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Index: Male  Youth Prostitution -  - Homosexuality:  Biological  or  Learned ? -  -  Public School Issues -  - Transgender / Tranvestite / Transsexual -  - Lesbian  &  Bisexual Women -  - Homo-Negativity / Phobia -  - Identity Formation  &  Coming Out -  - Counseling  &  Therapy -  - Professional Education  -  - Bisexuality -  - Religion   &  Spirituality - - HIV-AIDS -  - Gay & Bisexual Male Suicide Problems -  - Drug / Alcohol Use / Abuse / Addiction  -  - GLBT  History - - Community Attributes  &  Problems -  -  Couples / Families / Children / Adoption / Spousal Violence - - The Elderly -  - Race/Ethnic Minority Issues: U.S., Canada, Europe,  New Zealand & Australia -  -  Latin America / Africa - - Middle East / Asia

Male Youth Prostitution

Contents of Part 1: Male Protitution Information for - North America - Latin America & the Caribbean - Europe - Australia / New Zealand / Pacific Islands - Asia - Africa.

To "The SEARCH Section" For...
The Best Search Engines & Information Directories, The Searchable Sites to Locate Papers & Abstracts...
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HISTORY:

Europe: - Same-sex Relations Among Men in Europe, 1700-1990 N/A. - "In all big scandals, male prostitution with a generous supply of soldiers, male servants, college- and messenger-boys played a role." (Reference: Gert Hekma,"Same-sex relations among men in Europe, 1700-1990", in: Franz Eder, Lesley & Gert Hekma (eds), Sexual Cultures in Europe, Vol. 2: Themes in Sexuality, Manchester 1999, pp.79-103. - The Gay Subculture in Early Eighteenth-Century London.

Savvidis, Dimitris (2011). Male prostitution and the homoerotic sex-market in Early Modern England. PhD Dissertation, English Studies, University of Sussex. PDF Download. Download Page. This thesis explores male prostitution in early modern culture and calls for a reconsideration of linguistic representations of sodomy and homoeroticism in literary and historical criticism. It argues that as a variant expression of homoeroticism, its examination unfolds significant ideological and cultural implications for established perceptions of male relations. As instructed by classical textuality and misogynistic stigmatization of prostitution, the boy prostitute becomes a relational category that eludes easy classification, emerging syntactically alongside the female whore in English culture. Adopting a social constructionist approach, this dissertation traces male prostitution’s ambivalent representational properties in various genres and discourses, namely poetry, plays, historical narratives, theatre historiography, defamation accounts, philosophical diatribes and lexicography. The diverse vocabulary employed to describe homoerotic relations and identities is closely scrutinised in order to expose the metaphoricity and ambiguity embedded in such terms as ‘Ganymede’, ‘ingle’, ‘mignon’ and ‘catamite’. An analysis of the terminology demonstrates the ways in which discursive systems of language, within specific historical and cultural contexts, have facilitated the concomitant textual emergence of the sodomite with the male prostitute. The Introduction establishes the theoretical framework through which male prostitution from the medieval period until the mid-twentieth century has been discussed in twentieth-century criticism. Chapter One assesses its textual appearance in early modern Italy, France and Spain, while it sets the parameters for its examination in seventeenth-century England. Chapter Two analyses the representation of the male prostitute in Donne’s, Marston’s and Middleton’s satires and Chapter Three examines the theatrical institution and the ways in which theatre historiography misdirects discussions on sodomy and prostitution. The penultimate chapter focuses on textual constructions of the male prostitute in educational contexts and the final chapter addresses possible interrelations between prostitution, servitude, favouritism and friendship as represented within lexicography, slanderous discourse and historical narratives on King James and Francis Bacon.

England: Information about male prostitution at the turn of century given in the book Sexual Inversion by Havelock Ellis - first published from 1898 to 1905. Now available as part of collected works of Havelock Ellis titled Studies in the Psychology of Sex published from about 1936 onward. Reports that "trade" prostitution by military men in London was extremely common both in and out of uniform. Boys were also involved in varying arrangements with men. London: - 19th Century - ""Some of the barracks are great centers of male prostitution.... The number of soldiers who prostitute themselves is greater than we are willing to believe. It is no exaggeration to say that in certain regiments the presumption is in favor of the venality of the majority of the men.... On summer evenings Hyde Park and the neighborhood of Albert Gate are full of guardsmen and others plying a lively trade, and with little disguise, in uniform or out.... - The Vere Street Coterie. (Alternate Link) - Inverts, perverts, and Mary-Annes. Male prostitution and the regulation of homosexuality in England in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.  - Contextualizing the Construction and Social Organization of the Commercial Male Sex Industry in London at the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century.

Soldier Heroes and Rent Boys: Homosex, Masculinities and Britishness in the Brigade of Guards, 1900-60 (Journal of British Studies, 42:3, 2003 - Abstract: PDF Download) by Matt Houlbrook. Excerpts: "In the twentieth century, the guardsman has thus come to represent both the British nation and an object of queer desire... It was through this trialectic symbolic encounter between soldier hero, rent boy, and queer that particular British masculinities were produced and contested. Those masculinities forever remained unstable, for the guardsman’s simultaneous and dissonant status generated profound anxieties. If the embodiment of British manhood could participate in homosex, the nation’s gendered body was threatened... The soldier hero, however, was also a rent boy... The desires that drew the guardsman to these sites and his interactions with queer men were, however, more complex than the label ‘‘rent boy’’ suggests. In part, the organization of the guardsman-queer encounter as a commercial, casual, and often anonymous sexual transaction represented a contingent response to social inequality and low wages—the dominant paradigm through which it was represented. ‘‘A mercenary motive,’’ noted Xavier Mayne in 1908, ‘‘is . . . most common.’’ Yet to foreground this commercial basis is both misleading and unproductive, for this was, in one sense, paradoxical. While cash or gifts could be accepted from middle-class men, taking money or drinks from other guardsmen undermined masculine status. This paradox highlights the limitations of analytic categories of ‘‘prostitution’’ in understanding these encounters, suggesting the need to move beyond seeing homosex as an instrumental response to poverty, to explore understandings of sex and masculinity within the Brigade..."

Italy: - Florence - History: Paper by Paul Halsall notes: R.C Trexler: "La Prostitution Florentine au XVe Siecle: Patronage et Clienteles" in Annales ESC 36:6 (1981), p. 984 points out that Florence built municipal brothels specifically to lure young men away from sodomy. - From:  LA CHAIR ET LA FLECHE: Le regard homosexuel sur saint Sébastien tel qu'il etait representé en Italie autour de 1500. (Also available as PDF Download: Access web page for download) The effort to get men away from boys is again noted with a date given for the initiative: 1403. Cities such as Florence and Venice had the centuries-old 'problem' of females dressing up as boys to be successful in the world of prostitution.

France: - Sodomites and police in Paris, 1715. - Homosexualité et prostitution masculines à Paris (1870-1918) - 2005 - de Regis Revenin (Google Books). - Hôtels garnis, Garçons de joies. Prostitution masculine, lieux et fantasmes à Paris de 1860 à 1960 - 2012 - de Nicole Canet (Translation) (Expo photos: la prostitution masculine du Paris ancien: Translation).

Wilson, Michael L (2006). Suspect Physiognomy: The Male Prostitute in Belle Époque Print Culture. Proceedings of the Western Society for French History, 34: 193-204. PDF Download. PDF Download.  Scholars have long remarked on how, in texts aimed at a popular audience, a wide gallery of social types has served to people the French cultural imagination. From widely circulated prints through middlebrow novels, popular discourses relied on the classification and characterization of recognizable social identities. The panorama of modern life was imagined by means of familiar figures: the flâneur, the courtesan, the bohemian, the ragpicker. One type, though, has been marginal even to the cast of outsiders who preoccupy cultural historians. Here is his physiognomy: "Hair curled, face made up, neck bared, waist cinched to accentuate his curves, the fingers, ears, and chest covered with jewels, the most penetrating perfume wafting from the whole person, and in his hand a handkerchief, flowers or some needlework: such is the strange, repulsive, and by all rights suspect physiognomy that betrays pederasts." This vivid description of the "pederast" is drawn from one of the founding works of nineteenth-century legal medicine, Ambroise Tardieu's 1857 volume, Les attentats aux moeurs (Outrages Against Morals ).[1] Tardieu's book was considered authoritative on matters of criminality and sexuality and was routinely cited as such well into the twentieth century. This particular passage had an especially vigorous afterlife, appearing as a direct quotation or in paraphrase in almost every printed discussion of pederasty – as male-male sexuality was most commonly termed – through the end of the Belle Époque. Although Tardieu's description purports to be of the pederast as a general type, he embeds it within and makes it exemplary of his broader discussion of male prostitution as an outrage against morals. The figure Tardieu outlines is not merely a pederast, but a pederast who sells his tightly-clad, bejeweled, and over-scented body. Tardieu's easy and unselfconscious movement from a treatment of pederasty as a general social phenomenon to an examination of male prostitution is central to my current research, a reconstruction and analysis of the articulation and circulation of popular understandings of male same-sex sexuality in France between 1880 and 1914...

Belgium / Belgique: - Deligne C, Van Criekingen KGM, et Jean-Michel Decroly J-M (2006). Les territoires de l’homosexualité à Bruxelles: visibles et invisibles. Cahiers de géographie du Québec, 50(140): septembre: 135-150. PDF Download. Translation. Download Page. Translation. Brussels has recently seen the emergence of a Gay Village in an area of the inner city known as the Saint-Jacques district. Based on empirical studies, this article investigates the nature of this new kind of space, increasingly common in Western cities, for homosociability. It also tries to position the phenomenon within a wider geography of homosexual territory on a city-wide scale. The study highlights the contrast between a concentration of visible marks of homosexual presence in the inner city (such as bars and associations), particularly in the Saint-Jacques district, and a wider spatial diffusion of more heterogeneous and less visible types of homosexual territory in urban space.

Spain: - Homosexualidad en la Sevilla del siglo XVI. - E ADRIANO A LORCA - Capítulo correspondiente al Estado Español de la Enciclopedia de la Homosexualidad, por Daniel Eisenberg: "El Estado Español es uno de los países con más rica historia homosexual. Se puede considerar como una constante de la historia española, a lo largo de distintos períodos la apreciación del amor entre hombres así como un culto a la belleza y a la poesía. Sí bien no existe evidencia directa alguna de la homosexualidad en la misteriosa y rica civilización preromana del sur de la península, ésta es considerada como una cultura sexualmente permisiva. Hispania fue una de las provincias más romanizadas de Imperio, y en este sentido, asimiló la moral sexual propia de Roma, quizás no sea una coincidencia el hecho de que tanto Marcial, uno de los autores latinos más homosexuales, como Adriano, uno de los emperadores más gays, fueran ambos de origen hispano. Así mismo, el hecho de que existiera un término especial, «hawi» en el Islam occidental para designar la prostitución de hombres nos sugiere el hecho de que tales prácticas fueran algo común antes del advenimiento del Islam..."

Germany: - Las aberraciones sexuales en la Alemania nazi. - Gay Prostitution In Germany, 1871-1933, Part 1. - Gay Prostitution In Germany, 1871-1933, Part 2.

Evans JV (2003). Bahnhof Boys: Policing Male Prostitution in Post-Nazi Berlin. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 12(4): 605-636. Full Text. PDF Download.

Russia: - Moscow, 1861-1917: The Appearance of a Homosexual Subculture.

Latin America: - Pleasures in the Parks of Rio de Janeiro during the Brazilian Belle Époque, 1898-1914. (Alternate Link). - Héroes nacionales y mitos: Homosexualidad masculina e historia  brasileña. 

de Andrade LT, Teixeira AE (2004). A territorialidade da prostituição em Belo Horizonte. Caderno Metropole, 11: 137-157.  PDF Download. Translation. O artigo realiza um mapeamento da distribuição espacial da prostituição masculina e feminina em Belo Horizonte em três períodos. Durante o primeiro período, entre 1897, ano de fundação da cidade, até 1930, predomina a prostituição feminina nos cabarés situados em uma “região moral”. O segundo período compreende as décadas de 30 a 60, quando a prostituição feminina ainda predomina, mas entra em cena a figura do “homossexual valente”. Nesse período, a prostituição ocupa novas áreas da cidade, mas ainda se confina a regiões bem delimitadas. No terceiro período, que se inicia nos anos 70 e vai até os dias atuais, registra-se a emergência da prostituição masculina nos espaços públicos e semipúblicos da cidade e um espraiamento tanto da prostituição feminina quanto da masculina pela cidade, conquistando áreas consideradas nobres. Verifica- se ainda a emergência de novos tipos, como a travesti, o michê e as garotas de programas e uma significativa mudança nas relações entre os diversos atores envolvidos na prática da prostituição, marcadas agora por uma maior impessoalidade e profissionalização.

