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A GLBTQ EDUCATION INTERNET RESOURCES The Middle East to Asia (3): Northeast Asia

Index: Asia & Middle East -  - Race/Ethnic Minority Issues: U.S., Canada, Europe,  New Zealand & Australia -  -  Latin America / Africa -  - Homosexuality:  Biological  or  Learned ? -  -  Public School Issues -  - Transgender / Tranvestite / Transsexual -  - Lesbian  &  Bisexual Women -  - Homo-Negativity / Phobia -  - Identity Formation  &  Coming Out -  - Counseling  &  Therapy -  - Professional Education  -  - Bisexuality -  - Religion   &  Spirituality -  - Male  Youth Prostitution -  - HIV-AIDS -  - Gay & Bisexual Male Suicide Problems -  - Drug / Alcohol Use / Abuse / Addiction  -  - GLBT  History -  - Community Attributes  &  Problems - -  Couples / Families / Children / Adoption / Spousal Violence -  - The Elderly

The Middle East to Asia: Northeast Asia

Full Text Papers!  - - AsiaPacifiQueer 3

Sexualities, Genders, And Rights in Asia: An International Conference of Asian Queer Studies Bangkok, Thailand, July 8-10, 2005 Closing date for submitting paper and panel proposals: October 31, 2004

Section Index

Part 3 - Northeast Asia (This Page): - China - History - Films - Web Resources. -- Hong Kong - Films - Web Resources. -- Taiwan  - Films - Web Resources. -- Macau -- Tibet -- Mongolia -- South Korea - Web Resources. --- North Korea -- Japan - History  - Films - Web Resources - Books -- Full Text Papers.

Part 1 - Middle East to Central Asia: Central Asia: - Middle East / Eastern Mediterranean Region: - Iran -- Israel -- Palestine -- Lebanon -- Jordan -- Saudi Arabia -- Kuwait -- Iraq -- Bahrain -- Oman -- Yemen -- Syria -- Egypt -- Algeria -- Morocco -- Tunisia -- Turkey -- Cyprus -- Afghanistan -- Kazakhstan -- Kyrgyzstan -- Uzbekistan -- Turkmenistan -- Tajikistan.

Part 2 - South Asia: South Asia - Web Resources - Bibliographies - Books: - India - Films -- Bangladesh -- Nepal -- Sri Lanka -- Pakistan -- Bhutan -- Maldives -- Full Text Papers.

Part 4 - Southeast Asia: Mekong Region: Vietnam - Web Resources - Books. -- Thailand - Web Resources - Books. -- Cambodia -- Laos -- Full Text Papers.

Part 5 - Southeast Asia (Not Including Mekong Region): Singapore - Web Resources - Books. -- Malaysia - Web Resources - Books. -- Philippines - Web Resources - Books. -- Indonesia -- East Timor -- Burma -- Brunei -- Guam -- Nauru - Full Text Papers.

Part 6 - General Asian Resources --- International Issues & Resources.

NORTHEAST ASIA
 

CHINA: - Homosexuality in China. - Homosexuality in China. - History of homosexuality: Contrary to common assumptions,Chinese homosexuality dates back more than 3,000 years. - Transgender in China. - Gay in China. - La vie gay en Chine. - Capitalism and Gay Life in China. - China sees pride in first gay series: Homosexual rights in China will take another tentative step forward this week when a satellite channel launches the country’s first series focusing on gay issues, called “Connecting Homosexuals”. The 12-episode series will be broadcast online and features controversial issues such as coming out and gay marriage, and marks a major departure in China where homosexuality remains a taboo and was considered an illness until 2001. - A Hidden Life: Being Gay in Rural China (2006). - Attitudes toward homosexuality relax in China, but pressures remain. - First Mr Gay China 'coming out' in Beijing (2010).

Gay volunteers promote safe sex. - Beijing and Shanghai: As China's stature as a major player in the global business and political arena continues to increase, so does the visibility of the nation's gay community. To be sure, China is still a place where homosexuality is rarely discussed out in the open, and in all but a few very large cities, you'll find no organized gay scene. But the times are changing - China decriminalized homosexuality in the late '90s, and prior to its communist revolution in 1949, the country had been relatively tolerant of gay people, at least from a cultural and religious perspective, for centuries. Although the Chinese government is still a long way from passing any laws that actually protect GLBT citizens and visitors from discrimination, life for gay people in the nation's leading tourist destinations - Beijing and Shanghai - continues to improve... - Aids in China: Discourses on Sexuality and Sexual Practices. - Sexual identity among men who have sex with men in Shanghai.

Police Shut Down Gay, Lesbian Event: Government Persecutes Civil Society Groups That Address HIV/AIDS.- Police call halt to China's first gay cultural festival. - China blocks popular gay website. - China Shuts Down Gay Web Sites. - Gay man accuses Tsinghua of discrimination: Xiao Tian, a gay man, sparked an uproar in the gay community in the capital after he accused the prestigious Tsinghua University of discriminating against gays...- China's gay cultural revolution. - Gay revolution puts red China in the pink. - Gays in China taking steps toward equality at Hong Kong conference. - Crime, Disease, Sex, and Abnormal Love: Sexual Minorities under Dominant Gaze in Chinese Media. - Chinese gay rights activists encouraged after Taiwan visit.

