des groupes importants surtout d’Europe de l’Est. Ils restent deux semaines à Zurich et se déplacent dans une autre ville», explique Benedikt Zahno, du Groupe sida Zurich, au «Tages-Anzeiger». Les travailleurs sociaux s’inquiètent de ce nouveau phénomène. Ils n’ont ni le temps ni les moyens d’instaurer un rapport de confiance avec ces nouveaux travailleurs du sexe afin de remplir leur mission de prévention.

Le service Male Sex Work (Genève), projet de l’association Aspasie (Genève), réalisé avec le soutien de l’Aide Suisse contre le Sida. Malesexwork est une antenne d'information et de soutien pour les travailleurs du sexe masculins.  Le service Male Sex Work Genève est un projet de l’association Aspasie réalisé avec le soutien de l’OFSP.

Männer kaufen - Unterwegs mit Strichern und Kunden in Zürich: Ein Porträt- und Reportagenbuch - 2012 - by Oliver Demont, Walter Pfeiffer (Translation) (Review: Le monde pas très rose de la prostitution au masculin (Translation): Un monde caché et complexe, échappant aux regards du grand public: il en va ainsi de la prostitution masculine dans le milieu gay. Le journaliste alémanique Olivier Demont a consacré à cette «sous-culture» un essai qui vient de sortir en Suisse. Il s’est intéressé à Zurich, qu’il qualifie de «hot-spot» pour cette activité, attirant des travailleurs du sexe de toute l’Europe et d’Amérique latine, du Brésil, surtout. D’après des estimations, ils sont 700 hommes à proposer leurs prestations, principalement dans les saunas de la ville et via internet.

Prostitué et fier de l’être: "Garagistes, étudiants, des hommes choisissent délibérément d’entrer dans la prostitution. Rencontre avec ces travailleurs du sexe qui considèrent leur corps comme une petite entreprise... Cette image comme figée dans le temps reflète une part majoritaire de la prostitution masculine. Pourtant depuis quelques années la scène du sexe tarifé vit une révolution. Dans les grandes villes de Suisse et d’Europe, des hommes engagés dans la vie active choisissent délibérément de quitter leur métier pour entrer dans la prostitution. - Evaluation Male Sex Work MSW.

Germany: - Helping Berlin's Male Prostitutes One Night at a Time (2007): In Berlin, as in most major cities, boys and young men from as young as 14-years old work the curbs, sex cinemas and gay bars of the German capital. The fact that the rent boys of Berlin barely register on most people's radars led to the creation of an association in 1992 to help those in prostitution. The employees of "Sub/Way" visit the districts of Berlin where the boys work and supply them with condoms and advice on how to be safe on the streets. Once a week, the Sub/Way team loads their van up with condoms, lubricants, sexual health pamphlets, instant soups and hot chocolate before entering the dark underbelly of the German capital... Some 80 percent of male prostitutes in Berlin are not native Germans, most coming from Bulgaria and Romania, and Sergio Prinalski, the Sub/Way translator, helps the social workers to interact with these boys.

Interview With 'Rent Boys' Director: 'Every Person Has Value, No Matter What They Do' (2011): Following its premiere at the recent Berlinale, "Rent Boys" will be released in Germany. The documentary about male prostitutes in Berlin reveals old structures of discrimination in Europe. Director Rosa von Praunheim spoke to SPIEGEL ONLINE about the importance of narrating the young men's stories without resorting to cliché... "Rent Boys," or "Die Jungs vom Bahnhof Zoo," tells the story of five young male prostitutes in Berlin and shows how the streets of the German capital have changed over the last three decades. The documentary by director Rosa von Praunheim was well received when it premiered at the 2011 Berlin International Film Festival, which has long been committed to showcasing the best of queer film. Some of the men are gay, some straight. Three are Roma, two are German, but the only real common denominator is that they grew up in disadvantaged circumstances -- and wound up working the neighborhood around Berlin's Zoo Station, long the main focal point for male prostitution in the city...

Germany Legalized Prostitution in 2002 – Has it Helped? (2011): Germany legalized, decriminalized and regulated prostitution in 2002, and since then, it has remained a highly controversial topic. The new documentary by German director Rosa von Praunheim, Rent Boys, (Die Jungs vom Bahnhof Zoo), explores the lives of five male sex workers working in and around Berlin’s Zoo Station. It aims to bring to light the brutal realities of a “profession” that many fall into, often at an early age. The film’s release gives us a good opportunity to examine how and why Germany legalized prostitution — and whether or not it’s benefiting society. Critics of the prostitution law feared that it would only increased human trafficking, drawing sex-trafficking rings from Africa and Eastern Europe. According to German police, however, the number of cases of human trafficking reported in Germany actually decreased from 1235 cases in 2003 to 710 in 2009.

Support and assistance to male sex workers – the example of the BASIS-Projekt (Hamburg) (2005, Word Download): What is important is that in this group of male prostitutes, there are also many socially disadvantaged persons with a multitude of social problems, who at the same time operate in a field that is the subject of stigma at various levels (prostitution and homosexuality), and who are therefore in need of a help programme specifically designed for their needs. The project started out as an agency that provided counselling and drop-ins  and outreach work in the male sex worker zone. In 1990 and 1992, due to the great demand for night shelters, the project facilities were extended in the form of two night shelters for male sex workers. The three work areas in the BASIS-Projekt – Outreach Work, Drop-ins, and Night Shelters – are expanding in scope and are closely integrated with each other. In the meantime, nine social workers have joined the project.

Sexual conduct and sexual identity in clients of male sex workers (1992). - Reaching Out: Male and Female Sex Workers - Durban, 10 July 2000 N/A: "Recent research has indicated that lower or working class men who have sex with men are three times more likely to be HIV positive than middle or upper class men. This proved a starting point for Bochow’s presentation of risk exposure and risk management strategies among gay male sex workers in Germany. From interviews with both call boys and hustlers, the author was able to replicate the findings of others: that the differences found in regard to HIV and safer sex practices were similar in these two groups as in a groups of lower and upper middle class gay men." - Pieper, R., Identity Management in Adolescent Male Prostitution in West Germany, from International Review of Modern Sociology, Vol. 9, July-December 1979, pp. 239-59. - Country Report Germany. - Male Prostitution N/A.

Health promotion for male sex workers: results from an evaluation of the five projects in Germany for male prostitutes (2000): "The average age of clients receiving services is 21; over 80% are from lower-class or working-class families; 52% have not completed schooling; at least 38% are homeless; only 53% are gay-identified; and 10-20% (in one city 80%) are HIV positive. An estimated 40% of clients are non-Germans, most from Eastern Europe."

National Report on HIV and Sex Work: Germany (2007). PDF Download. Transgender and male sex workers: Only around 4% of those working in the sex industry are male, and only 3% transgender. Among male sex workers, 75% are migrants, mainly from Central and Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia). They work mainly in bars and clubs. Among transgender sex workers, 85% are migrants, mainly from Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand) and from Latin America (Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru). Most of them work in apartments and brothels, but some also work in bars. Asians work increasingly in massage parlours.

Gille, Christoph (2007). Romanians and Bulgarians in Male Street Sex Work in German Cities: A comparison between their perceptions of living conditions in the countries of origin and in Germany as an example for a broader European migratory pattern. Master's Dissertation, Comparative European Social Studies,  Metropolitan University London. PDF Download. PDF Download. This thesis explores migratory patterns of Bulgarian and Romanian men who travel from their countries of origin to Germany and earn money in male sex work. The social organizations for male street sex workers in five German cities encounter annually around 1300 Bulgarians and Romanians in male sex work scenes, the group accounts for 55% of their entire clients. Further sources indicate that this group of migrants can be found in other parts of Western Europe as well. Therefore, and due to the highly flexible traveling behavior of the men themselves, the examined pattern is not limited to Germany, but described as a broader European phenomenon. On the basis of ten semi-structured interviews with Bulgarians and Romanians in two German cities, the author compares the men’s perceptions of their living conditions in the countries of origin and in Germany to find out about basic motives and benefits concerning their migration. Three main motives to migrate appear: the escape from severe poverty, the search for ‘a little bit big money’ and the flight from a homophobic background. 

Castañeda H (2013). Structural vulnerability and access to medical care among migrant street-basedmale sex workers in Germany. Social Science & Medicine, 84: 94-101. Abstract. PDF Download. This article discusses health concerns of migrant street-based male sex workers (SMSW) in Germany, a population that remains underexplored by health and social scientists. It is based on five months of ethnographic research in 2011/2012, including 46 semi-structured interviews with physicians, social workers, health department staff, and SMSW from Romania and Bulgaria. This is supplemented with annual reports by organizations providing assistance to this population in eight cities. The article contributes, first, an analysis of the increase in migrant SMSW as a response to economic opportunities (freedom of movement across European Union borders) and constraints (transitional measures restricting access to the labor market). It seeks to move beyond the myopic association between sex work and HIV to contextualize health risks as resultant of macro-level processes associated with migration. Second, the article contributes a summary of primary health concerns for this population. Especially troubling is their lack of access to regular medical services, reflecting a socio-legal position that often resembles that of unauthorized migrants rather than European Union citizens.

Czechoslovakia: - Not Angels But Angels is a documentary about male prostitution in Prague (1994). - GayWatch: Film - Not Angels But Angels (2004, Translation). -  PopcornQ Movies. - Rent boys: Sex workers living on society's edge (2004, Alternate Link): "Kevin began prostitution at 16 while still in school. His first client was a family member of his teacher. Prague's main train station Prague's main train station He quit three years ago because he couldn't get enough clients. He looked too old to compete with the more sought-after teenagers. And since he is Roma, he says prospective clients feared him because of negative Gypsy stereotypes. They thought he intended to rob them... etr started late compared the other male prostitutes. Mr. Sumegh says the average age at Project Opportunity is 17. The prostitutes there say some boys start as young as 11... " - HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic (Word Download): "Male prostitutes are most often young (17 years old on average).  The triggering factors leading to prostitution are likely to be financial difficulties and rejection from one’s family.  Prostitution can appear as an easy short-term solution for a young man seeking to emancipate himself – but many find it hard to stop.  While the vast majority are Czech citizens, the number of foreigners (Slovaks, Ukrainians and Hungarians) is increasing constantly and many originate from the Roma community." - Rent-Boys, Barflies, and Kept Men: Men Involved in Sex with Men for Compensation in Prague (2007).

Bisexual identity and psychological distress in a sample of Czech male sex workers (2014): This study examined a sample of male sex workers (N=40) on a range of demographic, sexual, and psychological variables using a quantitative survey administered face-to-face. The results indicate that working as a prostitute per se has little impact on the psychological functioning of these young men, but only in the case where they identify as either heterosexual or homosexual. However, for those who identify themselves as bisexual, they suffer significantly more emotional distress, engage in more hypersexual and risky sexual behavior, and more frequently have problems with drugs and alcohol. Homosexuals are engaging in orientation congruent sexual behavior, and heterosexuals in economically validated behavior, but for bisexuals, it seems that working as a male prostitute makes the process of developing a sexual identity more complex and distressing.

Hungary: - From OutUK: "Male prostitution is prevalent in Hungarian gay places, but not really professional." - Male Prostitution in Budapest Hungary: Hustlers, Clients. - HIV risk behavior among male sex workers in Budapest, Hungary (XIV International AIDS Conference, 2002): "A total of 469 men who have sex with men surveyed in Budapest gay community venues in 2001... We analyzed separately the sub-sample of 80 males who exchanged sex for money.... High-risk behavioral practices were common, about 40% of men engaged in unprotected anal intercourse at least once in the past three months. With respect to the past year, 41% said that they had female partners." - Gay Hungary - It's Not Easy to Understand (1999): Male prostitution is prevalent in Hungarian gay places, but not really professional. While young Hungarians do expect to make a profit from selling their favors, they often do not perceive themselves as hustlers, per se. Homelessness and a lack of self-protection concerning HIV are the reasons why the AIDS Foundation Ovegylet set up an outreach project to help Hungarian and Rumanian boys involved in prostitution. But that project, named "Bad Boys," is having problems raising money for a shelter that would provide independent quarters for sleeping, showering, washing and other necessary services for these street boys, most of whom are, in fact gay. The Bad Boys project is distributing condoms and lubricants and doing whatever else they can.

Romania: - Ceausescu's Orphans. - TV Executive and Dozens Others Arrested in Romanian Male Prostitution Row (2011): Almost 30 persons, among which a German citizen and a TV executive from Bucharest have been taken into custody on Thursday, in connection with a male luxury prostitution ring. Zender Klaus, a German national living in Romania for 11 years, is accused of organising the encounters between gay men and male prostitutes – meetings attended, among others, by a journalist and a football player. Prosecutors claim that young men and boys would be brought to a villa in Snagov, close to Bucharest, to entertain other gay men in all-out orgies. These parties would take place on week-ends, mostly, fact confirmed by several neighbours who claim to have seen lots of men coming and going from the house.

Poland: - An Interview with Zbigniew Halat: "Young boys of 10 or 12 hang around outside buses from Germany offering sex for very little money." - Male Prostitution by ENMP.

Sweden: - Sweden: ILGA Eruroletter - "According to press reports Swedish parliament recently passed a law (re-) criminalizing (homo-)sexual relations against payment (punishing those who pay for (homo-)sexual contacts)." - Swedish cleric caught having sex with a male prostitute.  - Male Prostitution by ENMP. - Les jeunes Suédois plus portés sur la prostitution masculine (2012, Translation): On a beaucoup de mal à comprendre pourquoi les jeunes garçons sont plus nombreux que les jeunes filles.

Denmark: -  Country Report: "Male sex- workers offer sex to men on the street, parks, in railway stations, bars, massage parlours, but also through telephone sex lines, through advertisments in newspapers or through escort services. Male prostitutes offer sex to women in cafeterias, in stores, bars and restaurants, through advertising or through escort services."

Latvia: - Male prostitution in Latvia: "The Men’s Health Association, working on HIV and AIDS-related projects surveyed and interviewed approximately 800 men who provide sexual services for money un a three year period between 1998 and 2000... Both service providers and clients, in around 70 per cent of the cases, engage in heterosexual behaviour in their everyday live (Dr. Arturs Vavere, Antons Mozalevskis, 2000)... Men who provide services to men. This is a much larger and more varied group of prostitutes... The lowest level is made up of minors at the age 13-16... Young men for whom prostitution is work – these are men who are usually between 17 and 24 years old... “Sunday prostitutes” are young men aged 16-22...  Those who are looking for sponsors [19-22 years old] – young men who are trying to improve their living conditions by finding and making use of permanent clients... The highest level of prostitution – elite prostitutes... “Little tricksters” makeup specific category – these are young men ages 14-17 who seek out wealthy and more or less well-known men. They purposefully seek to engage the men in sexual activities, then blackmailing them..."

Estonia: - Male Prostitution (Must Scroll).

Lithuania: Tereskinas, Arturas (2011). Sexuality, Social Marginalization and Wounded Masculinity: A Male Sex Worker’s Case. Kultura Ir Visuomene: Socialiniu Tyrimu Zurnalas, 2(2): 37.54. PDF Download. The paper is based on an extensive semi-structured interview with a 27-year old male escort. The interview demonstrates that the Lithuanian sex worker both confirms and deconstructs the traditional male sexual script of erotic adventures (Gagnon and Simon 1973, 1984). On the one hand, he plays an active role both in sexual and non-sexual encounters and tries to look and act like a real man aspiring to the institutional gender script of hegemonic masculinity. On the other hand, he minimizes the risk in dealing with clients by not engaging in an unsafe sex, declining unwanted sexual practices and rejecting drugs. Besides pleasant memories of his generously paying clients who bolstered his sense of self, the escort is susceptible to societal condemnation, stigma, and self-doubt because he clearly considers his work as a conscious deviation from sexual and gender norms. Othering himself, the respondent expresses a subjective feeling of hopelessness and powerlessness that makes him miserable. Both powerlessness and the lack of imaginable future create a sense of his wounded and injured masculinity.

Republic of Georgia: - Secrecy and risk among MSM in Tbilisi, Georgia (2009): Many participants reported engaging in some form of sex trading. Sex trading among MSM was reported to be common, particularly among economically disadvantaged men, many of whom come to Tbilisi in search of work:..