Europe / America: - The Sexual Division of Labor, Sexuality, and Lesbian/Gay Liberation: Towards a Marxist-Feminist Analysis of Sexuality in U.S. Capitalism (by Julie Matthaei): "What is perhaps less well known is that male prostitution was also very common; indeed, the word "gay" in the nineteenth century referred to a prostitute (Weeks 1977: 42). Weeks estimates that about half of the prostitutes in Europe in the late nineteenth century cities were young men; I have not found comparable data for the United States, but male prostitution appears to have been common, especially in large cities. Weeks points out the continuity between male heterosexual and homosexual sex/prostitution: the interest was in sex; encounters were usually casual, not long-term; the prostitute was a sex object, performing sexual services in exchange for money or gifts; the client was a man with money to spend... There were also many part-time male prostitutes, who were working class youth employed in low wage jobs: sailors, soldiers, labourers, newspaper boys, messenger boys and the like (Weeks 1989: 207; Katz 1976: 64, 78)... Some men may have become male prostitutes because it gave them a way to live out aspects of the feminine gender role to which they were attracted -- feminine dress, desire to be a passive sexual partner, erotic attraction to a man. In a sense, they wanted to be women, and were doing "women's work" of prostitution... While engaging the services of a male prostitute was certainly not viewed as good or normal, through the early twentieth century men who did so were not necessarily viewed as homosexual, if they maintained their masculine gender role in the sexual act. When the concept of homosexual developed in the late nineteenth century, it referred only to males who took the "feminine" role in homosexual sexual encounters -- men who were "cocksuckers" or who liked to be anally penetrated -- not to the men who were sucked off by or had anal intercourse with men (Chauncey). In other words, deviating from one's gender role in the sex act was the stigmatized behavior, not sexual relations with a person of the same sex per se." (Reference: in Amy Gluckman and Betsy Reed, eds., Homo Economics: Capitalism, Community, & Lesbian and Gay life. London: Routledge, 1997. Also in Review of Radical Political Economics 27:2 (June 1995), 1-37. Also in Amy Gluckman and Betsy Reed, eds., Homo Economics: Money, Community, & Sexual Orientation in the United States.)

Male Prostitution in the Twentieth Century: Pseudohomosexuals, Hoodlum Homosexuals, and Exploited Teens. (By Kerwin Kaye, Journal of Homosexuality, 46(1/2), 2003 - Abstract. Full Text). Excerpts: "In the following essay, I attempt to trace something of the history of male prostitution from the late 1800s to the present. I focus particularly upon the ways in which the emergence of “homosexual” identity decisively shaped the social patterns of exchange which characterized male prostitution, turning it from something engaged in by “normal” men into something only “queer” men practiced. Issues of class also played a significant role in shaping outsider evaluations of male prostitution, however, and, as will be seen, even served as an important touchstone in relation to the formation of homosexual identity... George Chauncey’s insightful study of gay culture in pre-World War Two New York (1994) argues that the sexological discourse of the medical professionals initially had little impact upon the largely working-class worlds in which “fairies” and “queers” (to use the self-chosen terms of the time) resided. While sexological categorizations became generally hegemonic within the middle-class, working-class culture was characterized by an entirely different system of sexual categorization... Sexologists frequently identified “true homosexuality” with “inversion,” linking same-sex sexual practice with gender deviance. In many ways, however, this sexological notion of gendered difference simply reflected the social practice of the time... But while these forms of male prostitution, in which men and youths identified as fairies sold sex to straight men, were predominant at the turn of the century, by the 1910s and 20s they were in rapid decline (Chauncey, 1994: 67). With the spread of sexological discourse and the hetero/homo divide, fewer and fewer “normal” men were willing to hire other men, even if the worker was clearly identified as a fairy... Having “normal” men sell sex to “fairies” was not new, however, to the 1920s or 30s. The most notorious form of such prostitution, in which soldiers sold sex to gay-identified men, has its roots at least as far back as the 1700s (Weeks, 1977: 35), when a “homosexual” identity was undergoing its initial stages of development... Military prostitution was supplemented by a large number of straight-identified youths who also sold sex to gay-identified “fairies.” ... Two waves of anti-gay hysteria swept across the United States, the first from 1937 to 1940 (when FBI director J. Edgar Hoover called for a “War on the Sex Criminal”; Freedman, 1987: 94), and the second from 1949 to 1955 (the McCarthy period)... The ongoing rise of the hetero/homo dichotomy affected men engaging in prostitution in a variety of other ways as well. While previously a wide-cross section of the straight male working-class had been willing to trade sex for money, by mid-century only the most marginalized were willing to deal with the stigma associated with gay identity. The literature concerning male prostitution in the 1950s, 1960s, and even into the early 1970s is replete with stories of “deviants” or “hoodlum types” who engaged in prostitution as a means of obtaining spending money..."

Romesburg D (2009). "Wouldn't a boy do?" Placing early twentieth-century male youth sex work into histories of sexuality. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 18(3): 367-92. Reference. Excerpt:.From the 1880s through the 1910s urban U.S. reformers and police only infrequently sought out male youth sex work, but they still found it. They happened upon it while attempting to intervene into immigrant families, prevent juvenile delinquency, temper child labor, or suppress female prostitution. From the 1910s through the 1930s in Chicago social investigators, psychologists, and sociologists found male youth sex work when they examined the “individual delinquent,” the social world of hobos, the lives of boys in street trades or gangs, and the deviancies of homosexuals, whom they largely conceived of as adult men. The “discoveries” of male youth sex work that occurred while such experts looked for something else provoked a mixture of alarm and indifference.1 As a result, authorities, while compelled to make sometimes extensive comments on male youth sex work in field, court, or clinic notes, made scant, vague reference to it in their published reports. Consequently, reform and policing activities regarding male youth sex work were much more inconsistent than were actions regarding female prostitution, commercialized amusements, and more anticipated forms of boy delinquency such as theft and truancy. It was as if experts could only understand male youth sex work out of the corners of their eyes, on the margins of the supposedly more pressing issues they conceived of as their main concerns. 

Sovereigns of Themselves: A Liberating History of Oregon and Its Coast Volume VI... Sodomy Laws 1800s: "In the 1800s, sodomy laws were found in all states and territories, but were selectively enforced. In 1873, Lawrence G. Murphy, a civilian post trader at Fort Stanton, New Mexico, was charged with a "most unnatural” relationship with a local official in an effort to conceal his military contract. In El Paso, Texas, an 1896 charge of sodomy against Marcelo Alviar brought with it a bond set at $500, the same amount as for murder. The prohibitively expensive bond was punitive, and virtually guaranteed jail time or the loss of the defendant's life savings or property. This system of select enforcement was similarly applied to gambling houses, saloons, and brothels. Male prostitution existed in varying degrees, from a "elegantly furnished" 1882 Midwestern brothel to a particularly clandestine male street prostitution ring in San Francisco in 1902. Homosexuality in Western prisons was so common that in 1877, San Quentin director Dr. J. E. Pelham launched a crusade against it, advising solitary confinement as therapy.  In 1898, Boulder teamster W. H. Billings left his wife and sold his horses in order to run away with Charles Edwards, a saloon entertainer who played banjo and performed acrobatics. A Denver paper reported that Billings was "not happy unless he was trailing around the streets with Edwards" and that "if his home had any charms for him, said his wife, they had fled and all on account of a banjo player."  Among Westerners there existed a gentleman's agreement that arose from the need to survive in the frontier. One part of this agreement was mutual respect, allowing one "the right to live the life and go the gait which seemed most pleasing to himself." Historian David Dary has written that cowboys "sought to live lives that were free from falsehood and hypocrisy." This frontier code of conduct allowed many people to enjoy open relationships that would have otherwise not been possible.  On the open range, cowboys often developed strong and loyal relationships with each other. The dangers of stampedes and general rigors of the trail required absolute cooperation: a cowboy who could not be relied on found himself outcast. Loyalty was "one of the most notable characteristics of the cowboy," and devotion to one's "pard" was highly regarded. The cowboy expression that one was "in love" with someone could sometimes be taken literally. The Texas Livestock Journal remarked in 1882 that "if the inner history of friendships among the rough, and perhaps untutored cowboys could be written, it would be quite as unselfish and romantic as that as of Damon and [Patroclus]."  Many circumstances contributed to personal closeness on the ranch and trail. Cowboys frequently bedded in pairs with their "bunkie," and a ranch bunkhouse was occasionally called a "ram pasture." Many cowboys engaged in "mutual solace," a tender, expressive, and euphemistic term for sexual relations. Vulgar and explicit "ugly songs" describing phallic size, virility, and sodomy were sung around campfires. In 1920s Nevada, the "sixty-nine" sexual position was common enough among cowboys to warrant its own euphemism, "Swanson neuf."  Gay cowboys continued to be an intrinsic part of the West. In 1957, two Texas cowboys visiting the Mayflower Bar, an Oklahoma City gay bar, described their life as one where there are generally two or three gay cowboys to a ranch, who quietly recognize each other, keeping their identity a secret from the others. While many working horsemen and horsewomen maintain a quiet reticence associated with the broader aspects of ranching culture..."

Canada: -  'Horrible temptations': sex, men, and working-class male youth youth in urban Ontario, 1890-1935 (Full Text) or access via Index Page. Canadian Historical Review, 06, 1997: "... sexual relations between boys and men have generated little interest among historians. There are a few exceptions. Jeffrey Weeks noted some time ago that in late nineteenth-century England working-class youths featured prominently in all the major scandals, like the messenger boys in the Cleveland Street scandal... intriguing discussion of  wolves' and  punks,' an erotic system of intergenerational sex common among seamen, prisoners, and hoboes... Before turning to the homosexual underworld of boys and men, ...As Susan Houston has demonstrated, poor and working-class boys in late-Victorian urban Ontario forged their own  street culture.' Boys  who worked the streets,' Houston has written,  lived in an identifiable society of their own, frequenting the municipal baths and, more often, the pool halls and cheap theatricals.' Less well known is the fact that sites within boys' street culture often overlapped with those in urban homosexual subcultures. In devising their survival strategies, boys gave more than one meaning to  working the street... Gossip about men circulated in the subaltern world of boys. As John said about Moise having sex with boys, all the lads in the bowling alley were telling me about it... For boys who were interested, such talk alerted them to the existence of  men who had sex with boys and where those men could be found... Boys traded sex with men for food, shelter, and admission to the theatre, but most often, in what is best described as a form of casual prostitution, boys exchanged sex for money. David K.'s experience was typical. In 1914, David met a man on Yonge Street..."

Middle East: - Power and Sexuality in the Middle East.

China: - The Cult of Hu Tianbao and the Eighteenth-Century Discourse of Homosexuality N/A (Late Imperial China, 19-1 (June, 1998), 1-25, accessible only via JSTOR. - History of Chinese homosexuality: "The years 1573-1620 marked the most flourishing period of the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). With great developments in industry and trade, luxurious life-styles also proliferated, according to Li's book. Prostitution was a common practice at that time, due to the moral concept which advocated the acceptance of natural sexual needs, an approach promoted by the neo-Confucian philosopher Wang Yangming. Male prostitutes (gigolos) were widely available to meet their clients' specific requirements."

Taiwan: - Huang HT (2004). Policing Sex: State Power, Prostitution and the Establishment of the Sexual Order Under the Police Offence Law in Postwar Taiwan - Towards a Genealogical Critique of ‘Virtuous Custom’. Paper presented at “By Culture”, the Annual Meeting of Cultural Studies Association, January, Taipei (PDF Download). See section on pilicing male prostitution in Taiwan.

Japan: - "Traditions of same-sex love and cults of youthful male beauty flourished in later centuries, and male prostitution was broadly available throughout the country. There are even public parks which have been cruising spots for hundreds of years and guidebooks devoted to homosexual pleasures published in the 1760's! - History: Japanese Boy Prostututes. - Texto extraido del articulo "urbanismo y transformacion de la sexualidad: de Edo a Tokio" de Chizuko Ueno: "La prostitucion masculina florecio tambien en la ciudad de Edo, en otro barrio de la ciudad, cercano a los teatros. Habia mancebos para clientes masculinos, a menudo para monjes budistas. La zona se llamaba de hecho "mercado de niños". Algunos eran entrenados para, en su madurez, ser actores travestidos de teatro Kabuki. Tambien habia mujeres entre la clientela de estos chicos publicos. Esta documentado incluso un caso en el que un matrimonio compro un chico para compartirlo."

Judaism, Homosexuality & Civilisation: "One of the Aztec gods, Xochipili, was the patron of male homosexuality and male prostitution.... Polybius, the Greek historian who visited Rome in the second century BCE, wrote that most young men had male lovers. And Greenberg notes that "Many of the leading figures in Roman literary life in the late Republic - Catullus, Tibullus, Vergil, and Horace - wrote homophile poetry. " In addition, "male prostitution flourished throughout Italy." The emperor Trajan was known for his love of boys; his successor, Hadrian, put up sculptures of his male lover; and Commodus "kept a little boy, naked except for jewelry, and often slept with him." Tatian, a Christian who lived in Rome in the second century, wrote that the Romans "consider pederasty to be particularly privileged and try to round up herds of boys like herds of grazing mares"... Six hundred years later, When the Jesuit Matteo Ricci visited Peking in 1583 and again in 1609-10, he found male prostitution to be altogether lawful, and practiced openly. To his dismay no one thought there was anything wrong with it. Several hundred years later, European travelers still reported that no one was ashamed of homosexuality... "John Fryer, who traveled to Persia in the late seventeenth century, found that 'The Persians, when they let go their modesty.. covet boys as much as women.' " Another visitor to Persia in the same century, John Chardin, reported that he had found "numerous houses of male prostitution, but none offering females;" and "some of the greatest Persian love poetry is written to boys"...

Ireland (Recent History): - The Dirty Boys of Dublin: (Warning: Some Nude Pictures.) - "But 'Dirty' also means sex. Why run away from it?  As survivors of rape, incest, child prostitution (coppers, priests, counselors - the lot of you!) we have neither innocence nor illusions... In time we hope to expand  this site to include all kinds of information and data helpful and necessary to the survival of our brothers still on the street as well as providing a forum for sharing experiences and useful contacts."  - Information related to The Dirty Boys of Dublin- Excerpt below. 