The Rapid Development of the LGBT Communities in China (Yaqi Guo, Beijing Gender Health Education Institute). (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "During the 1980s, homosexuals in China were undercover: only personal relationships existed. The emergence of AIDS brought the existence of ‘homosexuality’ to the general public for the first time, but it also misled people to think that homosexuals are filthy, horrifying and contemptible. Due to the neglect shown towards homosexuals, some LGBT volunteers started to work on publicity and behavior-intervention against AIDS in the 1990’s. At the same time, small groups of people providing help to homosexuals also came forth. These were the initial LGBT communities in China. Entering the new millennium, groups of volunteers mushroomed in LGBT communities of many places and organized a variety of activities. In 2003, Beijing Gender Health Education Institute organized a series of activities among homosexuals in Kunming, Nanjing and Beijing to share experiences and to build the foundation for further development of local communities."

Beijing's 'Lala' scene: A Chinese Lesbian speaks out. - China's gay comrades take first step.- The Chinese Government: It's OK to be gay. - China launches first gay TV show. - China gay group 'gets approval'. An insight into gay life in China: A lot can change in six years: At least that's the experience of Didier Zheng, an openly gay Chinese man who just wrapped up a stint hosting China's first Internet television show devoted to addressing homosexual issues... - China's First Gay Internet Show Ends Season. - China sees pride in first gay series. - Is China ready for gay TV? - Gay Marriage proposed by Chinese sociologist. - A Hidden Life: Being Gay in Rural China. - 16, Gay and Homeless in China.

The Emergence of Lala Community in Shanghai (Yip Lo Lucetta Kam, Chinese University HK) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "With the popularity of the Internet and the emergence of lesbian and gay friendly public spaces such as bars, Lala communities have begun to appear in many major cities in China. Lala is popularly used as a local identity for women with same-sex desires. During the past decade, we have witnessed the rise of Shanghai as a new metropolitan centre in China. In recent years, scattered Lala gatherings such as parties and discussion groups were told to be held in Shanghai semi-openly. The city has become one of the most vibrant sites of Lala community in the country. Cyber space has been the most active meeting and interaction point for Lalas. Websites such as Aladao and Lala Club etc. have turned popular both for Lalas in Shanghai and other cities in China. Offline in the real space, the flourishing development of gay and lesbian friendly bars in the city in recent years is also believed to play a significant role in forming and shaping the local Lala community. My study aims to map out this recently emerged community both by its physical locations (that is, the physical spaces that it makes itself visible) and its discursive trajectory (that is, the discursive forces that it used to make itself recognizable and identifiable). Ethnographic field visits and in-depth interview are major research methods." - Volunteers run China's first lesbian helpline.

Heterotopias of Same-Sex Intimacies: Schoolgirls’ Tales and Practices of Transgressive Emotionality and Sexuality in Postsocialist China (Pik Ki Leung, University of Cambridge) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "In this paper, I draw on the Foucauldian notion of ‘heterotopia’ to illuminate Shanghai schoolgirls’ expressive and performative enactment of a she-self desiring another she in their journey through schooling. Heterotopias of same-sex intimacies in school space disrupt the heteronormativity so unrelentingly (en)forced through various disciplinary technologies from teachers’ pastoral surveillance to public condemnation (e.g., in moral education classes) of emotional intimacies and physical affection deemed falling into the category of tongxinglian (lit. same-sex love)/homosexuality. Such heterotopias range from both the spectacle of kisses and embraces in the school green and clandestine behavioural intimacies in the classroom which have escaped the scrutinizing gaze of the school to schoolgirls’ narratives of same-sex emotional bonds and erotic experiences happening in different spatio-temporal sites of their school life, e.g., dormitory, school excursions. Perhaps what is most intriguing about the revelation of the graphic/telling/intricate details of the experiences of same-sex intimacies is their own self-positioning on the friendship-eroticized intimacy continuum as they recount their emotional/erotic adventures. While many of them would rather portray their same-sex relationships as passionate friendships, some of them gingerly embrace ‘lesbianism’ as they seek to name the intense emotional attractions and erotic fantasies they have towards another girl. This paper relates on the one hand schoolgirls’ ingenious negotiations of the school’s governmental impulses to circumscribe the legitimate expressions of sexuality and depicts on the other hand their struggles for emotional autonomy and sexual subjectivity through the exploration of alternative identities/identifications of which the lesbian identity/identification is but one." - Homosexual behaviour without homosexual identity: The case of Chinese men having sex with men (MSM).