Russia: - HIV risk behavior and risk-related characteristics of young Russian men who exchange sex for money or valuables from other men. Kelly JA, Amirkhanian YA, McAuliffe TL, Dyatlov RV, Granskaya J, Borodkina OI, Kukharsky AA, Kozlov AP. Aid Education and Prevention, 13(2):175-88 (Abstract by PubMed) - Predictors of HIV risk behavior among Russian men who have sex with men: an emerging epidemic. - Russia military to investigate alleged male prostitution of conscript soldiers. - Russian soldiers 'used for sex'. - Sex Slavery And Male Prostitution Plaguing Russian Army (2007, Alternate Link).

Baral S, Kizub D, Masenior NF, Peryskina A, Stachowiak J, Stibich M, Moguilny V, Beyrer C (2010). Male sex workers in Moscow, Russia: a pilot study of demographics, substance use patterns, and prevalence of HIV-1 and sexually transmitted infections. AIDS Care, 22(1): 112-118. Abstract. PDF Download. The Russian federation has been undergoing a concentrated epidemic of HIV-1 with high rates of infection among injecting drug users. Less is known about the relative risk and contribution to the country's HIV epidemic by other at-risk populations including sex workers and men who have sex with men. The goals of this project were to explore demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, and estimate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and high-risk behaviors among male sex workers (MSW) in Moscow and to assess the feasibility of prospective cohort recruitment and retention among this population. Research design was a longitudinal study of 50 men with a six-month follow-up period. Participants were recruited through venue-based and snowball sampling methods. Results revealed an HIV prevalence at baseline of 16%; one MSW seroconverted during the follow-up period, yielding an incidence estimate of 4.8/100PY (95%CI 0.0-11.2). Twenty-four percentage were diagnosed with at least one STI: 12% had syphilis; 8% had Human Papilloma Virus (HPV); and 4% had Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-2. Three (6%) of the study participants had evidence of previous Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) exposure at baseline. Retention rates were poor with higher retention significantly associated with older men (OR: 13.1, 95% CI 3.3-52.5). This was the first study to evaluate baseline demographics, substance use patterns, and prevalence of infectious disease among MSW in Moscow. Identification and recruitment of this population appears to be feasible, but retention a challenge. While the sample size in the current study was small, the results also suggested that this is a population at considerable high risk for HIV. MSW in Moscow may be an important at-risk population in the Russian HIV epidemic and further research is urgently required to address their needs and explore prevention strategies.

Maksimov AM, Holmogorova AB (2011). Social and Psychological Aspects of the Phenomenon of Male Prostitution in the Modern Culture. Cultural-Historical Psychology, 1: 80-89. Abstract: The article presents results of the psychological study of men who have commercial sex with men (MSM CSW). This paper investigates traumatic experiences, personality pathology, life histories and parental images of MSM CSW. The sample consisted of 36 MSM CSW from Russia and developed Western countries. Age of participants ranged from 14 to 20 years. Objectives of the study: general review of the study group based on the examples of Russian and Western respondents, composition of the phenomenological and clinical portraits of the typical representative of this group. Methods used in the study: qualitative semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire on dysfunctional beliefs in the borderline personality disorder. Results: about 65 % of respondents suffer from the borderline personality disorder and all of the respondents have severe traumatic histories; 80 % of the participants report facts of physical or sexual violence in childhood or adolescence. The specifics of parental images of MSM's were shown in the study.

Turkey: - Pushed to the edge: Trannies in Turkey: Gays, transsexuals are on the fringe of the Muslim nation, working only as prostitutes N/A: "About 3,000 transvestites and transsexuals are thought to live in Istanbul. Most are prostitutes who ply their trade on the back streets of Beyoglu, the city's honky-tonk nightclub district, or along one of the major highways leading out of the city... Homosexuality, deeply problematic in most Islamic cultures, also has enjoyed a special niche in Turkey.Cwltikci, or "pretty young boys," were prized in the harems of the Ottoman sultans... For most of Turkey's transvestites and transsexuals, the only way to earn a living is through prostitution. Their clients are generally closet gays who find that the most convenient way to have a sexual encounter with another man is to pick up a transvestite. "If they are caught, they can say, 'I made a mistake, bye-bye.' Or, 'I was drunk, I didn't know, bye-bye,'" Kilic said."

Nocturnal queers: Rent boys’ masculinity in Istanbul (2010): Recently, ‘rent boys’ have become increasingly visible in the queer social spaces of Istanbul. They come from impoverished areas of the city and engage in compensated sex with other men. In this article, I examine how these heterosexually identified rent boys assemble and perform exaggerated masculinity in order to negotiate the tensions between their local socially excluded environments and an burgeoning western-style gay culture while they conduct their ‘risky’ sexual interactions with other men. Exaggerated masculinity repairs and masks the subverting effects of compensated sex for rent boys’ heterosexual subjectivities and makes them closer to the hegemonic ideals of masculinity. Through intense participant observation and 20 recorded interviews with rent boys and their clients, this study demonstrates how rent boys perform an assiduous self-governance through symbols and implicit meanings vis-à-vis different and contradictory class positions, gender identities, and sexual acts.

Greece: "Male Prostitution Trial Begins in Athens." - Male Prostitution by ENMP.

Marocco / Maroc:  Prévention de proximité auprès des hommes impliqués dans des rapports de prostitution au Maroc: "La sexualité entre hommes se place plus dans une problématique de «genre» plutôt que dans une problématique «d’identité sexuelle» telle qu’elle est conçue en occident. Une personne ayant des relations sexuelles avec des personnes du même sexe ne se définira pas pour autant comme homosexuelle; elle est «active» ou «passive», et c’est cela qui définit son identité. Ceci dit, il n’existe, du moins à notre connaissance, aucun concept qui désigne l’hétérosexualité ou la bisexualité dans l’arabe marocain." - Le SIDA et les homosexuels au Maroc: "En l’absence de visibilité d’un milieu "gay" à l’image occidentale, disposant de ses propres lieux de rencontre, l’ALCS a décidé d’approcher le milieu de la prostitution masculine qui constitue la face la plus visible du vécu de l’homosexualité au Maroc. Les premiers contacts dans ce milieu, ont révélé que bien que clandestin, le phénomène de la prostitution masculine semble assez répandu."

Témoignages sur la prostitution masculine au Maroc (2011, Translation): e phénomène urbain appelé aussi "business du sexe" prend de plus en plus d’envergure, et il se vit en toute liberté chaque jour à Casablanca et dans d’autres villes du Maroc, comme Marrakech, Tanger, Essaouira ou Agadir... -  Prostitution masculine: Les travailleurs du sexe (2007, Translation): Un reportage de "La Gazette du Maroc" au sujet de la prostitution masculine au Maroc... Ce qu’il faut savoir aussi, que pour les hommes, il y a deux types de travail, celui qui cache un problème d’ordre psychologique : le type est homosexuel et pour justifier son acte, il le fait pour l’argent, genre : « je ne suis pas homo, je le fais que pour l’argent ». Ce sont là, des jeunes qui peuvent s’en sortir facilement. Mais il y a aussi ceux qui le prennent pour un véritable métier. Les jeunes louent des appartements comme c’est le cas à Marrakech où le phénomène est répandu, ils quittent leurs familles par peur, par rejet, parce qu’ils ont été menacés par les leurs et travaillent de façon régulière. 

Monheim, Myriam (2006). Destins de la prostitution masculine maghrébine. Agenda Interculturel CBAI, n° 239-240 – Janv./Fév.: 32-36. PDF Download. Translation. Download Page. Translation. A la lecture d’une pratique d’aide sociale spécifique, cet article interroge le destin individuel de l’homosexualité masculine, entre mort sociale, hétérosexualité imposée ou simulée, et prostitution... Nous ne procéderons pas à une analyse exhaustive de la sexualité dans la culture maghrébine : sujet bien trop complexe et bien trop vaste pour être traité ici (1). Il s’agira plutôt de mettre en lumière une lecture culturelle du vécu et de la conception de l’orientation sexuelle afin de percevoir toutes les souffrances individuelles. Notons que la société culturelle et religieuse maghrébine n’a pas l’exclusivité de principes moraux et de conduites homophobes (2). Les homosexuel(le)s occidentaux peuvent aussi être aux prises avec une souffrance, une détresse et une solitude très importantes.

Bousfiha S, Fdail M, Abdelhadi M, Owens C (2006). The Perception of Male Prostitution in Morocco.  PDF Download. PDF Download.The paper focused on male prostitutes dealing with male customers, since they are the most numerous. Masculine sex work is not always hidden, but the phenomenon is a taboo subject. It may be related to the Moroccan context which is strongly masculine, an aspect which puts a veil on male prostitution. In addition, the society is Muslim and highly attached to its religious values and principles, which hinder free speech about homosexuality. Data is scarce concerning this phenomenon because it is kept concealed by those who benefit from it.

Egypt: - Hamada, Souad (2008). Men selling sex in Cairo and Alexandria: perspectives on male sex work and AIDS in Egypt. Master's Dissertation, The American University in Cairo. PDF Download Page. A qualitative approach was used to study the etiology of male sex work in Egypt and report on issues related to sexual identity, sociodemographic characteristics, and work and HIV contexts of male sex workers. Seven male sex workers aged between 17 and 37 were interviewed in Cairo and Alexandria...  In this study, sex workers mainly identified themselves following the "feminine vs. masculine" pattern where sexuality is defined according to the domination by or reception of the penis in the sex act. Only one identified himself as 'gay'. Different modalities of sex work were reported ranging between street sex work and arrangement of sex through friends and regular clients by mobile phones. However, most informants refused to consider sex work an occupation and preferred to call it a "source of income".

Israel: Young Male Street Workers: Life Histories and Current Experiences (2005) .

Sex Worker Outreach Project: "SWOP focuses on safety, dignity, diversity and the changing needs of sex industry workers, to foster an environment which enables and affirms individual choices and occupational rights." 

"Sex Work' section in Gay and homosexually active Aboriginal men in Sydney: Sex Practices.- Newsletter of the AIDS Council of South Australia Inc: Report on the Male Sex Worker Focus Group N/A.(Section on Sex Workers) - South Australian Sex Industry Network (SIN). - A profile of the clients of male sex workers in three Australian cities. - Out of a group of 13 gay street kids who, by an early age, were being passed around by abusive men, only 3 survived to the age of about 30 - most by violent suicides, OD's, and AIDS. - Exploring the Interpersonal Relationships in Street-Based Male Sex Work: Results from an Australian Qualitative Study (2007).

Marsden: passing parade of names N/A: "Those sitting in the public gallery over the 136 days this matter has been running have heard a passing parade of names in connection with under-age sexual activities revolving around  Costello's, a nightclub open in the '70s and early '80s where men went to pick up young boys for sex... Others named have included Mr Tony Shenkwin, Mr Joe (Josie) Westwood, solicitor Mr Trevor Beasley and the late Mr Tony Bevan. Yesterday, former journalist Mr Simon Davies was said to have been involved in a shelter for homeless children which he would use to procure young boys. And also getting a mention yesterday was Karl Malden, the American actor famed for TV's Streets of San Francisco and his later ads for American Express  where he urges the viewer: "Don't leave home without it."

Many male prostitutes mature and educated, study shows: "The University of New England study was based on the sexual encounters of 192 male prostitutes with 1,700 clients in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane." - Community Policing and On-Street Prostitution in the Kings Cross Police Patrol (PDF Download): The transsexuals prostituting themselves on-street in the Kings Cross Police Patrol area are usually aged around thirty¾considerably older than their female counterparts... The majority of adult male street prostitutes are younger than their female counterparts and their age range is between 18 and 26..." - Transsexual prostitution in New Zealand: Predominance of persons of Maori extraction.

Project supports male sex workers. "The goal of the new service is to provide male sex workers with the same resources currently available to female prostitutes working in the area. This means access to counselling and legal services and to health, safety, employment and educational advice." - SCARLET MEN: by male sex workers, for male sex workers.

Community Panel on Prostitution (PDF Download): Submission by the West Australian Branch of the Australian Association of Social Workers May 1990 - "Even though male prostitution may appear to be less frequent in this State, it may merely be 'invisible' because it has not been subject to nearly the same degree of control as applied to female prostitution in this State: Acott & Hewett (1987)."

Ings, Welby (2003). Light mannered men: a historical overview of male prostitution in New Zealand [changes in the argot and nature of male prostituion in New Zealand: 1867-1990]. Presentation at the “Going all the way” - an event to reflect on New Zealand’s decriminalisation of prostitution in 2003, Wellington, New Zealand. PPT Download. Download Page. Based on interviews and oral history recordings of 50 men whose employment in the sex trade, or use of male sex workers has spanned 85 years.

Ings, Welby (2011). Docker, Poofter, Rorter & Privates: A Historical Overview of Male Prostitution in New Zealand. PDF Download. References: Ings, W. (2010) Trolling the Beat to Working the Soob: changes in the language of the male sex worker in New Zealand. International Journal of Lexicography. Vol. 23, (1) pp. 55-82. - Ings, W. (due for publication Jan. 2012). Changes in Rent: a historical metamorphosis of the New Zealand male prostitute. Women's History Review. Routledge. UK.

Commercial Sex Between Men: A Prospective Diary-Based Study (Full Text) - by Victor Minichiello (Journal of Sex Research, May 2000): "The data reported in this study were collected using a diary which male sex workers (MSWs) completed after each commercial sexual encounter with a male client over a 2-week period... The instrument was developed after consultations with three sex workers' organisations: the Sex Workers Outreach Project (SWOP) in Sydney... The total number of sex workers who completed the diary over the 2-week period was 186.."

Beyer, a transsexual and male prostitute who shucked off her past to become Mayor of Carterton is now aspiring to become Wairarapa’s MP. - Men sex workers and other men who have sex with men: how do their HIV risks compare in New Zealand? "We do find the sex workers to be different, however, in their being less likely to engage in safe sex practices. We provide an explanation for why this has not lead to their having a higher rate of seropositivity." - The Sex Industry in New Zealand: A Literature Review. - New Zealand’s National Plan Of Action Against The Commercial Sexual Exploitation Of Children.  (PDF Download).  NZ: Child Prostitution in New Zealand (PDF Download): "Of the 194 child prostitutes in the ECPAT NZ survey, 10% were 12 years old or under, 15% were 13 years old, 20% were 14 years old and 30% were 15 years old (Saphira, 2001). It was not known at what age they had started sex work. At least 21% were recorded as male but it is unclear whether some were transgender." 

Young people more vulnerable to problems (Feb. 25, 2001): "In Fiji the number of young gay male prostitutes has also increased in recent years. Peter Sipeli, an activist with the Sexual Minorities Group in Suva, says that many boys who are rejected by their families turn to prostitution to survive.  "Many young boys face total rejection from their families because of their sexuality. Their young age and their lack of life skills pushes them into prostitution," he said."

ASIA:

Wangulu EF (2009). Male sex workers : the forgotten minority in south-east Asia. Exchange on HIV/AIDS, sexuality and gender, 2: 11-13. Reference. PDF Downloiad. Male prostitution is practised in all advanced cultures. It is the sale of sexual services by a man, whose sexual orientation may not correspond with the gender or sexual act(s) of his customer. Compared to female prostitutes, male sex workers (MSW) have been far less studied. While studies suggest differences between the ways these two groups view their work, more research is needed on MSW in order to stem the tide of the HIV and AIDS pandemic. [The most conservative estimates for 2006 show there are at least 10 million men who have sex with men (MSM) in Asia-Pacific who are several times more infectious than the general adult population. Data in Asia show that without interventions, male-to-male sex will become one of the main sources of new HIV infections. Health services for male sex workers (MSW) and transgender people are almost non-existent in the region. HIV prevalence levels among this group have reached as high as 7% in Pakistan, l18% in Andhra Pradesh, India; 15% in Phnom Penh, Cambodia; and 28% in Bangkok, Thailand.]