"The Dirty Boys of Dublin" commentary by Dermod Moore, Hot Press (December, 1998): "I stumbled across an Irish website that wasn't intended for me to see. When I contacted one of the owners, whose photo I recognised from a previous life, he was bemused that I had discovered it, and repeatedly quizzed me as to how I found it... The Dirty Boys of Dublin  is a virtual world of seven guys, who have formed a family of sorts. Most are gay, but not all; three grew up in "care", another three were born into families where drugs were rife, and spells in prison were commonplace. One of them is currently in Mountjoy. What unites them all is that they had all been systematically abused from a very early age, and all had been teenage whores, using sex as a means to an end. These are the boys on the fringes of our society, self-styled junkie rent boys from the inner city, most born in the shadows of the Pro-Cathedral... The website is a place for each of them to tell his own story. These seven statements taken together, as the  author correctly identifies, form a strong challenge to the homogeneity of the World Wide Web.  They are also deeply moving, and leave me, as I'm sure they intend, very angry at the injustices of the world, and most especially at the way children are abused in our society. They also bring home to me my own class-consciousness, to which I usually am blind. I like to think I would listen to the stories of these guys, and guys like them, in real life, if I met them. But where on Earth would I have the opportunity? The only time I did, when I think about it, was in the early eighties, in the Hirschfeld Centre, when there was a sense of community in the gay scene. The quay queens, inner-city rent-boys with pinched white faces, would sashay in to the discos in all their finery, raucous and high as kites, and hysterically funny. They were entertaining us, showing off, earning their right to be there. Occasionally a fight would break out, and a few would be banned for a while, but then they'd be forgiven and let back in... The Dirty Boys have got around this in the classic Irish way; they've told their stories anonymously, to an unseen cyberworld, in confession. Stories of their own heartbreaking childhoods, beatings in jail, abuse from people in charge of their care, well-known paedophile who mysteriously evade police investigation, their own self-loathing and struggle to get out of their own shame cycle, their addictions to sex and smack, their defeats in the courts, their rage at injustice. They say that they're not looking for redemption; others need that, they say, not them... The manifesto pages are deliberately peopled with photos of the faces of dozens of anonymous young boys, taken  from  popular gay websites. They are speaking for them, disempowered, abused, "bad" boys everywhere, and I've never read anything like it. "Sex is power, boys!" they cry, urging the rent-boys of the world to never forget that "seducers and tricks might treat us as sex-slaves, never forget that their desire makes them our slaves!" The best revenge, their motto goes, is living well."

FILMS/PLAYS:

The Ultimate "Planet Out" Guide to Queer Movies (Subject: Sex Work). - Male Prostitution Films. - Male Hookers? Movies about male prostitutes. -  Films about us. - Male prostitution for reel (Manila): "FOR some reasons, Pinoy filmmakers have stopped doing movies about bar girls and female prostitution. Not that there are no more girlie bars and prostitution dens in the Philippine archipelago. It’s just that our filmmakers seem bent on making us pay attention on male prostitution instead..." - Body Without Soul: "As someone who is trying to help a 23 year old recover from that lifestyle, I can say the film is a very accurate representation of not just boy prostitution in Prague in the 1990s but of boy prostitution as such. I saw it, along with many other films on that subject, because I wanted to educate myself as much as possible and had exhausted all other sources of information I could think of." - New doc explores lives of male sex workers: Men For Sale. - Looking for Romeo (2008): Summary: The film explores the phenomenon of male prostitution by telling the stories of hustlers and their clients. From Nice to Prague and New York, from Montreal to Los Angeles and Paris, young escorts and "johns" share their experiences in a series of candid interviews. Challenging stereotypes and common beliefs, they tell shocking stories of love and hate, control and abuse, despair and hope. Without providing simple answers, the film invites the viewer to ponder human condition through the lives of its characters. - Understanding Male Sex Workers & Men That Have Sex With Men In India (Video). - Male prostitution in the arts (Wikipedia).

La soledad y la prostitución masculina, protagonistas de 'Chapero' (2013, Translation): Chapero, que se representa en la sala madrileña Azarte, desenmascara con un estilo cotidiano y sincero tabúes como la prostitución masculina, que rara vez se ha puesto sobre un escenario. La obra narra la historia de Nico, un chico de apenas 19 años, que en su afán irremediable de encontrarse a sí mismo huye de su propia familia. En un encuentro cargado de confesiones, recuerdos y sexo con un desconocido encontrará parte de las respuestas que busca. - Filme sobre prostitución masculina en Cuba llega a la gran pantalla (2012, Translation): Destacó que la cinta, “ambientada en la nocturnidad de La Habana (…) se adentra en el universo gay underground, prostitución masculina y corrupción, consecuencias de la homofobia y crisis económica”. “Con la película estoy defendiendo no solo la lucha contra la homofobia, sino que se puede hacer cine fuera del ICAIC (Instituto Cubano de Cine) y que este puede acogerlo”, dijo Cremata, al precisar que la demora en su estreno “nada tuvo que ver con el tema tratado”, sino con problemas de producción. Asimismo, consideró “importante” que exista un “cine gay hecho en Cuba”, porque “en la medida que las cosas se hablen y se discutan, existen”.

Una puesta sobre la
 prostitución masculina (2012, Translation): Giro negro, original de Enrique Mijares, lleva más de 100 representaciones en El Foco, con un elenco integrado por jóvenes e impetuosos actores en una puesta dirigida por Wilfrido Momox. Entre pedofilia, drogas, sexo, promiscuidad, doble moral y todo lo que conlleva un mundo de bajos instintos donde ya no hay fronteras entre el bien y el mal, la puesta lanza un grito de alerta ante el giro negro de la vida actual. Porque Giro negro en El Foco se convierte en un lugar donde las cosas “YA NO son lo que pudieron ser....”, asienta la compañía que levanta el telón como un producto de teatro gay abierto a todo público, con una desfachatez que muestra las tripas de la sordidez y la prostitución homosexual en un antro cualquiera de cualquier urbe latinoamericana. Sin embargo, el autor, Enrique Mijares, se interna con ojo socioantropológico en un congal gay del norte de la República Mexicana, escarbando en los tipos y prototipos que entran a armar este infierno. Mijares crea un texto de talante periodístico, donde lo testimonial da pauta para contar las microhistorias que darán cohesión a Giro negro, con relatos que se ensamblan a través de un narrador (Momox) que conduce tanto a personajes como a espectadores al horror que puede engendrar una vida dedicada al mundo de la prostitución masculina. En la obra de Mijares hay un narrador omnisciente.

Hidden Subtexts Offered in a Minimalist Film from Beijing: "Feeding Boys, Ayaya" " Zi'en Cui ...has created a dialogue between two brothers - the older one is a virgin who is complying with the religious concept of forgoing premarital sex with his girlfriend since he is a right wing religious conservative, while the younger brother is planning to embrace the life of male prostitution... Meanwhile his younger brother embraces the life of a hustler and even brings his clients home to his parent's house for business..." - YourTube: Portraits: Two Male Prostitutes A Documentary by Aron Ranen. - Interview With 'Rent Boys' Director (2011): 'Every Person Has Value, No Matter What They Do'... "Rent Boys," or "Die Jungs vom Bahnhof Zoo," tells the story of five young male prostitutes in Berlin and shows how the streets of the German capital have changed over the last three decades. The documentary by director Rosa von Praunheim was well received when it premiered at the 2011 Berlin International Film Festival, which has long been committed to showcasing the best of queer film....- Chamaco, un duro film sobre prostitución masculina, llega a los cines cubanos (2012, Translation). - Cuba Gay Film ‘Chamaco’ Opens (2012): The independent film Chamaco, directed by Juan Carlos Cremata, made it onto Cuban cinema screens on Monday — two years after the completion of its filming — to address the issues of male prostitution, homosexuality and police corruption in Cuba. - Nuestro paraíso, una película sobre prostitución masculina (2011, Translation): Grabada durante el 2010, y dirigida por Gaël Morel, Nuestro paraíso, o Notre Paradis, en su nombre en francés, es una película cuya trama se desarrolla en torno a la prostitución masculina. El próximo 28 de septiembre llegará a las salas francesas, y además, lo hará en medio de la polémica, ya que los menores de 16 años no podrán entrar a verla. 

Pretty Boy: A gritty and haunting story of a 13-year-old boy's coming of age as a Copenhagen street hustler. (Pretty Boy)-  Skin & Bones - What lies do men tell themselves when they get pulled into the world of prostitution - and not just your everyday street-corner hustling? - Johns (1995): "The subject of male prostitution has been avoided like the plague. But Johns tackles the subject without glorifying it nor condemning it." (A film review) - Hustler White (Film Abstract): "Santa Monica Boulevard: the boy toy walk of fame." - Sex, Work And My American Family (Abstract) "is the story of the filmmaker's search for self identity working as an erotic masseur in New York City." - Sex Warriors And The Samurai (Film Abstract): "is the story of a Filipino transgender sex worker." - Midnight Cowboy - Boxoffice Magazine - Explains how the Dustin Hoffman and Jon Voight movie vividly portrays the seamy world of New York's male prostitution. - I Was a Jewish Sex Worker. - 101 Rent Boys - Documentary. (Review) - My Own Private Idaho (Review) (Related Information).

La Virgen de los sicarios (Barbet Schroeder): "Esta pelicula habla sobre la cruda realidad de colonbia y sus barrios marginados,y como los jovenes que estan en continua batalla por la supervivencia de sus vidas,en este caso uno de los protagonistas es Alexis un joven de un barrio marginal colonbiano que se dedica a la prostitucion masculina"

New Independent Film From Michael R Barnard Productions To Explore Teenage Prostitution On The Streets Of Hollywood. ""EVERYBODY SAYS GOODBYE: is a powerful fictional story set in Hollywood when a prostitute-hating killer is killing the boys who regularly hustle sex on the streets. Schneider plays the father who discovers that the son he threw out of his home for being gay might "have been one of the victims." - Everybody Says Goodbye: "It is actually the powerful story of a man fighting to fix mistakes he has made. The story possesses hints of “American Beauty,” “Boys Don’t Cry,” and “Billy Elliot,” yet has its own unique and wonderful personality." (Related Information and Download)  - High-risk behaviors among male street youth in Hollywood, California.

New drama about gay male prostitution plays NYC Fringe Festival in August: “Return of the Wayward Son,” a semi-autobiographical drama by former male hustler BRIAN D. FRALEY about a wide-eyed young gay man who starts selling his body to make extra money and soon finds himself caught up in an increasingly desperate world of drug addiction, empty fantasies and lost chances.

Dinio ejerció la prostitución masculina: A sus 35 años, Dinio García ha desvelado este secreto que le enturbiaba la vida. Pese a que siempre se ha definido heterosexual, a su llegada a España tuvo que vender su cuerpo a hombres por problemas económicos. Vídeo: Dinio se prostituyó porque su abuela estaba enferma.

Going Down and Out in Prague and Prerov: " Such stories are rich pickings for a film director, and Wiktor Grodecki is one director who, with his film "Mandragora" (1997), has been tempted by the age-old theme of the corrupting city. Marek is pretty much your average Czech kid. He hates school, he hates his hometown, Prerov, and he's not overly-enamoured with his father, who, as fathers are prone to, thinks Marek should be hard at his homework while he himself is off down the pub. Marek can't face it any longer and, after dramatically stealing a leather jacket, hops on a train to Prague. He soon runs out of money and even his jacket gets stolen from him. He only has one asset left to fall back on: he's cute - very cute. Marek gets used and abused by a series of pimps and clients. He bears the beatings and the humiliation and becomes something of an expert at his newly-found profession and is able to slickly chat up middle-aged tourists in search of male sex with an under-aged Central European..." - The Belly of the Beast. -  "Mandragora".

APUTHEATRE N/A: Our new production is "The Prostitution Plays". Four strong short plays performed consecutively in three hours of powerful, shocking theatre. Film Shows: "The plays explore the lives of young Eastern European men living and working illegally as prostitutes in Amsterdam. Set in the public spaces of a male brothel, a street bar, an hotel suite and Amsterdam's Central Station, young men of four different Eastern European cultures give us an insight into their experiences of life in "freedom city". Czech, Polish, Romanian and Russian, each have their own history, and each their own responses to the realities that face them here." - Aputheatre (Wikipedia): In 1998 Aputheatre’s two founders, John Roman Baker and Rod Evan moved to Amsterdam, where a creative relationship was established with COC Nederland, a Dutch organization for LGBT men and women.[1] The company initially developed four strong plays which explored the sub-culture of prostitution among young East European men living in Amsterdam. 'The Prostitution Plays' together with a later production omophobia have charted the evolution and demise of male street prostitution in Amsterdam that has occurred at the beginning of the 21st Century. -  The Prostitution Plays - 2008 - by John Roman Baker.  -. Film Shows: "The plays explore the lives of young Eastern European men living and working illegally as prostitutes in Amsterdam. Set in the public spaces of a male brothel, a street bar, an hotel suite and Amsterdam's Central Station, young men of four different Eastern European cultures give us an insight into their experiences of life in "freedom city". Czech, Polish, Romanian and Russian, each have their own history, and each their own responses to the realities that face them here." - Male prostitution in the arts (Wikipedia).

Rent-boy tale rises above the street: "A play about sex workers around St Kilda's Shakespeare Grove sounds sleazy, sexy and gratuitous, but as writer and actor Kevin McGreal explains, it's more sensual, and the sex is very much implied. "It's the actors that bring the sexuality to the role," he says. Shakespeare's Boys is a three-hander with McGreal as Ronnie, an ageing rent boy, Juanita Davis as his partner, Tracy, and Nick Ioannidis as Peter, the new kid on the block. It's a story, McGreal explains, of trust, truth and love.

From Fox - The Price of Love: "Fox looks frankly at male teen hustlers ... We could've compromised the film by showing, on the gay issue, that he doesn't want it, he hates it and before he does it again, the police get him and he changes. But we said this is not real." "These young kids keep coming and keep coming over the years," he said. "It never seems to stop. It doesn't get the big headlines, and more or less gets pushed into a corner, falling on organizations like Children of the Night."

BOOKS

Adolescent Male Prostitution: A Social Work / Youthwork Perspective/ Prevention and Intervention with Male Prostitution - 1994 - by Donald LeTourneau in the book Male Sexual Abuse by Gonsiorek, JC, Walter HB., and LeTourneau D. - Young Men in the Street : Help-Seeking Behavior of Young Male Prostitutes - 1995 - by Cudore L. Snell. (Additional Information)  - Runaway Me: A Survivor's Story (A Blooming Press Co., July, 1994) Books excerpts available, including runaway statistics (Amazon).  - The Times Square Hustler : Male Prostitution in New York City - 1994 - by Robert P. McNamara. - Male Sex Work: A Business Doing Pleasure Morrison - 2007 - edited by Todd G. Morrison, Bruce W. Whitehead (Review) (Amazon). - Homosexualité et prostitution masculines à Paris: 1870-1918 - 2005 - by Régis Revenin (Google Books). - New York Hustlers: Masculinity and Sex in Modern America - 2010 - by Barry Reay (Review) (Review) (Review). - Prostitution in the Digital Age: Selling Sex from the Suite to the Street - 2012 - by Ronald B. Flowers (Google Books). - Doubles vies: Enquête sur la prostitution masculine homosexuelle - 2010 -  de Hervé Latapie (Amazon) (Translation). - Prostitution masculine, ce qu'en disent les clients (2010, Translation): Hervé Latapie, patron du Tango, le dancing « boîte à frissons » du Marais parisien, partage dans son ouvrage « Doubles vies » son analyse et ses observations sur le monde de la prostitution masculine homosexuelle, et notamment des témoignages de clients, les grands absents des débats sur la prostitution. Interview.

Honey, Honey, Miss Thang : Being Black, Gay, and on the Streets - 1996 - by Leon E. Pettiway (1996). (Review). Against My Better Judgment: An Intimate Memoir of an Eminent Gay Psychologist- 1996 - by Roger Brown (Review: "this book is more concerned with 'exploring the love lives of old professors in [their] interaction[s] with young male hustlers', p. 233"). - For Money or Love : Boy Prostitution in America - 1977 - by Robin Lloyd (Abstract). - Men Who Sell Sex: International Perspectives on Male Prostitution and AIDS- 1998 by Peter Aggleton (Ed.).(Alternate Link / Table of Content) (Alternate Link) (Book Review, Journal of Sex Research) - The Boys of Vaseline Alley, true homosexual experiences - 1994 - by Robert N. Boyd (Must scroll to locate abstract). - Hôtels garnis, Garçons de joies. Prostitution masculine, lieux et fantasmes à Paris de 1860 à 1960 - 2012 - de Nicole Canet (Translation) (Expo photos: la prostitution masculine du Paris ancien: Translation).

Travailleurs du sexe / Les Cowboys de la Nuit - 2003 - de Michel Dorais ( Débroussailleur et démystificateur: Dans son nouvel ouvrage, Michel Dorais éclaire le phénomène de la prostitution masculine. - Rent Boys: The World Of Male Sex Trade Workers - 2005 - by Michel Dorais (Review) (Foreword & Study Background / Study Sample). - Les Cowboys de la Nuit: Prostitution masculine. - Entretien avec l'auteur de "Travailleurs du sexe": Michel Dorais.). - Prostitué - 2007 - de David Von Grafenberg. - Rent Boys: The World of Male Sex Trade Workers - 2005 - by Michel Dorais. - An Inquiry into Commercial Sex in the Community of Men Who Have Sex with Men in China - 2007 - by Tong Ge, Beijing Gender Health Education Institute.(Article). - Sex Workers As Virtual Boyfriends - 2002 - by Joseph Itiel. - Male Homosexuality in West Germany: Between Persecution and Freedom, 1945-69 - 2012 - by Clayton J. Whisnant (Google Books).

Männer kaufen - Unterwegs mit Strichern und Kunden in Zürich: Ein Porträt- und Reportagenbuch - 2012 - by Oliver Demont, Walter Pfeiffer (Translation) (Review: Le monde pas très rose de la prostitution au masculin (Translation): Un monde caché et complexe, échappant aux regards du grand public: il en va ainsi de la prostitution masculine dans le milieu gay. Le journaliste alémanique Olivier Demont a consacré à cette «sous-culture» un essai qui vient de sortir en Suisse. Il s’est intéressé à Zurich, qu’il qualifie de «hot-spot» pour cette activité, attirant des travailleurs du sexe de toute l’Europe et d’Amérique latine, du Brésil, surtout. D’après des estimations, ils sont 700 hommes à proposer leurs prestations, principalement dans les saunas de la ville et via internet.

Um olhar sobre a prostituição masculina - 2008 - by Andrea Martins Vicentini (Translation) (Review).

El negocio del deseo. La prostitución masculina en San Pablo - 1999 - by Néstor Perlongher. - Lila's House: Male Prostitution in Latin America - 1998 - by Jacob Schifte (Review).

A Life Story Told in Seven Dream Periods: "Paul A. Winter's new book [The Lingering Scent of a Candle Just Burnt: A Memoir Framed by Seven Dream Periods] details his own turbulent life through seven recurring dreams. His book describes his own erratic upbringing and brings forth the awareness of teen male prostitution in South Africa.

Males for Sale - 2006 - by Ayse Kudat: Dogan Publishing. Istanbul. Turkey (Summary: Word Download).

Excerpts From Summary: "Male-only occupations such as mining and construction also significantly contributed to MSM. Paying men to have sex with other men by such means as providing protection, giving gifts, making favors, in-kind payments as well as cash payments became a regular part of MSM. However, male dominated societies have suppressed the acknowledgement of regular MSM, resulting in silince concerning the causes and consequences of MSM, including the sale of young boys and male children for the purpose of sex...Each chapter is filled with case studies based on interviews performed by Ayse Kudat herself and on case studies discovered through her research. These case studies bring the book to life, humanizing the issue while providing real life support for the author’s conclusions. The book also contains an extensive bibliography...

Chapter two includes a historical review of male prostitution and discusses how male dominance in society and a culture of silence has hindered research on this subject. In ancient Greek civilization, for instance, sex between older men and younger boys was part and parcel of the culture. Young boys were taken in by older men for the purpose of being mentored, part of the mentoring process involving sex. In the Roman empire young boys were often sold to men. The chapter looks at the important role of young boys in the elite classes and lives of Roman emperors. There is also a look at the role of boys and young men in Christianity and a look at the role of boys in ancient Indian temples and then through the British colonial period. Other historical accounts include research from the Japanese, Chinese and Ottoman empires.

The historical review then looks at male prostitution in the recent past of countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Africa, and Latin America. In conclusion, the chapter shows that males for sale have always been a part of civilizations around the world, and increasingly class issues have cropped up, where slaves were not only used for labor but also for sex. Sodomy became legally acceptable or not acceptable at different times throughout history depending on the views of the ruling class. Here the book shows that male prostituion has always existed, and asks whether we will ever be able to solve its problems...

In much of North Africa, America and Europe, pedophelia is endemic. Many young boys run away from home and end up in the sex market. What does current research say? What can we find in movies, literature and fiction? This chapter also reviews scientific studies on the subject and goes over numbers and statistics, asking “what are the common characteristics of males for sale?” Then the chapter goes through examples from various countries and discusses the different forms of male prostitution. Research shows that there are as many male prostitutes as female, but the issue of male prostitution has not received as much attention and therefore the issue is not properly understood...

Factors such as extreme poverty, incest, rape, the desire to prevent the fragementation of a family’s estate, the fact that the child may not be wanted, have been among the more frequent reasons for the abandonment of children. In history it was assumed that if you abandoned your child someone with a good heart would take it in. In Roman literature, for example, there is the tale of Romulus and Remus being abandoned in the woods where a she-wolf raises them until they grow up and found the city of Rome, becoming rulers. Males for Sale cites many other specific examples, for instance in Lyon, France in the 18th century it is estimated that one out of three children were abandoned. Current examples are cited, such as a study showing that many families in London are selling children to merchants knowing that they will be used for sex. The book looks at how abuse of children takes place in institutions. Examples are given of children being abused in nursery schools, in boarding schools, modern sex slavery, and how children are also used for trade in drugs and arms. Males for Sale asks, what will happen now? What is the main problem? What happens to these male prostitutres as a result of their activities? Health issues, suicide, etc. What are the life risks that they take?.."

A Consumer's Guide To Male Hustlers - 1999 - by Joseph Itiel. Harrington Park Press. Review: Make your professional debut / Hire a hustler & enjoy what you paid for. "...Itiel recommends the model/masseur - men with apartments and telephones and Daytimers and an understanding of the kinds of behaviour likely to gratify the middle classes.

Male Prostitution  - 1993 - by Donald J. West & Buz De Villers: Haworth Gay & Lesbian Studies.  Google Books.

Suburban Hustler: Stories of a Hi-Tech Callboy by Aaron Larrence - Chapter online - First of the twenty-four stories in the book. In it I go back and relive the first time I ever escorted.- Male Escort's Handbook.

Lady Boys, Tom Boys, Rent Boys: Male and Female Homosexualities in Contemporary Thailand - 1999 - by Peter Jackson, Ed. Also to be published in Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 9(2.3) - Abstracts at BUBL. Two relevant sections (papers): The Friends Thou Hast: Support Systems for Male Commercial Sex Workers in Pattaya, Thailand and Between Money, Morality, and Masculinity: The Dynamics of Bar-Based Male Sex Work in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand. Book Abstract and Contents available via Haworth Press'  Online Catalogue. Place "Lady boys" in search window. (Review)

Military Trade - 1999 - by Steven Zealand, author/editor. "...challenges assumptions about both chaser and chased and poses pointed questions about the wisdom of those who seek to divide the world into 'straight' and 'gay.'" Book Abstract and Contents available via Haworth Press'  Online Catalogue. Place "Military Trade" in search window. (A lover of Soldiers) (A smart and sexy exploration of the question: Why do gay men love men in the military?)

Understanding the Male Hustler - 1991 - by Samuel M. Steward, "...understanding of the causes and impulses (beyond the popular "broken home syndrome") that lead young males into prostitution." Book Abstract and Contents available via Haworth Press'  Online Catalogue. Place "Male Hustler" in search window.

Male Order: Life Stories from Boys Who Sell Sex - 1995 - by Barbara Gibson (Abstract). Related information referenced in Young People and Prostitution from a Youth Service Perspective by O'Neill, M, Green, J. and Mulroy, S. in Child Prostitution ed D. Barrett. London, The Childrens Society.  A short review in AIDS Book Review Journal. Must scroll to locate review.

Youth prostitution in the new Europe - the growth of sex work - 2000 - edited by David Barrett from the University of Luton: The increase in youth prostitution across Europe is the focus of a new book... "Youth prostitution in the new Europe." (Review: "One of the problems faced by the authors is that real information on the subject is limited in many countries. People do not like to admit that child prostitution exists, (particularly in relation to boys in some parts of the world), and very little research has been done. It is a covert activity and no-one involved wants to admit to it, whether they are pimps, punters or the children themselves. In consequence, many of the chapters use a lot of space discussing prostitution in general, and then tag on whatever data there are about children."

La prostitucion masculina - 1993 - by Nestor Osvaldo Perlongher. Information about the Argentine author.

Prostitution: les uns, les unes et les autres - 1994 - by Daniel Welzer-Lang. (Information about Author) (Abstract - Must scroll to locate.). Related information  (in French) in L'homophobie: la face cachée du masculin) by author. Reports on male prostitution in Lyon.

Des Transgenders et le Brouilage des Identites sur ;le marche de la prostitution. (Summary by L. Mathieu et Daniel Welzer-Lang.

La prostitution clandestine - 1989 - by Eva Thomas (Sunmary in French - Must scroll to locate.)

Prostitucion Masculina: Estudio Psicosocial En Nuestro Contexto - 1996 - by Rafael Ballester Arnal.

HIV/AIDS Prevention Project for Male Sex Workers in Metro Manila: final report. (ISBN - 9718508139) Related information by the report's principal author (Michael Lim Tan) in Theory and Method in HIV Prevention Projects The Philippine Experience N/A.

Prostitucion masculina: estudio psicosocial en nuestro contexto - 1996 - by Rafael Ballester Arnal. Male prostitution in Valencia, Spain. Information about author.

Hustlers, Escorts, and Porn Stars: The Insider's Guide to Male Prostitution in America by Matt Adams. Book's Home Page. Hustlers, Escorts, and Porn Stars; The Insider's Guide to Male Prostitution in America by Matt Adams

Hustling: A Gentleman's Guide to the Fine Art of Homosexual Prostitution - 1994 - by John Preston. See Dan's review of My Life as a Pornographer & Other Indecent Acts - 1993 - by  John Preston.