China: - Sexual Work and Its Public Policies in China. - Hustling in China as reported in the 1983/89 book, Crystal Boys, which also supplies information about the world-wide phenomenon of boy-loving "sugar daddies". (Some Related Information) - Process and Development of Becoming Male Sex Workers in Chiang Mai Province: "The sample group, 10 male sex workers working in gay bars in Chiang Mai Province, was purposively selected. The data were collected by participant observations, informal interviews and group discussions... the starting point of entering the sex worker profession was the youngsters' acceptance of the violation of social rules about sex... Since their sexual behaviors violated the social rules about sex of the main society, the youngsters had to learn to adapt to their new way of living. They learned to follow the rules and adapt to the culture of their "new" social group although their rules and culture were different from those of the main society. The youngsters learned to adapt themselves to the "new" culture through interactions with those with similar careers." - Hazards of male prostitution. - Bar owner jailed 8 years for gay prostitution. - Comparative study of behavioral features of men sex workers with homosexual and bisexual orientations (2010). - China’s Male Prostitutes (2009): In his short video “China’s Male Prostitutes,”  [Alternate Link] Tom Bannigan interviews two male prostitutes and Tong Ge from the Beijing Gender Health Education Institute in an exploration of the male sex industry in China, From Current TV. - Transgression: Guangxi police surprised by cross-dressing prostitutes (2012): Police in Nanning, the regional capital of Guangxi in southern China, on Jan. 7 arrested 14 male prostitutes posing as women in the city's Chaoyang marketplace. Authorities had been receiving complaints about prostitution, gambling and robberies in the marketplace from residents from last November. Almost 70 police officers raided the marketplace on Jan. 7, finding many prostitutes with long hair and slim figures soliciting on the street.

How Much Are China’s Male Prostitutes ‘Selling Smiles’ For? (2010): There’s no material difference between what male sex workers like Jo-Vanni Roman in the United States do, versus their counterparts in China. But there, in cities like Shanghai, the vast network of “money boys” is operated by fly-by-night websites and mobile phone numbers, where out-call “massages” are offered for about USD$73 for a “quickie” or $88 for the whole night. It’s a business of “selling smiles,” as it’s known, and involves workers moving from one crowded house to another, to keep clientele from viewing the offerings as stale. At least one pimp claims to take only about $15 per service rendered, a decent fee compared to America’s small businessmen. In a good month, prostitution will earn a worker around $300 — about twice the national average for all Chinese workers. - Gay life of a male prostitute (2010): He found office work boring so despite his well-to-do family background on the mainland, Daniel took up the sex trade. Ming Yeung reports. When Daniel, 33, decided to explore the gay world in 2000, he never thought he would eventually enter the oldest profession of mankind - prostitution. The medium-built and sun-tanned young man from Anhui province asked to be identified only by his first name and declined any photos, but he spoke candidly about his life as a sex worker, offering a rare glimpse into a common subculture that is being overlooked in modern society. Daniel claimed he was not sensitive to his sexual orientation when he was a boy. Driven by curiosity, he sought out gay photos online back in 1998, back when Internet access was still new to him. Soon he found some friends with similar taste. After about two years of nine-to-five office work in Shanghai, Daniel was bored. He decided to try a more exciting life. He uploaded his photograph to a compensated-dating website. His first customer soon appeared. It wasn't very glamorous. He was paid 1,000 yuan, a fair amount at that time. In 2006, Daniel arrived in Hong Kong seeking to ply his trade. He had already chatted with some potential customers on instant messaging services before setting out. Daniel arrives periodically on a 7-day permit. He attends up to five clients charging HK$600-800 each time. Daniel is pleased that he can earn a living in Hong Kong without a working visa. He works from hotel rooms. Sometimes he takes his customers to his hostel, where he pays HK$150 a day... Most male sex workers (MSWs), like Daniel, have chosen their vocation voluntarily. "I think men turn to prostitution for many reasons. But as far as I know, no one has done this against their will or owing to their financial backgrounds," Daniel said. "Some of them do it because they want to make more money, though." ...

Cai WD, Zhao J, Zhao JK, Raymond HF, Feng YJ, Liu J, McFarland W, Gan YX, Yang ZR, Zhang Y, Tan JG, Wang XR, He ML, Cheng JQ, Chen L (2010). HIV prevalence and related risk factors among male sex workers in Shenzhen, China: results from a time-location sampling survey. Sexually transmitted Infections, 6(8): e23431. Abstract. PDF Download. In total, 394 MSW were recruited for the survey. The prevalence of HIV and syphilis among these workers was 5.3% and 14.3%, respectively. Only a quarter of the MSW self-identified as homosexual. More than 70% had sex with both men and women. HIV-related knowledge levels were high regardless of HIV serostatus. Consistent condom use was low (37.1%) and varied by type of sexual partner. Factors including more non-commercial male partners, working in small home-based family clubs, being drunk before sexual intercourse, having a history of HIV tests, syphilis infection and a short period of residence in Shenzhen were associated with an increased risk of HIV infection. High-risk sexual practices were common among MSW regardless of their high level of HIV awareness. The working venues were associated with HIV infection and a recent test for HIV was a potential predictor of HIV infection. The time-location sampling method was found to be an appropriate way of recruiting MSW for this study, especially those without fixed working places.

Not a Juicy Story: Identity Management of Chinese Male Sex Workers (Travis Shiu Ki Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "This article contributes to both men's studies and the sociology of work by examining how male identity is reconciled in the context of commercial sex work, based on ethnographic research on Chinese male sex workers. Inspired by a post-structuralist turn in theories on gender and sexuality (i.e., queer theory), I argue that male sex work can be seen as a platform for male sex workers to experience polymorphous sexual desires and permit them to destabilize relatively fixed and mutually exclusive identities (e.g., men/women or heterosexual/homosexual) that are constantly held in check. A male sex worker fashions a work persona that navigates between the living embodiment of the client's fantasies, governed by a temporary contract set in monetary terms, and his own gender and sexual identities, confined under the constructs of (hegemonic) masculinity and (compulsory) heterosexuality, and resolves any conflicts that might arise from it. Male sex work should be seen as a contested and negotiated arena of power, and the male sex worker as a strategic identity that is subject to the interplay among personal biographies, culture and power." - Meng X, Anderson AF, Wang L, Li Z, Guo W, Lee Z, Jin H, Cai Y (2010). An exploratory survey of money boys and HIV transmission risk in Jilin Province, PR China. AIDS Research and Therapy, 7: 17. PDF Download. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

Ecumenical Pre-Conference: Faith in Action – Keeping the Promise - Plenary - Marginalized Groups and the Response to HIV (Word Download): "The prevention work has also been extended to male sex workers – in China they are named as “Money Boys”. We pick up some relationship with brothel owners so that we gain entry into the establishment to run the prevention programme. Our peer educators are mobilised to distribute materials, condoms and lubricants to the male sex workers. As I said before, our effort has also been extended to female sex workers. Similar to our work among MSM and also male sex workers we solicited support from brothel owners and we trained up some peer educators to help deliver the preventive education as well as the materials including condoms. With all these years of continued effort among these two socially marginalised communities, the CDC has successfully established a very good and trustful relationship with them. Doctors of the CDC are taken as friends – they have been invited to join the ping pong or the basketball competition of the MSM groups. Our trained female sex workers will initiate conversation with male sex workers and refer them to the CDC for professional assistance."

‘Money boys’ become currency of pimps (2005): Bing Bing is at the centre of the Dalian money boy world, connecting hundreds of clients with more than 30 “children” on his books. He says he keeps six of the best prostitutes as long-term contractors, while the rest rotate through different pimps in town or between different cities. This is a practice called “full-mooning”. Insiders say up to 80 per cent of the money boys are not homosexuals but poor young men prostituting themselves simply to make money. And there is great demand for their services... A source from Shenyang says Guangdong panderers sometimes go to the northeast to help meet demand there. But he says that a new trend is that of southern pimps flying in “well-trained, excellent” money boys directly from northeast China when “the trade is too brisk” in Guangdong. “There is already a well-developed employment market and professional agents for prostitutes,” he said. Bing Bing said he did not keep tabs on the whereabouts of the “full-mooned” boys. Rather than operating under the guise of a sauna, massage parlour or karaoke bar, Bing Bing runs his business by maintaining five apartments which also serve as workplaces for the prostitutes... “My customers are from all walks of life, including officials, police, university professors and businessmen. Some only hire my ‘children’ because they trust me,” Bing Bing said with pride. Mu Yang, head of the grassroots gay organisation Dalian Rainbow, said customers tended to go directly through pimps such as Bing Bing to hide their identities. Mr Mu said the clients feared being blackmailed or threatened by the money boys if they hired them themselves.

Jeffreys, Elaine (2007). Querying Queer Theory: Debating Male-Male Prostitution in the Chinese Media. Critical Asian Studies, 39(1): 151-175. PDF Download. This article examines media publicity surrounding the case of Li Ning—a 34-year-old native of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, who made legal history in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on 17 October 2004 when he was sentenced to eight years jail and fined 60,000 yuan for organizing male-male prostitution services in a recreational business enterprise. Reportedly the first conviction of its kind, the case proved to be controversial for three reasons. First, it prompted legal debate over the nature of China’s recent shift to a “rule of law” and associated conceptions of due legal process and individual and sexual rights. Second, it intimated that homosocial prostitution—male-male prostitution in which neither participant may self-identify as homosexual—is an integral but frequently neglected component of China’s burgeoning, albeit banned, sex industry. Finally, it raised questions regarding the perceived appropriate parameters of same-sex sexual conduct in a country facing rapidly increasing rates of HIV/AIDS infection. An examination of media coverage of these concerns suggests that accusations of official homophobia in the PRC are overstated: they elide the specificity of debates on homosexuality in present-day China due to their overarching concern withWestern understandings of sexuality as constitutive of selfhood and (rightful) sociopolitical identity. 

Kong TS (2008). Risk factors affecting condom use among male sex workers who serve men in China: a qualitative study. Sexually Transmitted infection, 84(6): 444-8. Abstract. PDF Download.  Between 2004 and 2005, 30 MSW were interviewed (Beijing n = 14; Shanghai n = 16). The MSW in this study were mainly single, young, homosexual, rural migrants with secondary education. None practised safer sex in their home towns. Until they migrated to big cities and entered the sex industry, they did not develop safer sex practices. They reported high condom use at work, but more than half of them (n = 17) had not been tested for HIV. Four factors, derived from the interviews and correlated to their rural background, sexual orientation and sex work identity, put MSW at risk of HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STI): incorrect AIDS knowledge; economic hardship; homosexual orientation and over-trusting in sexual relationships. MSW, a distinctive but often neglected group in both studies and sentinel surveillance among the MSM population in China, deserve special attention. There is not only potential for HIV/STI infection among the MSM population but also for infecting the general public. Education and prevention programmes should take their three major interlocking identities: rural migrant, sex worker and homosexual into consideration in social, cultural and economic contexts in China.

Ting, Ming-hao (2009). The study on the male to male sex workers in Shanghai China. Master's Dissertation, College of Commerce, National Chengchi University. Download Page. After interviewing with the 15 MB, the author has learned more from examining the circumstances of male-to-male sex workers (sex or sexual) who are willing to engage in the male-to-male sex trade and also willing to held a traditional marriage, from the three perspectives of their sexual orientation, economic status and overall social environment. (A) From the sexual orientation point of view. Among the male-to-male sex workers (sex or sexual) in this study with the exception of one participant who was a heterosexual, the majority of the participants in this interview were all homosexuals staying in the closet. And many of the MBs in the countryside share common formative sexual experiences with other boys, such as sleeping together and masturbation…etc. In the more densely populated countryside where living conditions are relatively poor, it is quite common to see many boys sleeping together in one room, thereby increasing the opportunity for the boys to develop intimate contact. Therefore in light of their formative experiences, the ways they grew up actually contributed to these MB’s acceptance of the male-to-male sex trade. (B) From the economics point of view. All of the research subjects had indicated that the main reason for becoming an MB was to make money. Money became the focal point of these MB’s lifestyles because they had grown up in very poor rural areas and suffered from the pressures of an impoverished environment and unfair society. For recently-graduated students from the rural areas, the education which they have received at great expense is still not comparable with those students graduated from the city. Moreover, China is a social-networking or so-called “guanxi” in Chinese. Rural families often find absolutely no connections to help them find jobs. As a result, graduation spells unemployment. And consequently under great economic pressures, many rural youths go to Shanghai in search of their fortunes. However as they run into brick walls and run out of resources, selling their bodies becomes an easy way to increasing their wealth and a means of survival. (C) From the social environment point of view. Chinese people have stepped away from communism due to the development of capitalism. The emergence of the commodity economy society enables people to pursue a material life and leave virtues of contented living behind.

Tao X, Gai R, Zhang N, Zheng W, Zhang X, Xu A, Li S (2010). HIV infection and mental health of "money boys": a pilot study in Shandong Province, China. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 41(2): 358-68. Abstract. PDF Download. A pilot study was conducted in eight cities of Shandong Province, China to examine the seroprevalence of HIV and syphilis infection, and the mental health of "money boys" who were recruited by respondent-driven sampling and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The prevalence of the HIV-positive among money boys was 5.1%. Factors associated with the infection were having sex with women in the past 6 months (p < 0.05) and suffering STD-like symptoms (p < 0.01). The prevalence of syphilis was 10.2%. There were 77.2% participants engaged in such an occupation for economic survival. The prevalence of anxiety and depression among money boys was 46.6% and 68.1%, respectively. Heterosexual money boys were more likely to suffer from such mental symptoms. This study revealed the urgent need for interventions for HIV/AIDS control, together with mental counseling, targeting this vulnerable population.

Book casts light on hidden world of male sex workers. - The Other Side of the Coin: Male Prostitution in Chiang Mai.

Hong Kong: - More Than a Sex Machine: Accomplishing Masculinity Among Chinese Male Sex Workers in the Hong Kong Sex Industry. - Gay life of a male prostitute (2010).

Kong, Travis SK (2009). More Than a Sex Machine: Accomplishing Masculinity Among Chinese Male Sex Workers in the Hong Kong Sex Industry. Deviant Behavior, 30(8): 715-745. Abstract. PDF Download. Situated in the masculinity and deviance literature, this article examines a “deviant” masculinity, that of the male sex worker, and presents the ways men who engage in sex work cope with the job. Based on in-depth interviews of Chinese male sex workers (n = 18) in the Hong Kong sex industry, I argue that the stigma management techniques these men employ are simultaneously gender strategies they use to accomplish masculinity. It is through this process that they negotiate a masculine identity within the hierarchy of masculinities in order to become “respectable” and “responsible” Chinese men. - HIV behavioural risks and the role of work environment among Chinese male sex workers in Hong Kong (2012): Male sex workers are a highly marginalised group in Hong Kong and it is increasingly so with an influx of them travelling from mainland China to work as "freelance" sex workers. This study aimed to measure important work environment variables that might affect the likelihood of condom use among male sex workers working in Hong Kong. A cross-sectional survey of 161 participants recruited by snowball and convenience sampling methods through outreach workers of a local non-governmental organization was conducted in 2007-2008. Only 27.4%, 54.7% and 42.6% reported consistent condom use when engaging in oral, anal and vaginal sex, respectively.

Japan: -  Growing male prostitution in Japan gets serious analysis on this documentary. - Gay sex worker traffickers arrested: Police yesterday arrested a group of traffickers who allegedly recruited Korean men and transgenders and illegally transported them to Japan to work in the sex industry there...

Bangladesh: - Underage Prostitution - Many of Bangladesh's street children engage in prostitution and one-third of the prostitutes are boys... - Bangladesh: Revealing an Underworld Network: Male prostitution in Ramna. - Perverted Sexuality, Physicians Panicky - Male Sex Workers and HIV Prevention (Dilruba Karim) N/A: "A good number from among these sex workers came to us for medical advice. On interrogation they informed that they were involved in regular practice of prostitution in various apartments and hotels. Most of these male sex workers are adolescents and youths... We have noticed many rootless children and teen aged boys in the city parks who are being used as sex workers... The newspaper report then continues with the case study of two male sex worker brothers who are deaf and dumb and are in their mid twenties." -

Bangladesh's gay prostitutes take a step out of the closet: "But male sex workers are worried less about court action than about physical attacks. Many of the prostitutes are quickly singled out for being effeminate. Milan, 20, said he left home when his family learned of his orientation. After renting his first house on his own he was forced to move out when the owners also discovered his lifestyle. "My family did not accept my way of life as they noticed I was feminine and so I started prostitution to feed myself. What else could I do?" he asked. Milan said he has been beaten publicly -- and that the assailants would secretly come to him later for sex..."