Prostitution: On Whores, Hustlers, and Johns - 1998 - edited by John Alias, et al. Sections on male prostitution. Book Review.

Assuming the Position: A Memoirs of Hustling - 1999 - by Rick Whitaker (Abstract). (Review) (Review). "What we have in this little book, then, are not just the confessions of an unhappy hooker but the musings of a philosopher of carnality. "Assuming the Position" will tell you everything you ever wanted to know about selling the body and will satisfy your nostalgie de la boue in a very muddy way. But it will also stimulate your soul.

GENERAL:

The Category "Prostitute" in Scientific Inquiry. - "There is no such thing as The Prostitute; there are only competing versions of prostitution. The Prostitute is an invention of policy-makers, researchers, moral crusaders, and political activists ... The Prostitute functions as a “magic sign” whose meaning always exceeds its definition." (From the book "Sex and Borders: Gender, National Identity, and Prostitution Policy in Thailand" - 2002 - by Leslie Ann Jeffrey. PDF Download of the Introduction from UBC Press. Chapter 1 is also available.) - Reconceptualizing prostitution.

Reported in "A Theory of Prostitution" by Lena Edlund and Evelyn Korn (2001, Institute for International Economic Studies: PDF Download): Ford [21] analyzed a sample of street prostitutes in Montreal matched with a sample of hospital workers in 1993. 20 female and 26 male prostitutes were matched with hospital orderlies. Other than gender, the matching was done on the basis of marital status, number of years on the job, and time of shifts worked (evening versus day). The prostitutes had higher earnings than orderlies, and female prostitutes earned more than male prostitutes (among orderlies, men earned more than women). Whereas no orderlies of either sex earned more than CAD 50,000 a year, 75 percent of the female and 35 percent of the male prostitutes did so. This despite the finding that prostitutes had lower educational attainments. In terms of work environment, prostitution and hospital work were surprisingly similar both in terms of perceived stress level, and actual assault rates.

Young People and Prostitution from a Youth Service Perspective by O'Neill, M, Green, J. and Mulroy, S. in Child Prostitution ed D. Barrett. London, The Children's Society. - Amoc/DHV: Questionnaire for organisations working with male sex-workers.

Health Messages Fail to Reach Male Sex Workers: "It is difficult to target male sex workers with safer-sex messages and health services, because many of them work independent of brothels or parlors, according to a commentary that appeared in the April 14, 2001 edition of the journal, The Lancet.To make matters worse, male sex workers are less inclined to seek health services because of the stigma attached to their profession... wrote Adrian Mindel, researcher, Westmead Hospital in Sydney, Australia and Claudia Estcourt, researcher, Barts Sexual Health Center in London, England. "By contrast, with a few notable exceptions, the male commercial sex industry is mostly hidden."

Cross-cultural Studies of Male Sex-Workers: Exploring Same-Gender Prostitution - by Bruce Freeman. Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary. - HIV/AIDS and Prostitution: The Top 25 Resources. - A literature review of the sexual health needs of commercial sex workers and their clients. - Impact de l'infection et de la prévention chez les sex workers. - Répertoire de ressources : Prostitution masculine. 

Children & Prostitution: How Can We Measure and Monitor The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children? Literature Review and Annotated Bibliography - A collaboration between UNICEF Headquarters, New York, Children in Especially Difficult Circumstances Section, Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge and Childwatch International - by   Judith Ennew, Kusum Gopal, Janet Heeran and Heather Montgomery (Second edition, with additional material prepared for the Congress Against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, Stockholm, 26-31 August, 1996).

Reaching Out: Male and Female Sex Workers - Durban, 10 July 2000: "The session entitled Reaching Out: Male and Female Sex Workers brought together presenters from the US, Russian Federation, Germany, Morocco, and the U.K.. In a diverse session where papers were delivered on research and prevention activities targeting male body workers, male and female commercial street sex workers, and men of different social classes who have sex with men."

Acknowledging the Continuum From Childhood Abuse to Male Prostitution. - Information related to a 16-year-old San Francisco male who has been engaging in prostitution. - Health and Health Needs of Homeless and Runaway Youth. - Boys in the sex business (Social Work). 

Reprinted from Whores and Other Feminists, Jill Nagle, ed., New York: Routledge, 1997. It's Different for Boys. - Demographic Information and Sex Work in Canada: How male and female sex workers in Canada differ.

Camille Paglia Sides with G.O.P. Bigots & Southern Baptists Anti-Lesbian Lesbian Equates Male Homosexuality with Prostitution. - Male prostitution in the arts.

Prostitution Resources. - Male Sex Aork Advocates. - The Humsafar Trust. - NAZ Foundation International. - Male Prostitution: Wikipedia. - Scarlet Men: The site for Australian male sex workers: Links to Internet Resources & Articles - Links.

Gayscape's "escort" listing. - HookOnline.org'd s Article Index. - Article Archives. - Interviews. New HookOnline Site: Issues. Resources. - Resources for Sex Workers by Spread Magazine.

MSMGF News Articles & Documents Resources. By Region & Country: - Asia: Afghanistan. - Bangladesh. - Bhutan. - Brunei Darussalam. - Cambodia. - China. - India.- Indonesia. - Japan. - Lao. - Malaysia. - Maldives. - Mongolia. - Mongolia. - Myanmar. - Nepal. - North Korea (DPRK). - Pakistan. - Philippines. - Philippines. - Singapore. - South Korea (ROK). - Sri Lanka. - Thailand. - Timor-Leste. - Viet Nam. - Eastern Europe & Central Asia: - Armenia. - Azerbaijan. - Belarus. - Georgia. - Kazakhstan. - Kyrgyzstan. - Moldova. - Russia. - Tajikistan. - Turkmenistan. - Ukraine. - Uzbekistan. - Middle East & North Africa: - Algeria. - Bahrain. - Egypt. - Iran. - Iraq. - Israel. - Jordan. - Kuwait. - Lebanon. - Lybia. - Mauritania. - Morocco. - Occupied Palestinian Territory. - Oman. - Qatar. - Saudi Arabia. - Sudan. - Syria. - Tunisia. - Turkey. - United Arab Emirates. - Yemen. - Sub-Saharan Africa: - Angola. - Benin. - Botswana. - Burkina Faso. - Burundi. - Cameroon. - Cape Verde. - Central African Republic. - Chad. - Comoros. - Congo. - Côte d'Ivoire. - Democratic Republic of the Congo. - Djibouti. - Equatorial Guinea. - Eritrea. - Ethiopia. - Gabon. - Gambia. - Ghana. - Guinea. - Guinea-Bissau. - Kenya. - Lesotho. - Liberia. - Madagascar. - Malawi. - Mali. - Mauritius. - Mayotte. - Mozambique. - Namibia. - Niger. - Nigeria. - Réunion. - Rwanda. - Saint Helena. - Sao Tome and Principe. - Senegal. - Seychelles. - Sierra Leone. - Somalia. - South Africa. - Swaziland. - Tanzania. - Togo. - Uganda. - Zambia. - Zimbabwe.

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MSMGF News Articles & Documents Resources. By Region & Country:  Oceania: - Australia. - Cook Islands. - Fed. States of Micronesia. - Fiji. - French Polynesia. - Johnston Island. - Kiribati. - Nauru. - New Caledonia. - New Caledonia. - New Zealand. - Niue. - Norfolk Island. - Northern Mariana Islands. - Palau. - Papua New Guinea. - Pitcairn. - Samoa. - Solomon Islands. - Tokelau. - Tonga. - Tuvalu. - Vanuatu. - Wallis and Futuna Islands.

UK-NSWP (United Kingdom Network of Sex Work Projects, 2004). Response to "Paying The Price". PDF Download

Excerpts from Section 4: "Male Sex Work": "The majority of early research into male prostitution is largely based on street workers*. This is reflected in "Paying the Price." Indeed, while the document does state in the introduction (section 1,4) that the term prostitute, used throughout the document “should be taken to mean both men and women unless otherwise specified”, there is no substantive analysis of the issues for male sex workers, or distinction regarding how these issues may be different (or similar) to those of female sex workers. Male sex workers are mostly ‘invisible’ within the consultation document...

Most of the consultation document focuses on the stereotypical perception of sex workers as ‘victims of abuse’ who have been coerced into sex work (Introduction, 1.3.1, 1.3.2). The reality for male sex workers is that, whilst there are significant numbers of individuals across the UK who have become involved in the selling of sex due to social disadvantage and problematic family histories, on the whole research conducted by the Working Men’s Project (WMP) and the experience of other projects in our network, such as the Armistead Project, is that many men make an informed choice about selling sex within a range of available options...

The majority of men selling sex in the UK are not coerced or trafficked, do not have pimps or inappropriate relationships with other individuals who ‘control’ their movements. They may be ‘managed’ in a loose sense of the word, by brothel owners or escort agency managers, who may require a commitment to working agreed hours/shifts, etc, but the individual sex worker chooses when to work and how to work (e.g. what sexual activities will be engaged in). N.B. This is not to deny the cases of younger men, for example in care situations, who are coerced by their peers or exploitative adults into selling sex. Some projects in our network support such individuals...

The reality of male sex work in relation to abuse and vulnerability needs to be considered along a continuum. There are those men who have been coerced, who have been ‘damaged’ by their involvement in the selling of sex, who are at one end of that continuum. Young men selling sex are often perceived as “delinquent” rather than vulnerable, so younger men selling sex and their service needs remain largely unseen. The exploitation of young males is often ignored because society often fails to recognize that young men are vulnerable...

Some projects report one of the reasons men may becoming involved in selling sex is linked to issues of rejection from family and society due to their sexual identify. It is important to recognize these complex issues that shape some men’s experience of sex work. “Many of the men we work in Merseyside are very much in control of their own activities yet there are number of men, who as far as we know are the minority, who are controlled by others, usually using emotional manipulation. There are bigger issues also. Homophobia and rejection from sections of the straight community. Also the gay community itself, can react negatively and aggressively to men who sell sex. I think this needs to be looked at more.” (Manager, Gay Men’s Project, Merseyside)...

But for most men involved in the selling of sex, working off-street through brothels, the Internet or from adverts in the gay press, their difficulties with finding accommodation are no more or less than other young men in the general population. A significant number of male sex workers are homosexually identified (78% of those registered with the WMP identify as gay), and often it is their sexuality, rather than their nvolvement in sex work which can present difficulties with finding safe and secure longterm accommodation...

Most of the published research relating to male sex work demonstrates that many men first started to sell sex before the age of 18 years of age (Connell & Hart, 2003), yet many also admit to engaging in consensual non-paid sex before the age of 16 years (as it the case for the majority of the population), however it would be untrue to claim that the majority of the population had been ‘sexually abused or exploited’. The organised commercial scene is self-regulating around the protection of young people...

Male sex workers are most at risk from isolation. This isolation is often three fold: ... These factors combined increase the invisibility of male sex workers, often making it necessary for them to live a ‘double life’ – student, boyfriend, companion, employee by day, and sex worker by night. This leads to increased vulnerability, difficultly in accessing appropriate health and social services, under reporting of crime (on the rare occasions they are victims of crime), and increased sexual risk taking behaviour..."

Lankenaua SE, Clatts MC, Well D, Goldsam LA, Gwadz MV (2005). Street careers: homelessness, drug use, and sex work among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). International Journal of Drug Policy. 16: 10–18. PDF Download.

Excerpt: " Through the narrative accounts of 10 young men, we detailed a kind of developmental process of the accumulation of street capital that preceded surviving on the streets as hustlers or sex workers.We argued that through their experiences in a number of varied institutions—the family, foster care, school, drug treatment, hospitals, jail—these young men gathered fragments of knowledge that we described as street capital. Once homeless, youths became familiar with the experiences and settings of homelessness—often recognizing aspects of homelessness from childhood and adolescence. Formerly diverse, disparate types of street capital and street competencies coalesced into street careers as sexworkers that not only made sense to the youth, but also formed the basis for a pragmatic way of surviving on the streets. While the speed of initiating a career within the street economy varied, the previous life history accounts suggest that these youth began to accumulate street capital and develop street competencies at an early age.

Older males—gang members, drug dealers, and sex work clients—offered emotional and financial support that opened pathways into the street economy. In certainways, these male figures—some a few years older while others as old as their biological fathers—filled gaps left by their parents. For some young men, an uncommitted sexual identity followed a history of emotional and sexual experiences with both older and younger males and younger females. This ambiguity around sexuality coupled with more immediate material and physical needs for housing and drugs may have fostered openness to trading sex for money. Ultimately, entry into sexwork marked a period of crisis for all of these young men—homelessness, failed relationships with parents or girlfriends, release from institutions without job prospects, and escalating drug habits..."

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Full Text Articles / Papers / Studies / Reports (and/or Abstracts):

Prostitution Masculine: listes des fichiers.

Sex Politics: Reports from the Front Lines - 2008 - edited by Richard Parker, Rosalind Petchesky and Robert Sember. Sexuality Policcy Watch. PDF Download.

Experience, Advocacy, and Research on Sex Work in Canada - 2013 - edited by Emily van der Meulen, Elya M. Durisin, and Victoria Love.

La prostitución masculina - 1993 - by Néstor Perlongher, Ediciones de la Urraca, Buenos Aires. PDF Download.

Abril LO et al. (2006). Prostitución masculina: manifestaciones, características y problemas asociados en las localidades de Mártires, Santafe y Teusaquillo de Bogotá D.C. Revista Tendencia & Retos, 11(Octubre): 57-259. PDF Download. Translation.

Abril LO, Murillo LJP, Hern

Agresti, Brigid Tara (2009). E-Prostitution: A Content Analysis of Internet Escort Websites. Master's Dissertation, The George Washington University.

Ali AKMM, Sarkar R (2006). The Boys and the Bullies: A Situational Analysis Report on Prostitution of Boys in Bangladesh. Ratchathewi, Bangkok: ECPAT International in collaboration with INCIDIN Bangladesh. PDF Download.

Allen, Jafari (2007). Means of desire’s production: Male sex labor in Cuba. Identities: Global studies in culture and power, 14(1): 183-202. PDF Download.

Allman, Dan (1999). A pour ACTES, M pour MUTUELS: Le travail du sexe au masculin et le sida au Canada. Santé Canada. Full Text.

Allman, Dan (1999). M is for MUTUAL, A is for ACTS: Male Sex Work and AIDS in Canada. Health Canada. Full Text.

de Andrade LT, Teixeira AE (2004). A territorialidade da prostituição em Belo Horizonte. Caderno Metropole, 11: 137-157.  PDF Download. Translation.

Arent M, Strey MN ('1997'). Introdução ao tema da prostituição masculina (breves aportes sobre la prostituición masculina). Full Text.

Arnott J, Crago A-L (2009). Rights Not rescue: A Report on Female, Male, and Trans Sex Workers’ Human Rights in Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa Sexual Health and Rights Project, Open Society Institute. PDF Download.

Ashford, Chris (2009). Male Sex Work and the Internet Effect: Time to Re-evaluate the Criminal Law? The Journal of Criminal Law, 73: 258–280. PDF Download. PDF Download. Download Page. 

Azaola E  (2000). Boy and Girl Victims of Sexual Exploitation in Mexico.  UNICEF-DIF. PDF Download. 

Baral S, Kizub D, Masenior NF, Peryskina A, Stachowiak J, Stibich M, Moguilny V, Beyrer C (2010). Male sex workers in Moscow, Russia: a pilot study of demographics, substance use patterns, and prevalence of HIV-1 and sexually transmitted infections. AIDS Care, 22(1): 112-118. Abstract. PDF Download.

Baral S, Sifakis F, Cleghorn F, Beyrer C (2007). Elevated risk for HIV infection among men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income countries 2000-2006: a systematic review. PLoS Medicine, 4(12): e339. PDF Download.

Baral S, Trapence G, Motimedi F, Umar E, Iipinge S, Dausab F, Beyrer C (2009). HIV prevalence, risks for HIV infection, and human rights among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Malawi, Namibia, and Botswana. PLoS One, 4(3): e4997. PDF Download.

Barreto LC, da Silveira CD, Grossi MP (2012). Notas etnográficas sobre prostituição masculina em Florianópolis: entre o trabalho, o afeto e a sexualidade. Revista de Ciências Humanas, 46(2): 511-534. Download Page. Translation.

Belza MJ (2005). Risk of HIV infection among male sex workers in Spain. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 81: 85-88. PDF Download.

Bernier L, Trépanier J (1994). Situations d'enfance en danger: la fugue et la prostitution chez les mineurs. PDF Download. Word Download. Download Page. 

Bittle, Steven (2002). Youth Involvement in Prostitution: a literature review and annotated bibliography. Research and Statistics Division, Department of Justice Canada. PDF Download.

Bittle, Steven (2002). La prostitution chez les jeunes: analyse documentaire et bibliographique annotée. Division de la recherche et de la statistique, ministère de la Justice du Canada. PDF Download.

Bousfiha S, Fdail M, Abdelhadi M, Owens C (2006). The Perception of Male Prostitution in Morocco.  PDF Download. PDF Download.

Boyce P. et al (2011). An Exploratory Study of the Social Contexts, Practices and Risks of Men Who Sell Sex in Southern and Eastern Africa. PDF Download. This report presents research conducted on behalf of Oxfam GB with funding from UNDP - an exploratory study of the social contexts, practices and risks of men who sell sex in Southern and Eastern Africa. The research was undertaken by the African Sex Worker Alliance in collaboration with Dr. Paul Boyce (UNDP) and Dr. Gordon Isaacs (SWEAT) as principle investigators...

Boyer, Debra Kay (1986). Male Prostitution: A Cultural Expression of Male Homosexuuality. PhD. Dissertation, University of Washington. PDF Download.  Download Page. [Related Paper: Boyer, Debra (1989). Male Prostitution and Homosexual Identity. IN Gay and Lesbian Youth, Gilbert Herdt, Ed.  New York, NY: Harrington Park Press & In: 1989 Journal of Homosexuality, 17(1/2): 151-184.]

Brooks RA, Lee SJ, Newman PA, Leibowitz AA (2008). Sexual risk behavior has decreased among men who have sex with men in Los Angeles but remains greater than that among heterosexual men and women. AIDS Education and Prevention, 20(4): 312-24. PDF Download.

Cai WD, Zhao J, Zhao JK, Raymond HF, Feng YJ, Liu J, McFarland W, Gan YX, Yang ZR, Zhang Y, Tan JG, Wang XR, He ML, Cheng JQ, Chen L (2010). HIV prevalence and related risk factors among male sex workers in Shenzhen, China: results from a time-location sampling survey. Sexually transmitted Infections, 6(8): e23431. Abstract. PDF Download.

Cameron S, Collins A. Thew N (1999). Prostitution services: an exploratory empirical analysis. Prostitution services: an exploratory empirical analysis. Applied Economics, 31: 1523-1529. PDF Download.

Canotal, Eugene Espejo (2009). An Overseas Example of "Lighter is Better": The Implications of Colorism Among Male Sex Workers in Thailand. Master of Social Work Dissertation, Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass.. PDF Download.  Download Page.

Carballo-Diéguez A, Ventuneac A, Bauermeister J, Dowsett GW, Dolezal C, Remien RH, Balan I, Rowe M (2009). Is 'bareback' a useful construct in primary HIV-prevention? Definitions, identity and research. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 11(1): 51-65. PDF Download.

Canotal, Eugene Espejo (2007). An overseas example of "lighter is better": the implications of colorism among male sex workers in Thailand. Master's Dissertation, Smith College School for Social Work. PDF Download.  Download Page.

Catania JA, Paul J, Osmond D, Folkman S, Pollack L, Canchola J, Chang J, Neilands T (2008). Mediators of childhood sexual abuse and high-risk sex among men-who-have-sex-with-men. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32(10): 925-40. PDF Download. 

Cheng L, de Die L, de Kroon E (2012?). Just Business? The Unknown World of Male Prostitution in the Netherlands. Full Text.

Chinaglia M, et al. (2008). Assessment of Risk Factors for HIV Infection in Female Sex Workers and Men who have Sex with Men in Ciudad del Este, Paraguay. PDF Download.

Clatts MC, Giang le M, Goldsamt LA, Yi H (2007). Male sex work and HIV risk among young heroin users in Hanoi, Vietnam. Sexual Health, 4(4): 261-267. PDF Download. PubMed abstract.

Connell J, Hart G (2003). An Overview of Male Sex Work in Edinburgh and Glasgow: The Male Sex Worker Perspective. PDF Download.

Costenbader EC, Otiashvili D, Meyer W, Zule WA, Orr A, Kirtadze I (2009). Secrecy and risk among MSM in Tbilisi, Georgia. AIDS Care, 21(5): 591-7. PDF Download. Abstract.

Couch M, Hong KT (2004). Exchanges between Men within the Sexual Economies of Prostitution in Viet Nam. TASA Conference Paper. PDF Download.  Download Page.

Deligne C, Van Criekingen KGM, et Jean-Michel Decroly J-M (2006). Les territoires de l’homosexualité à Bruxelles: visibles et invisibles. Cahiers de géographie du Québec, 50(140): septembre: 135-150. PDF Download. Translation. Download Page. Translation.

Doctors For Life ('1998'). The decriminalization of Prostitution in South Africa: Medical and social reasons for keeping prostitution illegal. Word Download.

Dufour A, Alary M, Otis J, Noël R, Remis RS, Mâsse B, Parent R, Turmel B, Lavoie R, LeClerc R, Vincelette J (2000). Correlates of risky behaviors among young and older men having sexual relations with men in Montréal, Québec, Canada. Omega Study Group. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 23(3): 272-8. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

ECPAT International (2001). The Sex Exploiter.  World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: Yokohama. PDF Download.

ECPAT International (2001). L'exploiteur sexuel. Congrès mondial contre l'exploitation sexuelle des enfants à des fins commerciales: Yokohama. PDF Download.

ECPAT International (2001). El Explotador Sexual: Congreso Mundial contra la Explotación Sexual Comercial de los Niños: Yokohama. PDF Download.

Elifson KW, Boles J, Posey E, Sweat M, Darrow W, Elsea W (1993). Male transvestite prostitutes and HIV risk. American Journal of Public Health, 83(2): 260-2. PDF Download. PDF Download. Abstract.

Elifson KW, Boles J, Sweat M (1993). Risk factors associated with HIV infection among male prostitutes. American Journal of Public Health, 83(1): 79-83. PDF Download. PDF Download. Abstract.

Elton, Athena (2013). Afghanistan’s Bacha Baazi Practice and the Normalization of Sexual Violence Against Boys. Draft, Conference Paper. PDF Download.

Eriksson N, Hallin S, Wikstrom T, Editors (RFSL, 2003). Hidden Stories: Male prostitution in Sweden & Northern Europe: Conference documentation. Stockholm: Swedish Federation for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Rights. PDF Download.

van Erps, Noémie (2012). L’invisible prostitution masculine. Download Page. Translation. PDF Download. Translation.

Escobar, Laura Maria (2008). Progressive care : an examination of male to female transgender sex workers' experiences within the health care and social service systems in San Francisco, California. MSW Dissertation, Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass. PDF Download. Download Page. 

Estes, Richard J (2001). The sexual exploitation of Children: A Working Guide to the Empirical Literature. PDF Download.

Evans JV (2003). Bahnhof Boys: Policing Male Prostitution in Post-Nazi Berlin. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 12(4): 605-636. Full Text. PDF Download.

Family Health International (2004). Reaching Out To Bring Young Haitians In: FHI Helps Two Organizations Work With Youth In High – Risk Settings. PDF Download.

Fernández-Dávila P, Salazar X, Cáceres CF, Maiorana A, Kegeles S, Coates TJ, Martinez J; NIMH HIV/STI Collaborative Intervention Trial (2008). Compensated Sex and Sexual Risk: Sexual, Social and Economic Interactions between Homosexually- and Heterosexually-Identified Men of Low Income in Two Cities of Peru. Sexualities, 11(3): 352-374. PDF Download.

Finkelhor D, Ormrod R (2004). Prostitution of Juveniles: Patterns From NIBRS. Juvenile Justice Bulletin, June. PDF Download.

Ford CL, Whetten KD, Hall SA, Kaufman JS, Thrasher AD (2007). Black sexuality, social construction, and research targeting 'The Down Low' ('The DL'). Annals of Epidemiology, 17(3): 209-16. Abstract. PDF Download.

Ford K, Wirawan DN, Fajans P (1993). AIDS knowledge, condom beliefs and sexual behaviour among male sex workers and male tourist clients in Bali, Indonesia. PDF Download - PDF Download.

Freeman, Bruce (1999). Cross-cultural Studies of Male Sex-Workers: Exploring Same-Gender Prostitution. Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary. Full Text.

Galvan FH, Ortiz DJ, Martínez V, Bing EG (2008). Sexual solicitation of Latino male day laborers by other men. Salud Pública de México, 50(6): 439-446. PDF Download.
 
Gabiam K, Piechowski C (2011). Les prostitutions masculines à Bruxelles. Les Cahiers de la Fonderie, 44: 66-71. PDF Download. Translation.

Gangamma R, Slesnick N, Toviessi P, Serovich J (2008). Comparison of HIV Risks among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Heterosexual Homeless Youth.  Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(4): 456–464. PDF Download.

Geibel S (2008). Addressing the HIV Needs of Sex Workers and Men Who Have Sex with Men [throughout the world].  PPT Presentation as PDF.

van Gelder, Paul (2005). Hoe jongens in de prostitutie beginnen. PDF Download. Translation. (Artikel geschreven op verzoek van het Informatiepunt Jeugprostitutie, TransAct, Utrecht. Dit artikel is gebaseerd op hoofdstuk 4, paragraaf 3, in: Paul van Gelder, Kwetsbaar, kleurig en schaduwrijk. Jongens met prostitutiecontacten: een verschijnsel in meervoud. Amsterdam: Thela-Thesis, 1998.)

Géliga-Vargas, Jesús A (1999). Ethnic identity, gay identity and sexual sensation seeking: HIV risk-taking predictors among men of color who have sex with men. Master's Dissertation, University of North Texas. PDF Download. Download Page.

Gilchrist, Laurette (1995). Kapitipis e-pimohteyahk: aboriginal street youth in Vancouver, Winnipeg, and Montreal. PhD. Dissertation, Educational Studies, University of British Columbia. PDF Download.  Download Page.

Gille, Christoph (2007). Romanians and Bulgarians in Male Street Sex Work in German Cities: A comparison between their perceptions of living conditions in the countries of origin and in Germany as an example for a broader European migratory pattern. Master's Dissertation, Comparative European Social Studies,  Metropolitan University London. PDF Download. PDF Download.