Dhaka forced to face sex taboos (Bangladesh, Arshad Mahmud). Sept. 21, 1999 South China Morning Post: SOUTH ASIA TODAY: "It is not difficult to find male "sex workers" in the city. Each evening they can be seen loitering at busy intersections and parks that are well-known pick-up points... Incidence began its work three years ago after conducting a study that revealed young boys, mostly poor and homeless, were being increasingly used as sex workers." - The Shadow Citizens: "In the Dhaka University dorms, cases of young boys being kept as "regulars" are well known. Male prostitutes are available in most towns. And in rural areas, homosexuality is generally considered something that young people do for fun and some elders may do in secret."

Ali AKMM, Sarkar R (2006). The Boys and the Bullies: A Situational Analysis Report on Prostitution of Boys in Bangladesh. Ratchathewi, Bangkok: ECPAT International in collaboration with INCIDIN Bangladesh. PDF Download. As these studies demonstrate, prostitution of boys in general is not a new phenomenon. It has existed and been manifested in different ways for a long time. In fact, the sexual exploitation of boys thrives in many countries, taking place in locales such as streets, markets, bus terminals, hotels, restaurants, religious places, etc. Thus these studies in essence demonstrate and confirm that a large number of boys living and or working on the street are victims of sexual exploitation and they indicate that this phenomenon remains largely unreported, under-reported or misreported... The legal framework at present does little to provide any protection to the sexually exploited boys based on the provisions of CRC (Article: 1, 4, 12, 13, 17, 19, 34 and 39), rather it puts them at risk of being prosecuted under the sodomy act, if they seek justice regarding sexual exploitation, at the court of law.

Behavioral Surveillance Surveys (BSS) Bangladesh 1998 and 2000: "...60 percent of hijra sex workers and 16 percent of male sex workers had been forced into sex by police or street thugs the previous year... Among the 21 percent of rickshaw pullers reporting anal intercourse in the past week, only 17 percent used condoms. A high proportion of the bisexual activity among truckers took place with hijras who themselves report extremely low condom use. Anal intercourse as a risk factor is not confined to male-to-male sex; 46 percent of Dhala’s female street sex workers and 39 percent of the brothel sex workers also report anal intercourse the previous week... Male sex workers appear to be improving their levels of safer sex in response to prevention programs." - Male sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Risk reduction through effective intervention (PDF Download): In the first qualitative study, 316 MSM were recruited through personal networks of 6 trained interviewers associated with a community-based organization in Dhaka (the Bandhu Social Welfare Society, hereafter called Bandhu). Of these, 47%, or 147 were MSWs, defined as currently selling sex for cash. Gift exchanges were not considered commercial unless cash was also involved as a mode of making a living... The second study, which was the first wave of BSS, consisted of a convenience sample of 407 MSM in Dhaka, of whom 207 were current MSWs (defined as selling sex for cash within the past week). This was obtained at 43 locations around the city during May, 1998. Most men were interviewed at or near cruising sites (public locations at which men can find potential sexual partners), such as parks and shrines..."

India: India (Self-) Imposed Marginalities: Geographies of  Commercially and Sexually Exploited Male Children in Bangalore, India N/A (Word 97 Download, or access for download at Index Page N/A) - by CHANDRAN Vinay and BALACHANDRA Chandra Shekhar, The Indian Institute of Geographical Studies). - Gays, male prostitutes under police scanner. - KABP study of male sex workers and masseurs in Mumbai Metro-India (XIV International AIDS Conference, 2002): "A total of 120 MSW`s were interviewed... Ever been forced to have sex with a man: 87% frequently forced. Conclusions: need to adopt safe sex practices, trained in condom negotiations skills. To develop a model for continuum of care for MSW and malishwalas who are HIV positive." - Reducing risk of STI/HIV among Male Sex Workers (MSW) and their clients and high risk males on and around truckstops in Mumbai. - Male sex workers in Mumbai-Epidemiological and clinical study (PPT Download). - Male sex workers in India (Video).  - Understanding Male Sex Workers & Men That Have Sex With Men In India (Video). - On Becoming a Male Sex Worker in Mysore: Sexual Subjectivity, “Empowerment,” and Community-Based HIV Prevention Research (2009). - The boy zone (2010, Alternate Link): From gigolos to strippers, nautch dancers to maalishwalas, male prostitution is becoming alarmingly common. However, it’s still a phenomenon that’s pretty much swept under the carpet.

Experiences of sexual coercion among street boys in Bangalore, India (PDF Download): "Older boys, 15 years and above, often force or entice younger boys, some as young as 6 years old, to have anal sex. Younger boys are afraid and upset when they are “forced”, but do not see how they can avoid the older boys. The older boys threaten to beat them or ostracize them. In many cases the younger boys are dependent on the older boys for protection. Older boys also entice younger boys with money, food or empty bottles that can be sold. They may also take them to a movie or give them “solution”. Street boys hesitated to express fear, and some said that over time they had become used to the idea of being forced. In one narrative, a 12 year-old boy described how he is no longer afraid when boys “force” him. In his own words:..." - Research by Samabhavana Society: K.A.B.P. 2001 - Study on male sex workers and massuers in Mumbai Metro (PDF Download). - 2003 - Sexual behavior of male sex workers & Masseurs with their male/female clients/partners in Mumbai, Maharashtra (PDF Download).. - 2005 - General survey of literature on the media construction of male sex work & masseurs in India (PDF Download). - Male professionals double as sex workers for extra income. - Male sex workers in Mumbai to get training in vocational courses.

Male Sex Work in Chennai (2003: PPT Download): "Since the male sex workers of low socioeconomic status could be accessed more easily than those in middle and upper socioeconomic status, this presentation mainly depicts the male sex workers of lower socioeconomic status and especially those who identify as ‘Kothi’... Clients of male sex workers: Almost all the clients of MSW belonging to lower socioeconomic status are males. These male clients may be upper/middle class gay men or men who have sex with men (with out any identity). Rarely, MSW might be picked up by a couple (husband and wife) to have sex with both. The male clients of MSW come from different backgrounds – unskilled laborers, skilled (drivers, etc.), professionals (doctors, engineers, etc.), celebrities of film industry, etc... MSW usually says that they can able to separate ‘sex work’ from their private lives. However many do not deny that they do ‘enjoy’ having sex with their commercial male partners too. Some MSW have mentioned that if a client is good-looking and attractive, they might ‘charge’ lesser [lesser money] or even don’t ‘charge’ so that they don’t loose that ‘client’... Wives/female partners of MSW: Many MSW ultimately get married to a female and might continue with male sex work either part-time or full-time. Female partners of MSW often do not know that their husbands/lovers also have sex with males... All types of sexual practices are practiced by MSW. Common: Oral sex and masturbation. However, significant proportion also have anal sex (receptive /insertive)... " - Male sex workers: Are we ignoring a risk group in Mumbai, India?

Tim Mackay (2001). Sexual Health Of Males In South Asia Who Have Sex With Other Males: Results of  Situational Assessments in Four Cities in India and Bangladesh (Word 97 Download): "A large number of the khotis, on average 40% across the four cities, reported selling sex as a consequence of poverty. A smaller proportion described themselves as a “male sex worker”. Frequency of sexual transactions ranged from once per week to ten clients in one day. Khotis reported that receptive anal sex was the most common request, although they were occasionally asked to penetrate the client... Though not studied in the assessments there were anecdotal reports of middle class “gay” sex workers. They were described as seeking greater consumer purchasing power and retaining a masculine identity. Of the 200 respondents in each city 62 reported being paid for sex in Hyderabad, 60 in Bangalore, 72 in Pondicherry and 56 in Sylhet. The number of paid sex acts by all of these males in the previous month totalled 10,493. The average number of paid sex acts in the previous month per respondent who was paid for sex was approximately 40 in Hyderabad, 20 in Bangalore, 17 in Pondicherry and 106 in Sylhet. Around 52%-54% of these acts in each city involved receptive anal sex. Condom usage in the most recent 5 paid sex acts was reported as “never” by 40% in Hyderabad, 34% in Bangalore, 92% in Pondicherry and 52% in Sylhet.  It was reported as “all times” by 12% in Hyderabad, 27% in Bangalore, 1% in Pondicherry and 9% in Sylhet.

Lahiri A, Kar S (2007). Dancing Boys: Traditional Prostitution of Young Males in India. Situational Assessment Report on Adolescents and Young Boys Vulnerable to Forced Migration, Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation In India. PDF Download. PDF Download. In India adolescents and young gender variant boys, male with feminine demeanor that is effeminate males/ males with feminine gender construction are victims of social stigma and gross human rights violations, and as a result face serious barriers to joining mainstream occupations. This has led to a situation where, in the absence of any other alternative, many join the “hijra” (eunuch) community and undergo illegal, secret and crude castration operations at great risk to their lives. Anecdotal evidence puts the number of deaths due to castration at 50% of those operated upon by Dai, quacks and “surgeons” with questionable credentials. In alternative they join the troop as a Luanda dancer- the traditional dancing boys and migrate to Bihar and Uttar Pradesh and in the name of dancing in the rituals forced into prostitution and face brutal violence. Their livelihood option as Hijra or as folk entertainers put them at grave risk of physical assaults and violence, sometimes leading to death, sexual harassment, sexual abuse and rape, other hate crimes and increasingly now, risk of HIV infection. In spite of traditionally accepted but marginal social space from ancient times and a visible presence during festivals, celebrations and public ceremonies, this boys have never been recognized as a vulnerable and at risk population with special needs with regard to basic rights of survival, development and protection as laid out in the United nations convention on the rights of the child (UNCRC).

Thappa DM, et al. (2008). Homosexuality in India. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases & AIDS, 29: 59-62. Abstract & Download. PDF Download.  According to Ashok Row-Kavi, a self-acclaimed homosexual activist, the number of exclusively or predominantly homosexual men in India may be over 50 million. A vast majority of them are married and living with their wives. A culturally identifiable group known by the Urdu term "hijra" lives in most parts of India and are known to depend, at least partly, for their livelihood on working as male prostitutes. Most hijras are castrated males and dress as females. In addition to a large section of the hijra community, there are many full-time or part-time male prostitutes in India. Some of them live in red-light areas of metropolitan cities; many seek male clients by offering massage services in parks, beaches, hotels, and houses. Male prostitution is increasingly visible in India. In Delhi there are as many as twenty "agencies" offering "handsome masseurs" in the classifieds of the newspapers (Hindustan Times).

Sri Lanka: Boy sex horror: Boys trained for sex trade. (Alternate link: Boys trained for sex trade - Must scroll) "In a dimly lit room of a sleazy hotel in Hikkaduwa a group of boys, the eldest not more than 14, wait patiently for their names to be called. The children have come to the hotel mostly of their own accord... So, sex between male and male is no big deal for the local populace, and what's even more interesting is that it rakes in huge sums of money..." - Sun-Surf-Sex Tourism: "However, the most injurious among the ill-effects of tourism is the explosion of child prostitution. It is estimated there are over 5000 child prostitutes in Sri Lanka today, most of them boys in the 7 to 16 age group." - Sri Lanka fishermen hooked on prostitution, people smuggling (Must Scroll). - by Amal Jayasinghe, COLOMBO, June, 2001 (AFP) "I am of the view that boy prostitution is associated with the decline of the coastal fishing economy and the failure of the  local economy to offer alternative sources of cash income comparable to what was earned before. "Male prostitution is an activity that brings this kind of income," the minister said at a recent seminar here. - Male prostitution due to fall in fishing economy.

Sri Lanka's Beach Boys: Soft Targets for HIV: "Ask Priyanga, a boy from Balapitiya, a beach resort 90 km south of Colombo and one of Sri Lanka's tourist hot-spots. Since dropping out of school a year ago, he has been providing 'services' of sexual nature to older male tourists in the area to support his family... Children, young males providing commercial sexual services to local and foreign paedophiles have been considered one of Sri Lanka's major high risk groups. Despite the low prevalence of HIV in the island's population, NGOs warn that the country is sitting on a potential time bomb... But the same industry is often blamed for the prolific growth in boy sex workers on the beaches. Estimates of the numbers vary. The government's figure of 30,000 child prostitutes is disputed by many of the reputed NGOs working with the "beach boys," as they are popularly called. They charge that the numbers are exaggerated. "We believe that a more realistic figure would be less than 10,000... Some social workers are of the opinion that many of these children should not be treated as victims, since they go willingly and earn money from the encounters. A detailed research on health needs of sexually exploited children in Sri Lanka by PEACE and SIDA (Swedish International Development Agency) states: "The twenty children (interviewed) did not show signs of anger and hostility…..the researches felt that they were seasoned, thick-skinned with greed for monetary gains.. Contracting STD or AIDS did not bother them nor was it a matter to be given serious thought."

No stray dogs - An empowerment programme in Sri Lanka: "The sex workers are very much concerned with their personal empowerment. I was informed by the male sex workers who attended a workshop organised by Companions on a Journey (a project aimed at gays in Sri Lanka) of their concern of their own future. They raised the issue of being rejected by their clients for a younger sex worker or for one with ‘a better personality’. They insist on alternative skills development training to achieve personal empowerment. I hope and believe that this strategy will be addressed in all projects targeting sex workers. As a lot of economically underprivileged members of the gay community in Sri Lanka earn their living as male sex workers, we must pay attention to their needs whilst designing programmes and include them in programme designing as well as programme implementation processes."

Pakistan: - (Research Report No 11: Adolescents and Reproductive Health - A Literature Review is available as PDF File Download from www.popcouncil.org/): "Male Child Prostitution In Pakistan male prostitutes are believed to be cheaper for clients than female prostitutes. The prime age for male prostitutes is 15-25. (Fayyazuddin et al. 1998) It is likely that even less is known about their working environment and specific problems because the social taboos for boys admitting to sex with male clients are even greater than for girls. Preliminary findings of Sahil’s (1998) own research into male child prostitution in northern Punjab show that the children are usually runaways who are coerced by local hotel owners in urban centers to exchange their bodies in return for board and lodging. This points to the reality that children and adolescents have limited skills to rely on to support themselves, if they need to do so, and that prostitution is often the most practical and lucrative means of providing for themselves. The children surveyed by Sahil allege that police and army soldiers are a significant portion of their clientele. Children as young as age eight were found working as male prostitutes. Although many of these young boys state that they are free to leave whenever they wish, the combination of financial compensation (a child prostitute can bring in up to Rs. 12,000/month) and lack of alternatives usually cause them to stay and eventually grow up into pimps themselves. Another practice, common in the North West Frontier Province but not yet the subject of much formal research, is bachabazi, or older men keeping boys as their sexual partners. A man who wishes such a partner will select a boy, usually fair of skin and in his early teens. He will slaughter a goat in front of the boy’s house to publicly demonstrate his choice. From that point on, the man will be responsible for the education, clothing, and general care of the boy in return for sexual favors. Needless to say the boy himself lacks decisionmaking power in this institutionalized and socially accepted form of sexual abuse. A survey in NWFP found that out of 1,710 adult male respondents in communities throughout the province, about 83 percent said they knew about the practice of bachabazi. Almost half of those who knew about it thought the practice was either common or very common. Similarly, almost 81 percent of the respondents said they knew that some boys in their own communities sell sex for money. The places from which boys could be procured for sexual services included hotels, schools, workplaces, markets, bus stations, and video shops. The study concluded that there was a high prevalence of male sexual abuse and commercial sexual exploitation of children in NWFP and that social norms such as bachabazi helped to perpetuate the widely tolerated practice of adults keeping young boys for sexual services. (NGO Coalition on Child Rights 1998)"

Marginalised male sex workers vulnerable to HIV/AIDS (2006, Alternate Link): Pervaiz is one of the hundreds of male sex workers (MSWs) in Lahore, the teeming capital of the Punjab province, and with a population of 8 million Pakistan’s second largest city after Karachi. Beneath its lush trees, and the domes and minarets of the Mughal buildings scattered across its older parts, scores of MSWs operate. Although the precise number of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Lahore is unknown, according to the Pakistan National AIDS Programme, on the basis of findings by international agencies in 2002, they number around 38,000. This number includes male transsexuals or 'hijras', who live in large family groups and have devised their own, unique system of leadership, inter-marriage and complex rituals, and a significant number of masseurs, like Pervaiz, who can be found in many parts of Lahore and other major cities, congregating at selected spots as dusk falls each evening.