Girault, Philippe et al (2000). Sexual behaviors, STIs and HIV Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Famil Hralth International. PDF Download.

Gondim RC, Kerr LR, Werneck GL, Macena RH, Pontes MK, Kendall C (2009). Risky sexual practices among men who have sex with men in Northeast Brazil: results from four sequential surveys. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 25(6): 1390-8. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

González, M Alfredo (2007). Latinos on DA Down Low: The Limitations of Sexual Identity in Public Health. Latino Studies, 5: 25-52. PDF Download.

Grimes, Tara et al (2001). Such a Taboo: An analysis of service needs and service provisions for male in prostitution in the eastern region [of Ireland]. Irish Network Male Prostitution & East Coast Area Health Board. PDF Download.

Grov C, Parsons JT, Bimbi DS (2010). Sexual compulsivity and sexual risk in gay and bisexual men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(4): 940-949. PDF Download.

Guillou, Anne Y (2002). Les enfants des rue et le probleme du SIDA au Cambodge: parcours feminin, parcour masculins.  Jeunesses marginalisées. La revue du GREJEM [Groupe de Recherche et d’Echanges sur les Jeunesses Marginalisées en Afrique et dans le Monde, CEA/EHESS], n° 1: 29-41. PDF Download, Translation.

Gurung S, et al. (2010). Condom Use among Commercial Male Sex Workers in Kathmandu, Nepal. Asia Journal of Public Health, 1(2): 31-35. PDF Download.

Hallett, Liam Wayne (2003). The experience of the male sex-worker : a phenomenological investigation. Master's Dissertaton, Department of Psychology, University of Zululand. Download Page. PDF Download.

Hamada, Souad (2008). Men selling sex in Cairo and Alexandria: perspectives on male sex work and AIDS in Egypt. Master's Dissertation, The American University in Cairo. PDF Download Page.

Hawkes S, World Health Organization (2009). Prevention and treatment of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men and transgender populations: Report of a technical consultation 15–17 September 2008. Geneva, Switzerland. PDF Download.

Hegna, Kristinn (2003). Om å holde seg for god - Ungdom som selger eller bytter seksuelle tjenester. Paper presented at the Nordisk Ungdomsforskningssymposium Center for ungdomsforskning, RUC, Roskilde. PDF Download.

Herbst, Michael Casper (2002). Male sex workers in Pretoria: an occupational health perspective. PhD. Dissertation, Department of Advanced Nursing Sciences, University of South Africa. PDF Download. Download Page. 

van den Hoek JA, van Haastrecht HJ, Coutinho RA (1991). Homosexual prostitution among male drug users and its risk for HIV infection. Genitourinary Medicine, 67(4): 303-306. Abstract. PDF Download.

Holliday, Christopher Scott (2006). Risky Sexual Behavior Among African-American Men Who Have Sex with Men: The Effects of Peer Norms for Condom Use on Risky Sexual Behavior as Moderated by Socio-Demographic, Socio-Contextual, and Health-Related Variables. Master's Dissertation, Department of Psychology, Georgia State Universoty. PDF Download. Download Page. PDF Download.

Hudson P, Rivers I (2002). Men and boys selling sex in the Bradford district. York St John College. Social Inclusion & Diversity: Research into Practice, Paper No. 1: 37, Oct 2002. PDF Download. Download Page.

Hunt G, Chamberland L (2006). Is Sex Work? Re-assessing Feminist Debates About Sex, Work, and Money. Labour/Le Travail, 58 (Fall): 203-216. PDF Download.

Hwahng SJ, Nuttbrock L (2007). Sex Workers, Fem Queens, and Cross-Dressers: Differential Marginalizations and HIV Vulnerabilities Among Three Ethnocultural Male-to-Female Transgender Communities in New York City. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 4(4): 36-59. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

Ings, Welby (2011). Docker, Poofter, Rorter & Privates: A Historical Overview of Male Prostitution in New Zealand. PDF Download.

Ings, Welby (2003). Light mannered men: a historical overview of male prostitution in New Zealand [changes in the argot and nature of male prostituion in New Zealand: 1867-1990]. Presentation at the “Going all the way” - an event to reflect on New Zealand’s decriminalisation of prostitution in 2003, Wellington, New Zealand. PPT Download. Download Page.

Jeffreys, Elaine (2007). Querying Queer Theory: Debating Male-Male Prostitution in the Chinese Media. Critical Asian Studies, 39(1): 151-175. PDF Download.

Jenkins C (2004). Male Sexuality, Diversity and Culture: Implications for HIV Prevention and Care. UNAIDS. PDF Download.

Jenkins CL, Saidel T, Ahmed SK, Faisal MM, Khan SD, Rahman H (2005). Male sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Risk reduction through effective intervention.  PDF Download. Download Page.

Kaye K (2007). Sex and the unspoken in male street prostitution. Journal of Homosexuality, 53(1-2): 37-73. Abstract. - Kaye, Kerwin (2005). Sex and the Unspoken in Male Street Prostitution. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Philadelphia, PA. Readable online as an unformatted document text.

Kaye, Kerwin (2006). Runaway Prostitutes and Gang-Bangers: Representing Street Masculinities. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Readable online as an unformatted document text.

Kaye, Kerwin (2003). Male Prostitution in the Twentieth Century: Pseudohomosexuals, Hoodlum Homosexuals, and Exploited Teens. Journal of Homosexuality, 46(1/2). Abstract. Full Text. PDF Download.

Khan S (2005). Assessment of sexual health needs of males who have sex with males in Laos and Thailand: Some reference resources. Naz Foundation International. PDF Download. 

Khan SI, Buiya AU, Uddin ASMJ (2004). Application of the capture-recapture method for estimating number of mobile male sex workers in a port city of Bangladesh. Journal of Health, Poulation and Nutrition, 2004, 22(1)19-26. PDF Download. Download Web Page.

Kidd SA, Kral MJ (2002). Suicide and prostitution among street youth: a qualitative analysis. Adolescence, 37(146): 411-30. Full Text.

Kipke MD, Weiss G, Ramirez M, Dorey F, Ritt-Olson A, Iverson E, Ford W (2007). Club drug use in los angeles among young men who have sex with men. Substance Use and Misuse, 42(11):  1723-43. PDF Download.

Koblin BA, Husnik MJ, Colfax G, Huang Y, Madison M, Mayer K, Barresi PJ, Coates TJ, Chesney MA, Buchbinder S (2006). Risk factors for HIV infection among men who have sex with men. AIDS, 20(5): 731-9. Abstract. PDF Download.

Kong, Travis SK (2009). More Than a Sex Machine: Accomplishing Masculinity Among Chinese Male Sex Workers in the Hong Kong Sex Industry. Deviant Behavior, 30(8): 715-745. Abstract. PDF Download.

Kong TS (2008). Risk factors affecting condom use among male sex workers who serve men in China: a qualitative study. Sexually Transmitted infection, 84(6): 444-8. Abstract. PDF Download.

Kularski CM, James RM (2011). Absent Masculinity in Feminist Discourse on Sex Work. Topics in Women’s Studies: Transnational Feminism. PDF Download.

Lahiri A (2007). Report on pilot study on male sex workers migratory behavior. Network of Indian Male Sex Worker. Download Page.

Lahiri A, Kar S (2007). Dancing Boys: Traditional Prostitution of Young Males in India. Situational Assessment Report on Adolescents and Young Boys Vulnerable to Forced Migration, Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation In India. PDF Download. PDF Download.

Lankenaua SE, Clatts MC, Well D, Goldsam LA, Gwadz MV (2005). Street careers: homelessness, drug use, and sex work among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). International Journal of Drug Policy. 16: 10–18. PDF Download.

Leis, Genevieve (2001). HIV Prevention from Indigenous Youth Perspectives. Master's Dissertation, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia. PDF Download.

Leuridan E, Wouters K, Stalpaert M, Van Damme P (2005). Male sex workers in Antwerp, Belgium: a descriptive study. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 16(11): 744-748. Abstract. PDF Download.

Liguori AF, Aggleton P (1998). Aspectos del comercio sexual masculino en la ciudad de Mexico. Debate Fminista, 9(18): 152-185. Abstract & Download Page. Translation.

Logan TD (2009). Personal Characteristics, Sexual Behaviors, and Male Sex Work: A Quantitative Approach. Working paper. PDF Download. Download Page. 

Machado, Joani de Nazaré Campos; Silva, Silvia Cristina de Souza SILVA(2002). Perfil psicossocial da prostituição masculina em Belém. Universidade da Amazônia. Belém-Pará. PDF Download.

Mai,  Nick (2007). L’errance et la prostitution des mineurs et des jeunes majeurs migrants dans l’espace de l’union européenne. [Minors and young migrants’ involvement in errant mobility and sex work within the EU.] For a ‘self-reflexive’ summary of the main argument of the research in English, see Mai, N. (2007) ‘Errance, Migration and Male Sex Work: on the Socio-cultural Sustainability of a Third Space’ in Ossman, S. (Ed.) Places We Share: Migration, Subjectivity, and Global Mobility, Lanham (MD): Lexington Books, pp. 97-120. PDF Download. English Version: PDF Download.

Mai N, Gaffnet J, Price A (2003). Report on pilot study on male sex workers migratory behavior [Europe]. ENMP. PDF Download.

MAP [Monitoring The AIDS Epidemic] Report (2005). Male-Male Sex and HIV/AIDS in Asia. PDF Download.

Mariño R, Minichiello V, Disogra C (2003). Male sex workers in Córdoba, Argentina: sociodemographic characteristics and sex work experiences. Rev Panam Salud Publica/Pan American Journal of Public Health 13(5), 311-19. PDF Download. Full Text.

Maynard, Steven (1997). 'Horrible temptations': sex, men, and working-class male youth youth in urban Ontario, 1890-1935. Canadian Historical Review, 78(2): 191-135. PDF Download. Or: access via Index Page.

Mc Gabe, Ian (2005). Male street prostitution in Dublin and San Francisco: A psychocultural analysis. PsyD Thesis, California Institute of Integral Studies. Word Abstract. Word Full Text. Word Full Text.

McCamish M, Storer G, Carl G (2000). Refocusing HIV / AIDS interventions in Thailand: the case for male sex workers and other homosexually active men. Culture, Halth and Sexuality, 2(2): 167-82. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

McIntyre, S. (2009). Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men - Western Canadian Edition. PDF Download. PDF Download.

McIntyre, S. (2007). Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men - Manitoba Edition. PDF Download.

McIntyre S (2005). Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men. PDF Download. Executive Summary. Executive Summary.

McIntyre, Susan (2002). Le Long Parcours. Study of 50 youth (41 females, 9 males) in Calgary involved with prostitution. Word RTF Download. PDF Download.

McIntyre, Susan (2002). Strolling Away. Study of 50 youth (41 females, 9 males) in Calgary involved with prostitution. Word RTF Download.  PDF Download.

McNamara, Robert P (1992?). The Social Organization of Male Prostitution in Times Square. Full Text.

Meng X, Anderson AF, Wang L, Li Z, Guo W, Lee Z, Jin H, Cai Y (2010). An exploratory survey of money boys and HIV transmission risk in Jilin Province, PR China. AIDS Research and Therapy, 7: 17. PDF Download. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

Mimiaga MJ, Reisner SL, Tinsley JP, Mayer KH, Safren SA (2009). Street workers and internet escorts: contextual and psychosocial factors surrounding HIV risk behavior among men who engage in sex work with other men. Journal of Urban Health, 86(1): 54-66. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

Minichiello V, Mariño R, Browne J, Jamieson M, Peterson K, Reuter B, Robinson K (2000). Commercial Sex Between Men: A Prospective Diary-Based Study. Journal of Sex Research, 37(2): 151-60.  Full Text, Find Articles: findarticles.com. (Journal of Sex Research: Table of Contents).

Monheim, Myriam (2006). Destins de la prostitution masculine maghrébine. Agenda Interculturel CBAI, n° 239-240 – Janv./Fév.: 32-36. PDF Download. Translation. Download Page. Translation.

Mutchler MG (2000). Young Gay Men’s Stories in the States: Scripts, Sex, and Safety in the Time of AIDS. Sexualities, 3(1): 31-54. PDF Download. Abstract.

Muhammad T, Zafar N (2006). Situational analysis report on prostitution of boys in Pakistan (Lahore & Peshawar). ECPAT INternational & Pakistan Pediatric Association. PDF Download.

Nagel, Joane (2000). States of Arousal/Fantasy Islands: Race, Sex, and Romance in the Global Economy of Desire. American Studies, 41(2/3): 159-181. PDF Download.

Nemoto T, Iwamoto M, Perngparn U, Areesantichai C, Kamitani E, Sakata M (2012). HIV-related risk behaviors among kathoey (male-to-female transgender) sex workers in Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS Care, 24(2): 210-219. Abstract. PDF Download.

Newman PA, Rhodes F, Weiss RE (2004). Correlates of sex trading among drug-using men who have sex with men. American Journal of Public Health, 94(11): 1998-2003. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

Nguyen, Van Hiep (2011). Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Male Sex Workers In Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam - Implications For HIV Prevention. Master's Dissertation, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden. PDF Download.

Niu GA (2000). `Easy Money in Male Prostitution’: an imperialist Apocalypse Now in the Philippines. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 14(1): 91-106. PDF Download.