Health-Pakistan: Taboos Still Hamper AIDS Programme: Some 93 percent of those quizzed for the survey knew that unprotected sex was the reason for HIV transmission, but believed that it was the sex workers and not themselves, who were at risk. However, many truck drivers are known to engage in homosexual activity with young boys who travel with them as helpers, say health activists. Despite official denials, newspapers often report that male inmates of prisons too engage in such behaviour. According to independent surveys, 85 percent of sexually active prisoners reported not using condoms. Many of these prisoners are also addicted to injectable drugs, sharing syringes and needles. Male homosexuality in Pakistan is mainly associated with the Islamic nation's most conservative region - the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) bordering Afghanistan, where rich, elderly men are known to keep young boys for sexual pleasure." - Male sex workers play Russian roulette with HIV. - Male sex worker in Pakistan (Video). - Unmet needs: Sex workers in Pakistan have limited access to TB-HIV Treatment (2010): But NGO statistics reveal that over 14,000 male sex workers live in Karachi alone. Most of them belong to the Pukhtoon community... - La prostitución masculina en Pakistán (2010, Translation):  La gente piensa que a medida que nuestro país es islámica por lo tanto, estos problemas no existen aquí, pero la realidad es lo contrario. De acuerdo a Lahore nama (2008) la prevalencia exacta de las trabajadoras del sexo masculino en Lahore es desconocida, pero sobre la base de las conclusiones de los organismos internacionales en el año 2002 su número ascendía a alrededor de 38.000. La pregunta que surge ahora es ¿por qué es frecuente? ¿Cuáles son las fuerzas motrices? La respuesta es bastante alarmante. la prostitución masculina tiene su origen en el abuso sexual infantil. Citado por Roschbeth Ewald "el comienzo de la adicción al sexo suelen ser arrancada de raíz en la adolescencia o la niñez. Se encontró que el 60% de los adictos sexuales fueron abusados ​​por alguien en su infancia". Por otra parte, de acuerdo con el sultán Jabbar un psicólogo "Después de los niños son abusados ​​un par de veces que se vuelven adictos a ella". Por lo general son dejados a merced de su destino, cuando los miembros de su familia echarlos después de conocer acerca de su adicción. - The descriptive epidemiology of male sex workers in Pakistan: a biological and behavioural examination (2011): Low levels of education, high volume of sex acts and suboptimal condom use makes for a potentially volatile situation. Information provided by this study can play an important role in designing effective prevention programmes, particularly in capturing heterogeneity in sex work between cities, and as evidence is accumulating that a shift in epidemic phase, as well as affected populations is occurring in Pakistan.

Pakistan Enhanced HIV/AIDS Program: Social Assessment and Mapping of Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) in Lahore, Pakistan. By Shivananda Khan and Tahir Khilji (Naz Foundation International, 2002) (Full Report for The World Bank, Pakistan, Word 97 Download N/A- Short Report for The World Bank, Pakistan, Word 97 Download N/A)  (PDF Download) (Related: PDF Download): "These networks of differing MSM contexts may at times inter-penetrate, where individuals may shift along differing networks, but usually they are mutually exclusive. In other words there are complex dynamics and diffusion in relation to male to male sex in Lahore. The most visible of these networks are those involving zenanas and hijras because of their public performative role which is a part of their self-identification, and those of malishias as male sex workers alongside their massage trade because of their occupational visibility. It was this visibility and ready accessibility that contoured the Social Assessment Study in Lahore in terms of which dynamic of MSM were interviewed. It should therefore be clearly recognised that this Assessment does not tell the whole story of male to male sex in Lahore. Male to male sex work is a significant factor in Lahore. A broad range of frameworks exist here. Hijras, zenanas, malishias, and other males, will sell sex because of poverty and unemployment. Without a welfare system, and with significant levels of unemployment or low level incomes, male sex work can be a way out in terms of supporting the self and family. This is not to imply that males involved in sex work do not enjoy the sex with other males. Often they will also have a regular partner - a pukka dost."

Elton, Athena (2013). Afghanistan’s Bacha Baazi Practice and the Normalization of Sexual Violence Against Boys. Draft, Conference Paper. PDF Download. The practice of male-on-male pedophilic rape of boys in Afghanistan is a serious lingering social issue that is rarely raised, discussed or recognized by the Afghan policy discourse. The problem is further compounded by lack of accurate and detailed information and knowledge, given the context of social taboo surrounding the subject of sexuality in Afghan society. To create a greater awareness and broaden the current understanding of the issue, this paper applies an interdisciplinary approach to examine the underlying structural factors perpetuating social discounted male-on-male pedophilic rape and more specifically the bacha baazi phenomenon...  Sexual violence in the form of trafficking boys for male pedophilic sexual violence under the innocent name of „boy play‟ or bacha baazi, is commonplace in Afghanistan. The UN Representative Radhika Coomaraswamy is quoted as saying: “Very powerful warlords and regional commanders from all the security forces as well as anti-government forces have young boys who are taught to dance…in some kind of party situation – and then they are sexually exploited, sexual abuse of boys. We‟re concerned because it‟s sort of considered a sense of power and strength how many you have to parade:i Although it is difficult to accurately account for the exact numbers of boys being bought and sold, accounts from aid workers, journalists and military personal, including local Afghans, claim that the numbers are quite high. According to a popular wedding photographer, bacha baazi boys are dancing at one out of five weddings occurring in Kabulii. As Ms. Coomaraswamy stated in February 2011: “so everybody‟s against this practice but it continues with impunity”.

Situational analysis report on prostitution of boys in Pakistan (Lahore & Peshawar) (PDF Download): "The practice of keeping boys for sexual gratification by rich and influential men, known as "bachabazi," is common although it raises difficult questions within communities that consider homosexuality a sexual preference outside social norms... Even though there is widespread awareness of child sexual exploitation by tourists in many areas of South Asia, such as the beach town of Goa in India and Negombo in Sri Lanka, little has been done to study the use of boys for prostitution amongst local perpetrators in the region... The practice of hiring prostituted boys thrives in streets, markets, bus terminals, hotels, restaurants and a variety of other establishments in many provinces of Pakistan. Research conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Bangalore, India, and northern Punjab in Pakistan has shown that a large number of prostituted boys in these countries are living on the street and that most are also engaged in activities such as garbage scavenging and pick-pocketing. Older men also keep boys for sexual services in a practice called "bachabazi" that is common to the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan... On average, 8-15 persons were invited to all focus group discussions... The ages of child respondents ranged from 10 years to 17 years... While the sex exploiters of boys come from all ethnic groups and social classes, most prostituted boys themselves hail from poor and lower-middle class families... During focus group discussions, community leaders admitted they were aware that some men have ‘friendships’ with young boys (bachabazi) and that it is commonly understood that they have sex. In return, the boys may be paid money or compensated in kind. The community leaders opined that it is a wrong and sinful practice but admitted that it is tolerated – a double standard that they lamented. But the implication seems to be that while it is disgraceful to be a passive agent (receptive partner) in a homosexual relationship, it is a matter of male pride and power to be an active agent (insertive partner). Bachbabazi relationships are not prostitution by society at large because the boy offers sexual services to only one man as opposed to any man prepared to pay for the service perceived as prostitution by society at large because the boy offers sexual services to only one man as opposed to any man prepared to pay for the service... " - Lahore: Marginalised male sex workers vulnerable to HIV/AIDS.

Save The Children Sweden (2005). Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: A situational analysis of Pakistan (PDF Download): "Child sexual exploitation at shrines - Massage boys - Boys with alternate sexual identities - Nomad children - Children in the transport industry - Bachabazi - Children trafficked for camel jockeying - Children in deep-sea fishing..."

Nepal: - Children and Women of Nepal: A Situation Analysis 1996: "In Nepal, prostitution is a domestic- business, and tourist-related prostitution is of minimal significance at this time. Male prostitution exists in Nepal, but is also of minimal significance at this time." - Male sex workers and poverty: "A study was conducted in five random semi-urban sites in Nepal where BDS has held HIV/STIS intervention 408 msw aged 15-48 years working in disco/brothels/street were targeted... Average age was 23 years... In most cases, it is at the insistence of the client that unprocted sex takes place... Absolute dependence of sex workers on the income derived from the clients increased their risk of getting infected with HIV therefore BDS developed economic development programs for msws where they were trained on various income generating skills and a few of them were assisted. - Condom Use among Commercial Male Sex Workers in Kathmandu, Nepal (2010).

Thailand: - Boy Prostitution: A Study of Runaway Boys in Sex Service: "The thesis of "Boy Prostitution: a study of runaway boys in sex service", purposes to study causes and factors that make runaway boys get involved in sex services, to earn about their ways of life in order to make clear what really happens to them and the physical, mental and behavioral effects are then analized, aiming to find out the proper solutions. The study particularly focuses on boy prostitutes by selecting 10 under 18 year-old boys who have been in sex service at least for six months and have not been engaged by homosexual clubs. The researcher collected the information by spending most of the time both days and nights for 12 months in close contact. The outcome of the study covering Silom Road and Lumpini Park indicated that becoming boy prostitutes resulted from their own as they have to struggle for the survival in the outside world where money is the most important factor when facing money shortage problem, earning money by having sex with anyone who will pay for it is the solution. Additionally, sex service is a way to fulfill their natural sexual desire. The further reasons are the homosexual customers' demand, social background and up bringing. Boy prostitutes cannot be clearly identified by their physical appearance, but can be found in the assumed sex service areas. Most 12-18 year-old boy prostitutes are good looking usually wearing in dark apparels..." - A Boy’s Journey to Sex Work. - Male Sex Workers Need Support Too. - Male Prostitution in Chiang Mai (2006).

Thaïlande: La vie pas si rêvée des homosexuels thaïlandais (2011, Translation): « La société thaïlandaise est ouverte d’esprit. » « L’homosexualité y est monnaie courante et acceptée par la population. » Derrière ce tableau idyllique, la communauté homosexuelle subit aussi discriminations et stigmatisations... « Belle nuit pour partir en chasse. » Par ces quelques mots, ce touriste australien résume le point de vue de certains homosexuels occidentaux qui viennent en Thaïlande : c’est le paradis des gays. Un cliché du sexe facile. Avec Ratchada et Otoko, Silom est un peu la scène gay internationale de la ville. Mais cette image, beaucoup la regrettent. Comme Simon et son compagnon Michael. Ce couple d’Allemands ne supporte pas l’attitude de ces étrangers « irrespectueux » qui ne cherchent pas à comprendre « les sentiments et la vie des homosexuels thaïlandais » et se bornent à agir « comme dans un marché aux bestiaux »... Selon lui, ces travailleurs du sexe l’acceptent comme un job plus rémunérateur que nombre de secteurs d’activité. « Beaucoup quittent leur ferme à la campagne pour cela. Car la prostitution est mieux acceptée en ville. Et la communauté gay de Bangkok est plus éduquée que celle des campagnes. » La Thaïlande ne serait donc pas un paradis des gays ? « Parce que les Occidentaux, mais aussi de plus en plus les Singapouriens, Taïwanais et Hongkongais viennent ici dépenser leur argent, ils sont accueillis à bras ouverts. Cela entretient cette image. Mais on accepte moins bien l’homosexualité des Thaïlandais », estime Jim Elder. Il existe une toute autre société qui se retrouve dans les centaines de bars et de saunas de la capitale à Lam Sali, Kamphaeng Phet et Pradiphat, notamment. Car les homosexuels thaïlandais, dans leur grande majorité, n’aiment pas Silom. « Pour la simple et bonne raison qu’ils ne veulent pas être assimilés à la prostitution et aux « money boys ». S’ils viennent, c’est qu’ils aiment bien rencontrer les Occidentaux », explique le patron du Richard’s Pub. Beaucoup d’homosexuels travaillent dans la banque, l’hôtellerie et la restauration, « où leur sexualité ne pose pas de problème ». Mais dans le secteur des affaires, notamment chez les Thaïlandais d’origine chinoise, la situation est plus compliquée. « Dans la haute société, beaucoup se marient pour brouiller les pistes », ajoute Jim Elder.

Nemoto T, Iwamoto M, Perngparn U, Areesantichai C, Kamitani E, Sakata M (2012). HIV-related risk behaviors among kathoey (male-to-female transgender) sex workers in Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS Care, 24(2): 210-219.  Abstract. PDF Download. Based on combined methods, this study investigated substance use and HIV risk behaviors among kathoey sex workers (KSWs) in Bangkok, Thailand. The study found that only half of the KSW participants reported having been tested for HIV, and that except for one participant, all others had not seen health care providers in the past 12 months. About one third of the participants reported having engaged in unprotected anal sex with customers in the past 6 months. Almost all participants reported alcohol use, as well as having had sex with customers under the influence of alcohol. The prevalence of marijuana and ecstasy use in the past 12 months was high (32% and 36%, respectively); as was for ketamine (20%) and non-injecting methamphetamine (yaba) use (10%). A multiple regression analysis showed that the participants who were post-operative status, had used illicit drugs, or had been abused by their father and brothers were less likely to use condoms for anal sex with customers. Three quarters of the participants sent money to their families and 35% of the participants expressed their willingness to engage in unsafe sex when customers offer extra money. The qualitative interviews revealed that many identified as girl or kathoey in early age and had been exposed to transphobia and violence from father and brothers. Some reported support for gender transition from their mothers. More than half of the participants currently had difficulties in living as kathoey, such as challenges in job market and relationship with family members. Family obligation for sending money and the Buddhist concept of karma were discussed in relation to risk behaviors among KSWs. The study provided implications for facilitating HIV testing and developing future HIV prevention intervention programs for KSWs in Thailand.

Comments on male sex workers. "On the other hand, the commercial sex scene in Thailand, both straight and gay, is very visible in some areas, particularly around the famous (infamous?) Patpong area... Many workers in commercial venues are not gay, but this should not be a complete surprise. The level of service varies considerably from person to person and venue to venue. If you have any specific preferences, these should be discussed before agreeing to take a person off from a venue to ensure satisfaction. I personally do not think it is reasonable to force a worker to do anything he does not want to do, even if you are a paying customer." - (Related Information from a study is available as PDF Download (Alternate Link) of "AIDS knowledge, condom beliefs and sexual behaviour among male sex workers and male tourist clients in Bali, Indonesia": "The remaining studies most relevant to Indonesia come from Thailand.  A study was conducted in 1988 of male sex workers in three areas of Thailand: Bangkok, Hat Yai, and Chiang Mai (Muangman et al. 1988). "In these areas, workers meet clients through gay bars, bath houses, and public locations. Most workers were in their twenties and the mean incomes were low for the urban areas.  Most workers had some formal schooling with the lowest levels in Hat Yai..." - The Influence Of Thai Buddhism on Prostitution. - Male Sex Workers Face HIV Risks, but Get Less Attention. - Mplus, a Community for Gay, Transgender, and Male Sex Workers in Chiang Mai, Thailand. - Life Styles and Health Behavior of Male Prostitutes in Patong Area. Master's Dissertation (1994).

A Boy’s Journey to Sex Work (2007): Eak, a male escort, still appreciates what he gained inside the monastery. He learned the Thai language and started to read Buddhist scriptures, but most of all, he found shelter and refuge from two more familiar companions: fear and death. In fact, 10 years ago, before he fled across the border and became a monk, his hill village in the troubled Shan states of north-east Burma had already been forcibly evacuated, reducing his home to a makeshift tent in the jungle. “Since my childhood, I have little taste of freedom and happiness,” he says, gazing into a swarm of dirty scooters on the sun-bleached boulevard. He can still remember how as a small boy, he saw the killing and rape of his fellow villagers by Burmese soldiers. Local resistance groups in the Shan states were fighting for self-determination... Like many others in the Shan states, Eak’s parents rely on the cash he sends home from Thailand. Eak told them he is working in a restaurant. He last visited them three years ago -- as a shaven-headed monk, reunited with his family for the first and only time in 10 years. Eak’s girlfriend, also of Tai Yai ethnic origin, knows only too well that he is not waiting on tables. They met in Chiang Mai and, according to Eak, she feels all right about his occupation as long as he protects himself. “I remember to use a condom almost every time I have sex with clients,” he says. How often is “almost every time”? Nine out of ten, he says, and smiles. The male sex workers of Chiang Mai have an HIV infection rate of 11.4 percent, according to a 2005 survey. Nearly half are of Tai Yai origin and come from the Shan states. The Shan are in high demand for their unique physical features. Of the more than 30 boys at Eak’s club, about 80 percent, are Tai Yai...

Male Sex Workers Need Support Too (2007): But whether they get into the sex trade by choice or learn to accept it, these men need to be given priority in programmes that educate them on how to reduce risks of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), health experts and activists say... For instance, Phensiri Srichan, head of the AIDS and Venereal Disease Control Agency of the Public Health Office in Udon Thani, says the agency only recently included men in their programmes. Previously, it focused mostly on a large number of female sex workers, in this north-eastern Thai province. After a study showed a high incidence of HIV due to unprotected sex, the agency revised its policies and started including male commercial sex workers in its target groups. Most of them are Thais, but Phensiri says there are likely to be some also from nearby Laos. The men receive advice on how to protect themselves from infection, and are given condoms and information on where they could go for blood tests and other health needs. Still, the agency's health programme focuses only on commercial sex workers in gay bars, but not freelancers. Because freelance sex workers -- those who may accept commercial sex transactions in addition to other work like waiting on tables -- are not easy for health workers to reach, they often remain largely ignorant of safer sex practices and can inadvertently transmit HIV and other diseases. "It's hard to get to these groups. We’re trying our best although our office is only in its initial stages," Phensiri explains...  The other groups that are often left out of support schemes are members of ethnic minority groups and migrants. This happens in places like Chiang Mai, according to Montien Phromlatthisorn, who is manager of MPlus, a non-government group working with the gay community and male sex workers.

Suwatcharapinun, Sant  (2005). Spaces of Male Prostitution: Tactics, Performativity and Gay Identities in Streets, Go-Go Bars and Magazines in Contemporary Bangkok, Thailand. PhD. Dissertation, University of London. PDF Download. Download Page. This research explores the spatial practices of male prostitutes meeting gay male clients in various urban environments in Bangkok, Thailand. The research focuses on the male prostitutes’ spatial practices in three meeting places: the streets around Saranrom park, the gay go-go bars in Surawong’s Boys’ Town, and the representations of space in local gay newsletters. Examining the male prostitutes’ spatial practices through ‘tactics’, this research suggests that male prostitutes use the meeting places differently as ways of responding to the ‘strategies’ of gay male clients. This research also suggests that the tactics of male prostitutes can be examined by exploring the relationship between spatial practices and subjectivities. By exploring how specific performative acts constitute male prostitutes’ subjectivities, this research suggests that male prostitutes ‘perform’ homosexuality.

Bar Work in a Foreign Tongue: Just how do local sex workers communicate with foreign customers across a language barrier? - The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among male sex workers in northern Thailand. - Research in Progress:  A Night Out with the Boys: The discursive and sexual practices surrounding bar-based male sex work in Bangkok, Thailand. Dissertation completed in 2000. A related paper by the author, Graeme Storer: Performing Sexual Identity: Naming and Resisting 'Gayness' in Modern Thailand. - Ignorance is not bliss in Pattaya: A look at prostitution off the South Pattaya pier: "Male prostitution is very common in Pattaya. This is engaged in by drug addicts, some sociopath types who will do anything for money and young men who are ‘professional’ prostitutes. Male prostitutes tend to have ‘regular’ clients and the number of young men selling their bodies for money is as numerous at the pier as young women. An interesting phenomenon is that male prostitutes are ‘adopted’ and  taken overseas by clients more often than their female counterparts." - Burmese male sex workers in Thailand face stigma and AIDS risks. - An overseas example of "lighter is better": the implications of colorism among male sex workers in Thailand (2007).

Out of the frying pan into the sleaze: Migrant Male Sex Workers: Hundreds, possibly thousands of young Burmese men are finding they've got nowhere else to go but Thailand's tough and sordid sex trade (Bangkok Post, Dec. 16, 2001 N/A: (Alternate Link) "Seven years later, at the age of 23, Myint Tha's innocence has long since fled. He now spends most nights at a gay bar in the tourist destination of Chiang Mai - 300 kilometers from Thakhilek. He survives from week to week by having sex with older men... She adds that many Burmese boys go into prostitution... The initial introduction into the world of sex for hire for many male prostitutes is from their friends. They hear that they can earn extra money if they go to bed with gay people - Thais or foreigners... One boy said that his clients are mostly foreigners - from Japan, Hong Kong, China or the West. ``I try to save and send money home to my family They think I work in a factory... Many of the Burmese sex workers are as young as 13 or 14, well below the legal age for working in a place of entertainment in Thailand. They routinely tell customers they are over 18. "The bar owners tell us to say so. We don't have any ID cards like Thai people - so how can they (police or customers) know our real age?" said one. Most of the youths aren't even aware of the laws against paedophilia... Amidst the blasting heavy metal music and the changing colour of the smoke in the flashing lights, a boy sips his drink and tells the reporter in a loud and bright voice his hopes for the future: "Even though I have gone to bed with so many men......I still want to have a girlfriend. I want to marry ..... to have my own family - a wife and children.""

Going gay after classes - Necessity forcing male students to sell bodies (Bangkok): "I know many university colleagues who are from poor families and from the country who are working in this field. I think everyone is satisfied with the easy money," Phakphum said confidently. He said many male university students were turning to prostitution, most of them working in gay bars on Silom, Suriwong, Pradiphat and Sukhumvit roads. Others worked as "street boys" at Saranrom park, Sanam Luang and Lumpini park. - The gay scene: Thai boys. - Police disrupt gay orgy in sauna, two held: Hundred foreigners necking with boys.

Boys Will Be Toys: "Inside a gay bar on Suriwong Road, young men walk the floor, their erect penises illuminated by torches for all to see. For an extra Bt100, customers are permitted to touch... This journey into the seedier side of our society was part of a research project entitled: "Male Prostitution' in which Nalinee spent three months, often disguised as a Philippine tourist, collecting  information and gaining first hand experience of the conditions in this 'profession'. Her findings turned out to be a lot different from what she expected." - Male prostitution booms in Thailand. - Thai Male Sex Worker Study - An Analysis.

From the special - 1999 Issue of The Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services - on Thailand: - Rehearsing gender and Sexuality in Modern Thailand: Masculinity and Male-Male Sex Behaviours. - The Friends Thou Hast: Support Systems for Male Commercial Sex Workers in Pattaya, Thailand. - Between Money, Morality and Masculinity: Bar-Based Male Sex Work in Chiang Mai.

Philippines - Struggling With Contradictions: "His regular source of income comes from stagings of toro, the local lingo for anal or vaginal sexual intercourse performed in public... Elmer, who takes the receptor role, is one of the district's best-known performers... One prominent homosexual man has even suggested that "low-class gays should be rounded up for testing since they're the only ones who sleep with foreigners." The owner of a male brothel accepts only long-term expatriates as clients on the assumption that they are "clean." Even many call boys have begun to shun foreigners who used to be their favoured clients... Many young people, especially boys from middle-class families, resort to occasional sex work when pressured by their peers to prove, ironically enough, their manhood, or to provide money for the group. - In the Shadows: Men who have sex with men (Word rtf Download). - When sex work isn't `work': Hospitality, gay life, and the production of desiring labor (Manila).

En la cuerda floja. Riesgos sexuales y trabajo sexual masculino en Filipinas (2007, Translation): Es difícil determinar cuándo comenzó el trabajo sexual masculino formalizado en las Filipinas. La documentación sobre el trabajo sexual femenino se remonta al período español (Tanetal. 1990; Camagay 1995), pero la, porque no existe documentación. Es probable que sea bastante reciente. Sin embargo, las entrevistas con viejos gays informaron sobre burdeles masculinos existentes en los ghettos de Manila en los años 1960s, que parecen haber sido sustituidos por las salas de masajes, que empezaron a proliferar en los 1970s. Ofrecen habitaciones con aire acondicionado, una cama con colchón, lociones para masajes, condones y lubricantes. Curiosamente, los «bares gays» son el otro tipo de locales que se convirtieron en el lugar para ejercer el trabajo sexual masculino. El término «gay» se hizo de dominio público en los años 1970s, importado obviamente de Occidente. Jóvenes de la clase alta filipina, muchos de los cuales habían estudiado en los Estados Unidos, hablaban ya sobre el hecho de ser «gay». Ser gay traía consigo connotaciones de liberación, que incluían una reorientación de sus preferencias sexuales. El trabajo sexual formalizado, es una transacción de servicios, que implica remuneraciones fijas y una interacción social limitada al intercambio de dinero por servicios, que son muy diferentes de los encuentros de los bakla con «hombres de verdad». En este último acuerdo hallamos el intercambio de regalos basado en una forma de reciprocidad, y el «hombre de verdad» da sexo a cambio de dinero u otros beneficios económicos, pero sin estructuras remunerativas fijas.

When first-world man met third-world boy (by Jeremy Seabrook, The New Statesman, January 29, 1999): "I made it clear I wasn't thinking of engaging his services. His evident disappointment was purely professional. We talked for half an hour. I gave him 200 pesos. Impulsively, I asked if he would like to meet outside. He said: "The owner will not allow it." A punter had to pay the bar if he wanted to take a boy off. I said: "It's an arrangement between us. It isn't business." Hesitantly, he agreed. - `Easy Money in Male Prostitution’: an imperialist Apocalypse Now in the Philippines (PDF Download). - Male prostitution for reel (Manila): "FOR some reasons, Pinoy filmmakers have stopped doing movies about bar girls and female prostitution. Not that there are no more girlie bars and prostitution dens in the Philippine archipelago. It’s just that our filmmakers seem bent on making us pay attention on male prostitution instead..."

Salialam Jr. AP (2007). Risk Behaviors of Male Commerccial Sex Workers in Zamboanga City [Philippines].  Master's in Public Health Dissertation, Zamboanga University. PDF Download. The foregoing data, particularly those that directly pertain to unsafe sex practices or risky behaviors clearly indicate that the great majority of the MCSWs in Zamboanga City are at high risk of acquiring and transmitting STI-HIV/AIDS. Recommendations set in this study involve interventional programs, monitoring and surveillance and policy development.

Indonesia: - Ford K, Wirawan DN, Fajans P (1993). AIDS knowledge, condom beliefs and sexual behaviour among male sex workers and male tourist clients in Bali, Indonesia (PDF Download - PDF Download): " Most of the workers first had sex with a man when they were in their teens: 35 per cent at age 14 or less, 40 per cent at age 15-16, and 25 per cent at 16 or more. Forty-five per cent of the workers were paid for their first sex with a man. Fifty-nine per cent have had sex with a woman. Respondents had worked for an average of 3.1 years with a range of two months to nine years. Thirty per cent of respondents had worked as CSWs only in Bali, 60 per cent had worked in Jakarta or Surabaya and ten per cent had worked in Batam or Malaysia. The workers generally return to their home village for holidays (85%), and some (35%) are usually sexually active on these visits. Many of those men interviewed identify themselves as gay, although some are primarily heterosexual in orientation..." - HIV, syphilis infection, and sexual practices among transgenders, male sex workers, and other men who have sex with men in Jakarta, Indonesia. - Bali Foundation Calls For Increased Testing To Curb HIV Among Male Sex Workers.

Malaysia: - Building A Community Developing Effective HIV/AIDS Programmes for Transsexuals Working as Sex Workers: The Malaysian Example. - Rivalry among transvestites triggers arrests: "Six foreign transvestite prostitutes plying their trade in the northern state of Penang have been detained Thursday by authorities for working illegally in Malaysia..." - Women in Mens' Bodies - Basic Rights! (Alternate Link) "A government-funded study in 1997 revealed that there were more than 20,000 transsexuals in the country and that more than 60 percent of them were involved in prostitution."

Singapore: From Prostitution and Morality: "There was, in late November 1997 a well-reported murder trial of a male prostitute, who was found guilty of killing his brothel-owner. Many gay Singaporeans would have been simultaneously titillated with the details, horrified by the exposure of this underside of gay life, and extremely uncomfortable about the public association of homosexuality with prostitution." - Male Prostitution in Singapore. - Some related legal absurdities..

Vietnam: - Men who have sex with men in Vietnam - Sexuality & Prostitution (2002, Part 1): (Part 2) "(Synopsis of Men engaged in having sex with men in Viet Nam - a Hanoi snapshot - by S. Doussantousse, Ngoc Anh (researchers) and L. Tooke, (specialist writer and editor) Hanoi, April 2002.): The authors of this paper have conducted fifteen unstructured interviews with individuals, including prostitutes, clients and intermediaries, in Hanoi during recent weeks. All respondents were invited to speak freely in confidence, and did so with minimal prompting... The men selling sex that we contacted in Hanoi were mainly between 18 and 23 years of age, although there was some indication that boys in their low teens could be 'made available' for clients, particularly older foreigners... For the purposes of this paper, we have assumed that the clients of male prostitutes in Hanoi are homosexuals or bisexuals. However, we recognise that in many countries, masculinity is confirmed by marriage and parenthood rather than explicitly heterosexual behaviour. Affection between men, physical contact and sharing beds are socially acceptable and create opportunities for sexual contact as a pleasurable activity rather than an expression of sexuality. It is, therefore possible that some clients pay for sex with men because it is 'safer' (i.e. less likely to attract police attention), less likely to lead to HIV infection or more convenient than using a female prostitute... Around half the sexual encounters appeared to be for masturbation and oral sex. However, penetrative anal sex was commonplace. Typically, the prostitutes we talked to were forthcoming about anal sex with clients, but often emphasised that it was active - they penetrated the client rather than the reverse. However, some of those who had not identified themselves as homo- or bisexual were guarded in their responses when questioned about their experience of being penetrated. Their responses indicated that that they were unwilling to talk about the matter, suggesting that cultural imperatives, perhaps relating to 'face', might be operating. Self-identified homosexual prostitutes, on the other hand, appeared to have no inhibitions when talking about being the passive partner..." - Vietnam – Gay male escorts earn least of all sex workers according to Ministry of Labor (2012).

Nguyen, Van Hiep (2011). Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Male Sex Workers In Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam - Implications For HIV Prevention. Master's Dissertation, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden. PDF Download. HIV and same-sex among men exist in every society globally. In Vietnam, social stigma and prejudices trigger male sex workers (MSW) at high risk to HIV and STI transmission. Surveys and researches on MSW in Vietnam are rare. MSW is regarded as a bridge to HIV transmission and STI to their partners by their bisexual behavior... The median age of MSW was 25. 51% of MSW were from HCMC and about a half (48.7%) from other provinces. 62.5% reported drinking alcohol, 13.5% reported using ecstasy and 5.5% used heroin. 36% had unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with all partners and 22% had UAI with male client partners. 90% reported they had ever known of STI. 46.5% reported ever had tested for HIV, and three were HIV positive. Older MSW (aged ≥25) had HIV test more than younger MSW (aged15-24), 64% and 35%, respectively. Low salary, family support and earning extra income were showed to be major reasons to be engaged in sex work. Trust to intimate partners, physical smell and negotiation skills affect safe or risky behavior. Most of MSW show good knowledge to0 HIV/STI transmission. Hegemonic masculinity is involved in risky sexual behavior among MSW as well. Special meeting venues or network for MSW were classified in various hierarchies of dichotomous areas: the young-the old, the rich-the poor, the national-the foreign, etc.... MSW in HCMC are a subgroup of MSM who are at very high risk for acquiring HIV and for transmitting it to their male and female partners. New and expanded projects are needed to focus on this high-risk population. 