Nureña CR, Zúñiga M, Zunt J, Mejía C, Montano S, Sánchez JL (2011). Diversity of commercial sex among men and male-born trans people in three Peruvian cities. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 13(10): 1207-1221. PDF Download.

de Oliveira Lima, Wagner (2007). Ô de casa, ô da rua: território e derivas na prostituição masculina de rua em joão pessoa. PDF Download. Translation.

Operario D, Soma T, Underhill K (2008). Sex work and HIV status among transgender women: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Acquirred Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 48(1): 97-103. PDF Download. PDF Download.

Parsons JT, Bimbi DS, Halkitis PN (2001). Sexual Compulsivity Among Gay/Bisexual Male Escorts Who Advertise on the Internet. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 8: 101–112. PDF Download.

Parsons JT, Koken JA, Bimbi DS (2004). The use of the Internet by gay and bisexual male escorts: sex workers as sex educators. AIDS Care, 16(8): 1021-35. PDF Download. Abstract. 

Pecheny M, Manzelli H (2003). HIV/AIDS among Latin American MSM: tailoring programmes to their specific needs. Sexual Health Exchange. Full Text.

Pheterson, Gail (1990). The Category "Prostitute" in Scientific Inquiry. The Journal of Sex Research, 27: 397-407. Full Text.

Phua VC, Caras A (2008). Personal Brand in Online Advertisements: Comparing White and Brazilian Male Sex Workers. Sociological Focus, 41(3): 238-255. PDF Download. 

Pryce, Anthony (2003). Flesh: The historical construction of male sex work.Paper presented at "Hidden Stories Conference" in Stockholm, Sweden. PDF Download.

Rodrigues J, Grinsztejn B, Bastos FI, Velasque L, Luz PM, de Souza CT, Georg I, Pilotto JH, Veloso VG (2009). Seroprevalence and factors associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 among HIV-negative high-risk men who have sex with men from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infectious Diseases, 9: 39. PubMed Abstract. PDF Download. 

Rhodes T, Simic M, Baros S, Platt L, Zikic B (2008). Police violence and sexual risk among female and transvestite sex workers in Serbia: qualitative study. BMJ, 337: a811. PDF Download.

Rojas SYV, Escamilla BA (2007). Aspectos territoriales de la prostitución masculina vinculada con el turismo sexual en Acapulco. Instituto de Geografía, UNAM. Full Text. Translation.

Rosado IZ, et al. (2006). Trabajadores masculinos del sexo: aproximación a la prostitución masculina en Madrid. PDF Download. Translation,

Rosier, Janine (2002-2003). Rapport sur le projet de loi pour la sécurité intérieure : les dispositions relatives à la prostitution. Rapport D'information 34 (2002-2003) - Delegation Du Senat Aux Droits Des Femmes Et A L'égalite Des Chances Entre Les Hommes Et Les Femmes. Tables des matières. PDF Download.

Russi JC, Serra M, Viñoles J, Pérez MT, Ruchansky D, Alonso G, Sanchez JL, Russell KL, Montano SM, Negrete M, Weissenbacher M (2003). Sexual transmission of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections among male transvestite comercial sex workers in Montevideo, Uruguay. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 68(6): 716-720. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

Saldanha, Rafael Araújo (2007).  "A idéia é a fantasia, é ter quem vocệ quiser..." A Prostituição Masculina em SC. Master's Dissertation, History, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. PDF Download. Translation.

Salialam Jr. AP (2007). Risk Behaviors of Male Commerccial Sex Workers in Zamboanga City [Philippines].  Master's in Public Health Dissertation, Zamboanga University. PDF Download.

Samuel G, Benjamin K (2013). Calgary Sex Work Trends. Calgary: AIDS Calgaryt Awareness Association & shift: Support Services for people in the sex trade.  PDF Download.

dos Santos, Maria Lourdes (2011). Esmiuçando vidas de homens prostitutos em Fortaleza. Paper presented at the XV Congresso Brasileiro de Sociologia. PDF Download. Translation.

Saphira M (2002). Child prostitution in New Zealand. Social Work Now: The practice journal of child youth and family, August: 6-13. PDF Download.

Sappe, Robin (2000). Le SIDA et les rapports sexuels entre hommes en Afrique Noire. PDF Download.

Save The Children Sweden (2005). Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Chilcren: A situational analysis of Pakistan PDF Download.

Savvidis, Dimitris (2011). Male prostitution and the homoerotic sex-market in Early Modern England. PhD Dissertation, English Studies, University of Sussex. PDF Download. Download Page.

Schepel, Elizabeth  (2011). A Comparative Study of Adult Transgender and Female Prostitution. Master of Social Work Dissertation, Arizona State University. PDF Download. Download Page.

Scott J (2003). A Prostitute’s Progress: Male Prostitution in Scientific Discourse. Social Semiotics, 13(2): 179-199. PDF Download.

Serre, Anne (1996). Prostitution : succès et impasses de la prévention. Revue critique de l'actualité scientifique internationale sur le VIH et les virus des hépatites, 49. Full Text.

Shinde, Santosh et al. (2009). Male sex workers: Are we ignoring a risk group in Mumbai, India? Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and leprology, 75(1): 41-46. PDF Download.

Da Silva L,  Evangelista L (2004). La Consommation de Drogues Dans le Milieu de la Prostitution Masculine. PDF Download. Translation. PDF Download. Download Page. Translation. 

da Silva, Valdeci Gonçalves (2002). A representação social dos papéis sexuais ativo e passivo nas relações homoeróticas. na Revista Sanitas [Ativo e/ou Passivo, eis a Questão? ], 7(14). Full Text. Translation.

Simões, Júlio Assis (2008). O negócio do desejo. Cadernos Pagu, 31: 535-546. PDF Download. Translation.

Smith MD, Seal DW (2008). Sexual Behavior, Mental Health, Substance Use, and HIV Risk Among Agency-Based Male Escorts in a Small U.S. City. International Journal of Sexual Health, 19(4): 27-39. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

Son, Dinh Thai (2007). Commodification of pleasure: A Study of Male Migrant Sex Workers in Hanoi, Vietnam. Master's Dissertation, Health Social Science, Mahidol University, Thailand. PDF Download. PDF Download.

de Souza Neto, Epitácio Nunes (2010). Entre Boys E Frangos: Prostituição Homossexual Masculina em Recife. Master's Dissertation, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE. PDF Download. Translation.

de Sousa Sampaio, Fabrício (2012). O “ponto” da sexualidade juvenil masculina: identidade, prostituição e desejo entre os frequentadores de uma esquina profana na Cidade de Sobral - CE. PDF Download. Translation.

Spangenberg, Mika (2001). Prostituted Youth in New York City: An Overview. PDF Download.

Stockholm Hearing Report (2004). "Hidden Stories": Male Sex Work in Northern Europe. PDF Download.

Suwatcharapinun, Sant  (2005). Spaces of Male Prostitution: Tactics, Performativity and Gay Identities in Streets, Go-Go Bars and Magazines in Contemporary Bangkok, Thailand. PhD. Dissertation, University of London. PDF Download. Download Page.

Tabet S, Sanchez J, Lama J, Goicochea P, Campos P, Rouillon M, Cairo JL, Ueda L, Watts D, Celum C, Holmes KK (2002). HIV, syphilis and heterosexual bridging among Peruvian men who have sex with men. AIDS, 16(9): 1271-7. Abstract. PDF Download.

Tao X, Gai R, Zhang N, Zheng W, Zhang X, Xu A, Li S (2010). HIV infection and mental health of "money boys": a pilot study in Shandong Province, China. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 41(2): 358-68. Abstract. PDF Download.

Tereskinas, Arturas (2011). Sexuality, Social Marginalization and Wounded Masculinity: A Male Sex Worker’s Case. Kultura Ir Visuomene: Socialiniu Tyrimu Zurnalas, 2(2): 37.54. PDF Download.

Thappa DM, et al. (2008). Homosexuality in India. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases & AIDS, 29: 59-62. Abstract & Download. PDF Download.

Ting, Ming-hao (2009). The study on the male to male sex workers in Shanghai China. Master's Dissertation, College of Commerce, National Chengchi University. Download Page.

Toro-Alfonso J (1999). Domestic Violence Among Same Sex Partners in Puerto Rico: Implications for HIV Intervention. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 9(1), 69-78. Full text.

Trottier G, Lafleur I (1997). Passes et impasses : la prostitution des garçons. Cap-aux-Diamants : la revue d'histoire du Québec, 49: 40-42. PDF Download. Translation.

Truchon, Jean-François (2012). La prostitution masculine dans la rue : isolement, dissonances, vicissitudes et mécanismes de survie. Master's Dissertation, Sexology, University of Quebec at Montreal. PDF Download.

Trumbull, Charles (2002). Prostitution and Sex Tourism in Cuba. Cuba in Transition, 11: 356-71. PDF Download. Download Page.

UK Network of Sex Work Projects (2008). Good Practice Guidance: Working with Male and Transgender Sex Workers. United Kingdom: Uk Network of Sex Work Projects: Good Practice Guidance. PDF Download. PDF Download.

Uy JM, Parsons JT, Bimbi DS, Koken JA, Halkitis PN (2004). Gay and bisexual male escorts who advertise on the Internet: understanding reasons for and effects of involvement in commercial sex. International Journal of Men's Health, Spring. Full Text. Full Text N/A.

Valera RJ, Sawyer RG, Schiraldi GR (2000). Violence and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in a Sample of Inner City Street Prostitutes. American Journal of Health Studies, 16(3).  PDF Download. PDF Download.

van der Elst EM, Okuku HS, Nakamya P, Muhaari A, Davies A, McClelland RS, Price MA, Smith AD, Graham SM, Sanders EJ (2009). Is audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) useful in risk behaviour assessment of female and male sex workers, Mombasa, Kenya? PLoS One, 4(5): e5340. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

van Gelder, Paul (2005, 1998). Hoe Jongens in de Protitutie Beginnen [How the Boys in Prostitution Started.] PDF Download. Translation.

Vandiver DM, Krienert JL (2007). An Assessment of a Cross-National Sample of Men and Women Arrested for Prostitution. The Southwest Journal of Criminal Justice, 4(2): 89-105. PDF Download.

Van Gelder P (2005). Hoe jongens in de prostitutie beginnen. Artikel geschreven op verzoek van het Informatiepunt Jeugprostitutie, TransAct, Utrecht. Dit artikel is gebaseerd op hoofdstuk 4, paragraaf 3, in: Paul van Gelder, Kwetsbaar, kleurig en schaduwrijk. Jongens met prostitutiecontacten: een verschijnsel in meervoud. Amsterdam: Thela-Thesis, 1998. PDF Download.

Vanwesenbeec I (2000). Another decade of social scientific work on sex work: A review of research 1990-2000. Annual Review of Sex Research, 12, 242-287.. Full Text.

Varas-Díaz N, Toro-Alfonso J, Serrano-García I (2005). My Body, My Stigma: Body Interpretations in a Sample of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Puerto Rico. The Qualitative Report, 10(1): 122-142. PDF Download.

Villalva, Patrici (2012). Él y él: la convivencia y los sentimientos en la prostitución masculina en la ciudad de México [He and He: Cohabitation and Feelings Involving Male Prostitution in Mexico City]. Trayectorias, 14(33/34): 115-130. PDF Download.

Vujosevich J, et al. (2004). Trabajadores sexuales Masculinos. Biblioteca Virtual del Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales. Word Download. Translation.

Wahab, Stephanie (2002). "For their own good?": sex work, social control and social workers, a historical perspective. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 29(4):  Full Text, Find Articles: findarticles.com. Table of Contents.

Walls NE, Bell S (2010, 2011). Correlates of Engaging in Survival Sex among Homeless Youth and Young Adults. Journal of Sex Research... Abstract. PDF Download.

Wangulu EF (2009). Male sex workers : the forgotten minority in south-east Asia. Exchange on HIV/AIDS, sexuality and gender, 2: 11-13. Reference. PDF Downloiad.

Weber AE, Craib KJ, Chan K, Martindale S, Miller ML, Schechter MT, Hogg RS (2001). Sex trade involvement and rates of human immunodeficiency virus positivity among young gay and bisexual men. American Journal of Epidemiology, 30(6) :1449-54. Discussion: 1455-6.  PDF Download. Full Text. PubMed Abstract.

Weitzer R (2005). New directions in research on prostitution. Crime, Law & Social Change, 43: 211–235. PDF Download.

Wilcox A, Christmann K (2008). Getting paid for sex is my kick: a qualitative study of male sex workers. In: Sex as Crime? Willan Publishing, London, UK, pp. 118-136. PDF Download. Download Page.

Wilcox A, Christmann H (2006). Sex for sale: qualitative study of male sex workers. Project Report. University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK. PDF Download. Download Page.

Wilson EC, Garofalo R, Harris RD, Herrick A, Martinez M, Martinez J, Belzer M; Transgender Advisory Committee and the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (2009). Transgender female youth and sex work: HIV risk and a comparison of life factors related to engagement in sex work. AIDS and Behavior, 13(5): 902-13. PDF Download.

Wilson, Michael L (2006). Suspect Physiognomy: The Male Prostitute in Belle Époque Print Culture. Proceedings of the Western Society for French History, 34: 193-204. PDF Download. PDF Download.

World Health Organization (2001). Sex Work in Asia. WH Regional Office for the Western Pacific. PDF Download.

To Part 1: Male Protitution Information for - North America - Latin America & the Caribbean - Europe - Australia / New Zealand / Pacific Islands - Asia - Africa.  

 

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