Son, Dinh Thai (2007). Commodification of pleasure: A Study of Male Migrant Sex Workers in Hanoi, Vietnam. Master's Dissertation, Health Social Science, Mahidol University, Thailand. PDF Download. PDF Download. Some recent studies show that male sex work in Hanoi is currently thriving. Along with local men, migrants have become an important source of supply for this market. These include not only gay men but also straight men that come to Hanoi from other cities and provinces. A number of them depend on sex work as their main source of income. The postmodern perspective on sexuality and narrative analysis method are used to discover the fluidity of sexual subjectivities and various types of sexual practices and partnerships that Vietnamese migrant male sex workers (MSWs) encounter in their every day lives. Nine migrant MSWs and four key informants are interviewed... The findings of the research give insights to the business of male sex work, which is notorious for the vulnerability of migrant lives, poor living conditions, leading them to the sex work market in Hanoi. Among the sex work life, the fluidity of sexual subjectivities is shown under the change of sexual and gender orientation to adapt to issues of “Economics of desire”. Moreover, selling sex is not only for sex per se but also for love, gratitude, understanding, and regular financial support. Various types of sexual practices and partner ships are also found in this research. Male sex workers report that they experience many types of sexual practices, safe, unsafe, coercive, consent sex, and especially, porn movies are preferred to enhance their sexual desire. Clients of MSW are diverse and include local male, female clients, and male foreigners. It is also worrying for MSWs because a number of them still lack understanding of how to protect themselves from HIV and STI risks...

Couch M, Hong KT (2004). Exchanges between Men within the Sexual Economies of Prostitution in Viet Nam. TASA Conference Paper. PDF Download.  Download Page.In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 men and accounts collected of men, individually or in groups engaging prostitutes, the kinds of sex practices engaged in, the range of ways in which men exchange information about prostitutes, attitudes to prostitutes, and differences between men, depending on the era of their formative experience. The analysis suggests that public health prevention is not likely to engage with men if it takes a social evils approach, as men’s experience is not set is a moral frame, but in very rich exchanges within a number of sexual economies. As Viet Nam addresses sex and sexuality as a public health matter, ways forward need to take account, not only of sex practices involving prostitutes, but also the context created by economies of male exchange.

World Bank funded Project on Harm Reduction: Management Unit on HIV/AIDS Prevention Projects in Vietnam (Hai Phong Health Department: (PDF Download): Reaching out MSM at their communities... Number of site visits: 1889, Number of clients: 778...Tested 207 clients, 55 HIV+, 32 from male sex workers who were IDUs themself, 15 from male sex workers, from MSM.

 Men who have sex with men and HIV in Vietnam: a review: There are significant numbers of male sex workers in Vietnam and these men are also at high risk for HIV infection... More research is needed on current behavior and HIV prevalence among MSM and male sex workers in Vietnam. MSM in Vietnam's larger cities could easily be targeted for prevention using peer educators to decrease their risk for HIV infection. - Synopsis of ‘Men engaged in having sex with men in Viet Nam – a Hanoi snapshot’ (Word Download): "The paper explores the characteristics and behaviour of male prostitutes and the situation and circumstances of male homosexuals in Hanoi in relation to potentially risky sexual activities and exposure to STDs and HIV/AIDS. It focuses upon the effects of apparent official indifference towards male prostitution and what appears to be a general public attitude of detachment towards male homosexuality."

Cambodia: - Girault, Philippe et al (2000). Sexual behaviors, STIs and HIV Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Famil Hralth International. PDF Download. "Using a two-stage time-location cluster sampling technique, a probability sample of two hundred and six (206) MSM aged 18 years and older from 16 sites in Phnom Penh, were selected. Inclusion criteria for recruitment into the study included self-reported male-to-male sex behavior, inclusive of non-penetrative sex, during the previous 12 months and being age 18 years or older. Potential participants were approached at the sites by trained interviewers and then accompanied back to one of the two drop-in centers, which were established for the purpose of the study... The majority of MSM surveyed did not identify as gay men but reported homosexual and bisexual practices • Out of the total sample, 81% (167 men) reported anal sex with male partners in the 6 months prior to the interview and 61.2 % (125 men) reported having had vaginal sex with female partners.In the past 6 months 82.8% reported having male partners who paid them to have sex.;There was a reported high turnover of male partners (mean of 5.2 male partners in the past month)..." "Although it was not the intention of the sampling strategy, the majority of those included as respondents in this survey were male sex workers (82.8%), a group of men at very high risk for HIV and other STIs. The sites identified in the mapping exercise were locations where men go to meet other men, which may account for the disproportionate number of men selling sex. Due to legal and social reasons, MSM who reported being under age 18 were not recruited for the study. However, a considerable number were identified during the mapping. Some locations where MSM could be located were not accessible to the research team such as exclusive entertainment establishments or telephone networks for commercial sex. The refusal rate was 37%, and upon inquiry the study team found that a majority of those men who refused were the clients of male sex workers (MSW). Hence, the group described in this survey may represent the group of MSM in Phnom Penh with the highest risk behavior, and may not be representative of all MSM... " - CAMBODIA: Focus on MSM and the spread of HIV/AIDS. - Cambodia Must Focus On MSM Population To Combat Spread Of HIV, UNAIDS Official Says. - Men Who Have Sex with Men in Cambodia: HIV/AIDS Vulnerability, Stigma, and Discrimination (PDF Download).

Guillou, Anne Y (2002). Les enfants des rue et le probleme du SIDA au Cambodge: parcours feminin, parcour masculins.  Jeunesses marginalisées. La revue du GREJEM [Groupe de Recherche et d’Echanges sur les Jeunesses Marginalisées en Afrique et dans le Monde, CEA/EHESS], n° 1: 29-41. PDF Download, Translation. En activité d'appoint et non pas, comme les filles, en activité principale, certains garçons pratiquent la prostitution occasionnelle. La moitié des garçons de plus de quinze ans dit compléter ses revenus de cette façon, tandis que, parmi les quarante-cinq jeunes de moins de quinze ans, trois seulement le déclarent16. Cette activité sexuelle commerciale est surtout le fait de garçons qui, vivant en permanence dans la rue, ont rompu les liens avec leur famille et il semble que le fait de vivre au sein du foyer familial constitue un important facteur préventif de l'engagement dans la prostitution. Comment se déroule ce commerce sexuel ? Il convient d'abord de noter, à cet égard, l'attitude très différente des garçons, en comparaison de celle des filles. Les premiers insistent volontiers sur leur liberté de choix, sur le fait qu'ils n'ont subi aucune pression de quiconque pour accepter des clients. Il s'agit, disent-ils en substance, d'un choix personnel. Dans les groupes d'enfants des rues, on observe en effet une certaine valorisation de la prostitution occasionnelle parce que cela demande une certaine bravoure — qualité masculine appréciée. Le courage est requis pour surmonter l'anxiété née de la rencontre avec un inconnu, souvent étranger, dont on ne connaît pas la langue, dont on ne connaît pas les attentes. Dans l'enquête, les clients sont, en majorité, des hommes occidentaux, suivis de Cambodgiens et, moins fréquemment, d'Asiatiques d'autres nationalités. Les garçons qui refusent ce commerce donnent des raisons à la fois pragmatiques (“les clients n'aiment pas les enfants qui respirent de la colle, comme moi”) et, plus rarement, des raisons morales exprimées en terme de “propreté”. Mais, dans tous les cas, les préférences sexuelles personnelles des adolescents ne sont pas du tout déterminantes dans ce choix... Les relations avec ces hommes sont de durée variable. Les rencontres peuvent avoir lieu avec régularité et certains adolescents ont même vécu avec un client avant d'être quittés par lui, lorsqu'il rentrait dans son pays. Cela renforce le sentiment d'abandon et de méfiance, particulièrement aigu chez les plus fragiles — ceux qui, manifestement, avaient attendu beaucoup de ce soutien et se retrouvent de nouveau seuls et à la rue. Mais la plupart n'ont que des relations limitées au seul rapport sexuel avec leur client et ne souhaitent pas aller au-delà. Cette prostitution occasionnelle varie de une ou deux fois par semaine à une ou deux fois par mois. Mais la chute des prix, causée par l'augmentation de l'offre — car le nombre d'enfants dans un état de grand dénuement ne cesse d'augmenter — pourrait pousser les garçons à accroître cette activité.

AFRICA:

Sex Worker Education and Advocacy Taskforce (SWEAT: Cape Town, South Africa):. - Men who have sex with men in South Africa - breaking the silence: "This study will bring together research undertaken by Triangle project and other amongst clients of male sex workers, MSM in prisons and their behavior after incarceration, and sex mapping of male youth in a township around Capa Town. It shows the pervasiveness of sexual contacts between men with a wide range of sexual orientations, and informs efforts to lobby national strategy on prevention and targeted interventions in a community based model." - Rights Not Rescue: A Report on Female, Trans, and Male Sex Workers’ Human Rights in Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa.

A Life Story Told in Seven Dream Periods: "Paul A. Winter's new book [The Lingering Scent of a Candle Just Burnt: A Memoir Framed by Seven Dream Periods] details his own turbulent life through seven recurring dreams. His book describes his own erratic upbringing and brings forth the awareness of teen male prostitution in South Africa. - Population-based Estimates of MSM Male Sex Workers in South Africa (2010).

Boyce P. et al (2011). An Exploratory Study of the Social Contexts, Practices and Risks of Men Who Sell Sex in Southern and Eastern Africa. PDF Download. This report presents research conducted on behalf of Oxfam GB with funding from UNDP - an exploratory study of the social contexts, practices and risks of men who sell sex in Southern and Eastern Africa. The research was undertaken by the African Sex Worker Alliance in collaboration with Dr. Paul Boyce (UNDP) and Dr. Gordon Isaacs (SWEAT) as principle investigators... Conclusion: The data presented in this report combine to build-up a complex and nuanced account of the lives and life-worlds of male sex workers in the Southern and Eastern Africa region. A strength of the methodology adopted in the study (both in the formative workshop and in the follow-up activities) was a focus on sex workers' narratives amidst the creation of discursive spaces wherein intimate and personal views of male sex work could be shared. This added analytical depth to explorations of social vulnerability, sexual subjectivity, 'belonging', risk and so forth. The research consciously countered approaches to the study of sex work that focus on the classification of 'types' of sex worker or sex work, or which focus on the categorization and quantification of sexual risk practices. Whilst such research can certainly engender useful information, we were also concerned that in terms of analysis of sexualities and sex work as lived day-to-day practices such studies typically offer only a partial or limited perspective. In basing our research and analysis within first-order accounts of sex workers' lives we have sought to ground the research with a strong, experiential epistemology, which is also personally and emotionally sensitive. Personal developmental milestones [family background], language, vernacular, cultural and tribal affiliations, including inner city and peri-urban influences - and migrant sex work populations -have created mini-sub-cultures that often contain specific mores, codes of behaviour, class divisions and gender rivalry . This anthropological diversity must be addressed -sensitive to the needs, aspirations and participation of all concerned. This in turn can offer important insights into sex workers life experiences in a manner that can offer new and significant pathways for addressing social vulnerability, rights, risks, HIV prevention and health.

Hallett, Liam Wayne (2003). The experience of the male sex-worker : a phenomenological investigation. Master's Dissertaton, Department of Psychology, University of Zululand. Download Page. PDF Download. Abstract: This phenomenological study explores the experience of male sex-workers. The aim of this study was to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of this complex phenomenon and hopefully serve as a foundation for future research and counselling interventions in this field. A comprehensive literature review examining the individual and contextual issues rooted in the world of commercial sex between men is provided, and forms a firm foundation and backdrop for this study. The design of this study was qualitative and proceeded from a phenomenological stance. Data was collected through in-depth, unstructured interviews with four, white South African men who were currently working as male prostitutes. The interviews were recorded on audiotape and transcribed verbatim for each participant. The data was then categorized, coded and analyzed inter-individually in order to discover common and contrasting themes and patterns. These were tied together to form a hypothetical and general description of the experience of the male sex-worker.

Morocco: - Prostitution masculine: Les travailleurs du sexe (2007, Translation, Alternate Link):  Phénomène urbain qui prend de plus en plus d’envergure, la prostitution au masculin se vit en toute liberté chaque jour à Casablanca et dans d’autres villes du Maroc, comme Marrakech, Tanger, Essaouira ou Agadir...Jeunes adolescents, moins jeunes, homosexuels convaincus ou candidats hétérosexuels aguerris au tapin nocturne sur quelques artères des grandes villes, ils fréquentent aussi les boîtes de nuit, des cabarets, des bars et des hôtels où ils ont leurs entrées. Dans ce milieu, la violence sous toutes ses formes est monnaie courante. Coups, blessures, agressions, abus sexuels, viols, proxénétisme primaire, vengeance… C’est le lot quotidien d’une partie de la jeunesse marocaine livrée à elle-même et à l’insouciance et au je-m’en-foutisme. De plus en plus, le phénomène de la prostitution masculine s’intensifie au Maroc. Reaching Out: Male and Female Sex Workers - Durban, 10 July 2000: "In a study of 172 men interviewed in the parks, cafes and squares of Morocco, Boushaba found that male sex workers lacked knowledge about HIV and AIDS. As with the Russian Federation study, this sample indicated that they lived in an environment of economic instability. This was one of the reasons why they were unable to negotiate prevention methods. The Moroccan men in this sample were highly likely to have recently engaged in anal sex (97%), and were equally as likely to report knowledge of condoms. However, only 57% reported that they used condoms only occasionally or never at all." - Outreach-Based Prevention in Morocco Among Men Involved in Prostitution: "Prostitution is principally an urban phenomenon, more visible in the large cities frequented by tourists. However, it would be erroneous to view male prostitution as being solely associated with tourism. There is indeed a form of prostitution among Moroccans themselves which is also important, existing on the margin of that for tourists. This phenomenon is known to exist even in smaller cities, although to a lesser extent."

Bousfiha S, Fdaïl M, Mekouar (2006). Male Prostitution in Morocco. PDF Download. The purpose of this project was to determine what Moroccan people think of male prostitution... Surveys were distributed randomly in order to collect people’s perceptions and opinions about the issue. The surveyed population was divided into two sub-samples, thirty AUI students and thirty outsiders. The difference between these two sub-samples helped the team to compare the perceptions of highly educated people with ones of ordinary Moroccans who are statistically less educated than AUI students. The interviews were conducted to provide the team with the physical and psychological and social effects of male prostitution on male sex workers. The results illustrate people’s perceptions and demonstrate that they are quite inaccurate. - The Perception of Male Prostitution in Morocco (PDF Download). - Prostitution masculine : Les travailleurs du sexe (2007, Translation):  Un reportage de "La Gazette du Maroc" au sujet de la prostitution masculine au Maroc.

Regards méditerannéens sur le SIDA (Université d'Eté Euroméditerranéenne des Homosexualités): "Le contexte aidant, il n'existe pas de communauté gay à l'occidentale, assumant sa différence, visible, organisée et disposant de ces propres lieux de rencontre. Face à cette situation, et après plusieurs mois de réflexion, l'association a décidé d'approcher le milieu des prostitués masculins qui semblent constituer la face la plus visible de l'homosexualité au Maroc... La prostitution masculine est une réalité principalement urbaine, surtout à Casablanca, Marrakech, Agadir et Tanger (les villes touristiques, connues pour cela au niveau local comme international). Dans ces 3 dernières villes, il existe un véritable tourisme sexuel. D'un point de vue légal, la prostitution masculine n'existe pas. C'est quelque chose de très tabou dans la société. Et à propos du sida, le premier cas connu fut identifié en 1998. Au 31 mars 1999, nous comptons 590 cas. La voie hétérosexuelle représente le mode de transmission le plus fréquent (63% des cas). Après vient la prostitution homosexuelle (20% des cas), les contaminations par intraveineuse suite à l'usage de drogue (8%)."

Tunesia: - Bezness: les conduites sexuelles et préventives parmi les travailleurs du sexe en Tunisie: "Dans de nombreux pays, y compris la Tunisie, le tourisme sexuel a entraîné l'émergence d'une nouvelle catégorie de travailleurs du sexe, les prostitués masculins (dragueurs, gigolos ou play-boys professionnels) qui agissent comme partenaires sexuels pour des visiteurs de sexe féminin ou masculin qui cherchent des expériences érotiques."

Gambia: - "Both female and male prostitution is widespread in coastal areas, as is drug addiction among the Gambian youth." (Info Sources: 1,2). - Gambia outlaws male prostitution (2013): The Gambia introduced a raft of new laws Tuesday criminalizing male prostitution, cross-dressing and the singing of abusive songs in public.

Sénégal: - L’ambiguïté des textes sur la prostitution au Sénégal (Word Download): "La prostitution masculine: Elle concerne les hommes qui ont des rapports avec des hommes. Cette prostitution touche une tranche d’age entre 14 et 22 ans maximum. C’est pourquoi on dit que le temps de carrière des prostitués masculins est très court, car quand ils approchent la trentaine, ils sont moins recherchés, les clients étant intéressés par les garçons moins juvéniles...Il semble que la majorité des jeunes qui s’adonnent à la prostitution masculine expliquent leur comportement par l’oisiveté, le manque de formation, le manque de moyen, le chômage, alors tous les moyens sont bons pour gagner sa vie... Cependant, par le sentiment d’exclusion ressentie par ceux qui la pratiquent, la prostitution masculine est vécue de manière particulièrement forte et sociologiquement moins connue et moins étudiée. Et pourtant, elle est aujourd’hui en forte augmentation et cette évolution mérite une réflexion et une attention particulière de la part du législateur."

Cameroun: - Cameroun - La prostitution masculine se pratique au grand jour (2011, Translation): Mais les gays qui se prostituent au Cameroun, n’offrent pas leurs charmes qu’aux hommes.  Le Jour indiquent qu’ils satisfont aussi les plaisirs des femmes, souvent très âgées et délaissées ou de personnes à la santé fragile. Comme Marie-Ange, devenue paraplégique à la suite d’une crise cardiaque. Ou encore Albert, épileptique, que ses copines quittent chaque fois qu’il fait une crise. Alors, pour être sûr d’avoir du plaisir, il vient le prendre chez les garçons-filles du «Carrefour j’ai raté ma vie».

Fighting HIV among male/trans sex workers in Cameroon (2013): Male and transgender sex workers: a seldom-recognized reality in Cameroon’s fight against HIV... Do male sex workers face the same problems as female sex workers? In real life, I would say that all sex workers face the same problems. Their work is hidden because Cameroonian law condemns the practice of prostitution.  Men’s sex work is doubly forbidden because another law criminalizes homosexual practices. Sex work in Cameroon is a socially stigmatized. Sex workers are subject to much abuse and violence from clients, pimps and even law enforcement. Generally, female prostitution is much more tolerated than male prostitution, which police equate with homosexuality.  Could you tell about transgender sex workers? These are usually male transvestites who are forced to live in hiding and hug the walls so they won’t be noticed on the street. During questioning and arrests, punishments often heavier when police realize that they are dealing with a biological male. Even during sex acts, they often need to hide their sex, which is not easy. We have seen many cases that turned sour when sex workers were beaten by their customers. Some are forced to work with the protection of what we call in our jargon “protect boys” — guys who usually wait behind a door so they can intervene whenever sex workers need protection.

Ivory Coast: - ‘Yan Daudu’ and Proud - Same-Sex Bonds Take Many Forms In Africa Today(1999):[In] in Abidjan, the capital of the Ivory Coast, two figures in skirts sit on a concrete block, pulling wigs and scarves and assorted makeup out of bulky handbags. It is the early evening and they have an hour or so to get ready before the competition and first customers come. Olivia is thin and handsome; Tina, more talkative, has a blouse cut so low that it reveals the shadow between his chest and his padded bra. Business is not bad, says Tina, despite interminable problems with the police. The customers, Ivorians and other Africans, pay whatever the market will bear. Meanwhile, on the other side of the road, hustlers arrive and wait for customers who prefer their men dressed as men.

Kenya: - Reducing HIV/STI Risk and Improving Treatment for Male Sex Workers in Mombasa, Kenya. - Male sex worker in Kenya with ‘important’ clients. - In the shadows too long, one of Kenya’s gay male prostitutes speaks out for change (2009). - Social context, sexual risk perceptions and stigma: HIV vulnerability among male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya (2009). - Bisexual male sex workers run big risks (2010, Alternate Link): Up to 60 percent of male sex workers in Mombasa also have female sexual partners, according to a recent study presented at the 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in San Francisco. - 20 male sex workers to fight HIV in Kenya (2012): Twenty sex workers will be trained as peer educators so they can tell other sex workers how to avoid HIV infection. The training, scheduled for this month, was organized by a Nairobi-based group for male sex workers, Health Options for Young Men on HIV and AIDS, or HOYMAS. Funding is from the Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR). “There is a lot of stigma being gay; add on top being a sex workers and you face double discrimination,” said one male sex worker.

Many sex workers are married, new report reveals (2012): A new survey of commercial sex work in Kenya, the first to include male sex workers, has revealed that 40 percent of female and male commercial sex workers are in marriages or stable unions. According to the survey by the National AIDS and Sexually transmitted infections Control Programme (NASCOP), the World Bank, Kenya Prisons and Canada's University of Manitoba, there are an estimated 200,000 commercial sex workers in Kenya, 15,000 of whom are men. The study, which covered all the country’s urban areas with the exception of North Eastern Province, found that Rift Valley and Nairobi provinces had the biggest number of sex workers. "[A] majority of the male commercial sex workers have sex with men, and this puts them at greater risk because anal sex, as is already known, is a catalyst for the spread of HIV, and because of the stigma involved, many do not seek services like HIV testing," said Nicholas Muraguri, head of NASCOP.

Male sex workers who have sex with men (MSM-SW): marginalized and high risk population with poor access to STI/HIV health services in Nairobi, Kenya (2010): A total of 164 MSM-SW have already been enrolled into the cohort, majority aged between 25 - 35 years with a median of 27 years. 78.7% of them use alcohol daily while 46.2% reported having had a blackout in the past 3 months. 29.9% of the men also used Khat and 7.9% used bhang frequently. Only 28.5% of the MSM -SW reported always using condoms for insertive and receptive anal intercourse while16.2% reported always using condoms for vaginal sex. The STIs rates are: Chlamydia at 26.1%, Gonoccoccal infection at 5% while 1% had Syphilis. 47.6% of the cohort is HIV infected with 33% those aged 15-19years already carrying the virus.. - In the life of a Kenyan gay sex worker (2010).

The Continuum Complete International Encyclopedia of Sexuality: Kenya (2006): Male prostitutes are readily available on the streets of Nairobi and Mombasa, usually catering to tourists. They are well dressed in order to be able to enter international hotels. Male prostitution serving an African clientele does not seem to exist. The prostitutes themselves are probably bisexual, many having girl friends or wives, and considerthemselves heterosexual. - Is Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) Useful in Risk Behaviour Assessment of Female and Male Sex Workers, Mombasa, Kenya? (2009).. - Perceived and experienced stigma among male sex workers who sell sex to men in Mombasa, Kenya (2008).

‘Yan Daudu’ and Proud - Same-Sex Bonds Take Many Forms In Africa Today (1999): [In] Nairobi, men come to a bar in a well-known public building for their "sun-downer"— the drink at the end of the day. Some are flamboyant, wearing makeup and jewelry. Jack, almost seven feet tall, is a 23-year-old hairstylist who has been blackmailed and arrested several times by the police. Others are more discreet, such as Odongo, 42, a gas station attendant from near the Ugandan border who left his wife in his hometown and regularly pays for the company of young men.

Ethiopia: Revelation of Homosexual Life in Ethiopia – Part 1 (2011): We follow Abiye as he moves to Addis Ababa and almost inevitably sinks into a life of male gay prostitution. He was warmly welcomed into a sub-culture that is almost impossible to believe exists in the Addis Ababa we know and live in. The community of male homosexual prostitutes has its own leaders, code names, protocols and etiquette. Clients encompass the gamut of society from all rungs of the economic ladder, religious affiliation and educational background. In the homosexual world, which Abyie inhabited in his time as a male sex worker, gender is fluid, no longer a distinguishing characteristic. Male prostitutes engage in various acts of sex, including orgies, oral and anal intercourse with paying clients during the night. During the day they search for romantic partners with whom they pursue monogamous relationships extending to and including a form of marriage. The overarching rule is complete and absolute secrecy as clients, and to an extent even the male prostitutes, have separate lives that can be irreparably damaged by exposure. Abiye chose to break this rule after years of shame and guilty when he was diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. His diagnosis accompanied by the similarly tragic fates of his friend’s made him see the importance of saving others.Below is a short interview with Abiye and Atelele, one of the leaders in the homosexual prostitute world... - Revelation of Homosexual Life in Ethiopia – Part 2: In an interview for the DVD, Ato Seifu Hagos summarized his findings which is featured in a publication of the Ethiopian Public Health Association. His research discovered that homosexuals in Addis Ababa congregate in gay owned bars and cafes as well as designated streets. He says that homosexuals are not an external entity to our society but very much a part of it.

Ghana: - Male prostitutes practice openly in Accra (2008, Alternate Link). - Gay for pay: Most Ghanaians are unaware that gay prostitution exists in the country, according to several gay community leaders. Homosexuality is considered "un-African" or a "White man's practice" that was brought to Ghana by white men or by Ghanaians who lived outside the country and introduced it to Ghana upon their return... The majority of male partners and customers of Ghanaian gay men are either Ghanaian or black, according to a study of gay men in Ghana authored by researcher Dela Attipoe. Foreigners make up about 37 percent of cases, the majority of whom are white. 

Zimbabwe: - Gay Prostitution Hits Streets of Harare (2007, Alternate Link).

Nigeria: HIV Prevalence and Risk Behaviors Among Men Having Sex With Men in Nigeria (2011): The MSM reported an average of 4.2 male anal sex partners in the previous six months. Selling sex to other men was reported by 24.4 percent of participants in Lagos and 36 percent in Kano. Sex with a girlfriend was reported by 49.7 percent of the MSM, and at least 6.5 percent reported paying female sex workers for sex. - Male sex work in Nigeria: a population-based estimate of a hidden and vulnerable population (2010): On any given Friday night in Lagos, an estimated 865 (95% CI: 707-1023) men are willing to engage in sex for money or goods with other men. In Kano on any given Saturday night, 641 (95% CI: 577-705) men are willing to engage in sex for money or goods with other men. - Nigeria: I Slept With Top Government Officials, Male Prostitute Confesses (2012).

Gay parties and male sex workers in Nigeria (2012): While male sex workers and other MSM are seriously marginalised and socially excluded in Nigeria, they secretly organise parties which provide a source of hope. These parties are always interesting places to be, where some male sex workers dress like women and refer to themselves as Beyoncé, Shakira, Rihanna and other divas, while others freely dance and act like women. At these parties, men feel secure and comfortable to celebrate and express passions and gratifications about their sexuality, while they also network and meet new friends, potential sex partners and clients. There is a cordial relationship between male sex workers and other MSM at these parties, many referring to each other as my sister . One sex worker said Gay parties help us forget our sorrows, depression, HIV and other problems, and we think about our future.  

Male sex workers in Nigeria: Ignoring the ‘oldest profession’ (2010): The Nigerian Government and its representatives have not done much to acknowledge homosexuality and the lives of MSWs within its borders. Government representatives refute the idea that women would search for male sex workers (5) or that heterosexual married men would solicit services from MSWs. The Government is making no present effort to deal with this issue. On the other hand, police do approach the issue, but inappropriately, through raiding brothels, arresting and beating, even raping and extorting money from MSWs. MSWs are a minority group whose human rights are ignored, not only in Nigeria but in many African countries. Instead of getting involved and providing MSWs educating, training and the necessary skills to do other kinds of work, authorities opt to beat them down and disregard their rights. Poverty, limited national access to education and unemployment are the main reasons for involvement in sex work.

Sexual hazards, life experiences and social circumstances among male sex workers in Nigeria (2012/2013): .The sexual health and rights needs of male sex workers in Nigeria remain poorly understood and served. Men who sell sex are at high risk of discrimination and violation because of laws criminalising same-sex activity and sex work. This paper examines the experiences, social circumstances, vulnerabilities and sexual hazards experienced by male sex workers in Nigeria. In-depth interviews were used to explore the experiences of six male sex workers who were selected by means of convenience sampling from among those who came for counselling. Findings reveal that economic disadvantage drives some men to engage in sex work and risky sexual behaviour. Subsequently, sex work may put their lives and health at risk as a result of violation by the police and clients, including ritual murder. Men's extreme vulnerability points to the need for appropriate interventions to improve well-being. Sexual health and rights programmes must identify ways of making male sex workers less vulnerable to abuse, and devise strategies for protecting their health and human rights, while empowering them economically to reduce their dependency on often risky sexual behaviour for livelihoods.

Uganda: - Male prostitute killed Uganda gay activist: police (2011).

Ivory Coast: - HIV/STI Prevalence and Risk Behavior Among Male Sex Workers Attending Prevention and Care Services in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (Poster Presentation).

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Search for Free Papers / Book Reviews: - All Papers are free at BioMed Cental (Open Access) & PubMed Central. - HighWire Press (Numerous Free Papers).  eScholarship Repository:  University of California, e-books, journals and peer-reviewed documents. - DSpace Eprints: Australian National University. - DSpace@MIT. - Virginia Tech: Digital Library / Archives. - eScholarship: U of California. - University of Southampton CiteBase. - Eprints: University of Nottingham. - T-Space at The University of Toronto Libraries.  - NTUR, National Taiwan University. - Allacademic: Some free papers to either read online or download as PDFs. -  UNESCO: Articles, Report, Dissertations, Films, etc. - Kyoto University Research Information Repository. - Doctoral dissertations and other publications from the University of Helsinki. - E-LIS: eprints in Library & Information Services. - CogPrints: eprints. - RePEc: Research Papers in Economics. - DiVa: Scandinavian University Documents. - The International Gay & Lesbian Review (IGLR): Book Reviews & Abstracts. - InterAlia, a peer-edited scholarly journal for queer theory. 

Search for Free Articles, Papers or Reports:  FindArticles.com - The Free Library. - France Queer Resources Directory. - Séminaire gai. - The QRD. - GLBTQ: The Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender & Queer Culture. - Human Rights Campaign. - IGLHRC: The International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission. - ILGA: The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. - ILGA-Europe: International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association of Europe. - Magnus Hirschfeld Archive for Sexology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. - Kinsey Institute Staff Publications. - Sexual Policy Watch Working Papers. -  NAZ Foundation International: Primary aim is to improve the sexual health and human rights of marginalised males who have sex with males, their partners and families in South Asia and elsewhere.  The World Health Orgazization. - The Body: The complete HIV/AIDS Resource. - POZ Magazine: Archive dates back to 1994.

Search for Papers, with Abstract Available (Some May Be Free): The National Library of Medicine (Free papera are highlighted). Abstracts from searches are available at: ERIC: The Education Resources Information Center (Many Free Documents). - Informaworld. - Oxford Journals (Some Open Access Content). - Springer Journals (Some Open Access Content). - ScienceDirect Journals. - University of California Press Journals on Caliber. - IngentaConnect. - Project Muse. - JSTOR: The Scholarly Journal Archive. - Wiley Interscience. - Cambridge Journals Online: Follow Link. - Sage Journals. - Palgrave Macmillan Journals. - Emerald E-journals. - University of Chicago Journals. - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Journals. - HeinOnline (Access Free Content, Law Papers). - SSRN: Social Science Research Network.

Search for Free Theses / Dissertations, May Include Papers: Library & Archives Canada, Electronic Free Theses Download. - Virginia Tech: Electronic Theses and Dissertations. - DSpace@MIT. - Electronic Theses & Dissertations BYU. - OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) Center & Worldwide ETD Index. - Australasian Digital Theses Program (Abstracts Given & Free Downloads). - Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Abstracts). - PQDTOpen Dissertations (Abstracts & Free Downloads: ProQuest). DART-Europe: Free Access to European Doctoral Theses. - The British Library's EThOS service (British Doctoral Theses Abstracts). - DORAS: Free Theses,  Ireland. - TEL (thèses-en-ligne). - DiVa: Scandinavian Theses / Other Documents. - BORA: Open Archive, University of Bergen, Norway.  - Doctoral dissertations and other publications from the University of Helsinki. - LUP: Lund University Publications. - National Cheng Kung University Institutional Repository. - HKU Scholars Hub. - Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertacoes (BDTD), Brazil. - OAIster: a union catalog of available digital resources. Free papers also available - OpenThesis.org.

To Part 2: History of Male Prostitution - Films - Books - General Information - Full Text Articles.

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