Suppressed Voice or Silence by Choice?—Lesbians and the Emerging Lesbian Communities in Contemporary China (Bin Xu, Institute for Tongzhi Studies) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "While women’s studies is still trying to get more attention from mainstream male scholars in China, most researchers simply leave lesbians out on purpose. After examining the reason of the lack of lesbian studies, I explore the emerging lesbian community in China, taking examples of the city of Beijing and a popular lesbian website, and explain how the community in the virtual space help shaping the one in real life. I also trace the ups and downs of the only lesbian group in China, Beijing Sisters. By analyzing the event that caused the dissolution of the group and the following heated discussion within lesbian community, I examine the different attitudes towards lesbian activism and the struggles lesbian face in contemporary China. In the end, I propose the strategies for lesbian community building as well as for promoting the lesbian visibility in both academe and general public."

PFLAG Organizing in China: Recent Experiences (Weiguo Gu, Chi Heng Foundation) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "Concerned about the lack of a support network for the marginalised LGBT people in China such as the Gay movements in the US, the Chi Heng Foundation has started to organise a Chinese version of PFLAG. Currently the work focuses on two projects: The first is the construction of a PFLAG website in Chinese to be used as a starting point to introduce PFLAG to the general public and get like-minded activists united to work towards the elimination of discrimination and prejudice against gays, lesbians and other sexual minorities. The other is the compilation of a book which consists a of collection of original articles written by accepting family members and friends of lesbians and gays recounting how they came to be accepting. It is hoped that such a book will enlighten the misinformed public and increase their understanding of LGBT people."

Homosexuals in Modern China: Four 'Recent' Press Reports. (Alternate Link) (Alternate Link) - Homosexuality in China. -  Tong xing lian : In China, word spreads on the love that dare not speak its name. - Chinese still reluctant to accept homosexuality; Crusader brings his cause to The City. - Court declares homosexuality abnormal. (Alternate Link)  - The Mekong Region 'Sexual abnormalities' ordered off airwaves after complaints to PM  - Increasing acceptance of homosexuality in China. - Filtered Voices: representing gay people in today's China (PDF Download). Strong China presence at HK’s Tongzhi conf: "China delegates to the Fifth Tongzhi Conference in HK earlier this month are optimistic about the future; delegates report that numerous gay communities have sprung up across China..." -  La police chinoise a arrêté 37 homosexuels dans le cadre d'une campagne nationale ''anti-vice''. - Police shut down Gay and Lesbian Culture Festival. - Chinese Traditional Culture and Modern Recognition of Gay Rights (PDF Download). - Transgender Rights in China.

C S S S M: Chinese Society for the Study of Sexual Minorities; A Newsletter.  - (English Version of Newsletter.) - Gay Rights in China: A 2003 Update. - Gay China Homepage. - CSSSM News Digest Special Issue: Open Debate on Homosexuality in China and CSSSM in 1997. - Chinese Cultural Studies: The Homosexual Tradition in China: Selections from Chinese Homosexual Literature. - I Am by Nature a Boy: Portrayals of Gays in Recent Chinese Film and Literature. - Farewell, my Comcubine. - Homosexual Behaviors in Contemporary China. - Sexualités et vulnérabilité au VIH en Chine, un regard anthropologique (Sexualities and HIV/AIDS vulnerability in China, an anthropological perspective).

The first national lesbian conference in China N/A. - Lesbian Organising in China. - Lesbians in China's Mainland: A Brief Introduction. - At the Juncture of Censure and Mass Voyeurism: Narratives of Female Homoerotic Desire in Post-Mao China. - Lesbianism in China. - Male homosexuality in contemporary mainland China. - From "Long Yang" and "Dui Shi" to Tongzhi: Homosexuality in China. - China cracks down on gays. - Gay and Lesbian Community Takes Shape in China. - Beijing's 'Secret' Gay Web Confab. - On the fringe of Shanghai: "Gay culture is decidedly unwelcome around China. Shanghai is more tolerant. There are a few gay clubs, but they move often, part of the same cat and mouse game played with authorities as the most outlandish discos. Still, the gay scene fares much better than other areas of the underground." - Chinese lesbians commit suicide N/A. - Lesbian hotline and magazine in China. - Couple arrested in east China for running gay prostitution bar.

East China's college students surveyed on sex views: "about 60 percent of the students hold a tolerant view about homosexuality, thinking it should be permitted openly." - China AIDS activist riled officials. - AIDS and Homosexuality in China. - AIDS in China. - China: AIDS cases due to gay male sex. - A Walk in the Park: Frames and Positions in AIDS Prevention Outreach among Gay Men in China (Word 97 Download). - China's Gay Activists Cheer New Openness on AIDS. - China launches first gay HIV survey. - China's First Homegrown Gay and AIDS Activist, Wan Yan Hai.

Chinese AIDS Activist is Missing - Police Suspected. - Chinese AIDS Activist in Police Custody; 1 Million Infected? - Chinese AIDS Activist Honored Despite Ongoing Detention. - Chinese HIV/AIDS activists detained as epidemic worsens. - China's Best-Known AIDS Activist is Released. 

Lonely Battle Against AIDS in China: Health: Prejudice, ignorance are rife as disease's toll rises: "But amid the media coverage, almost nothing has been said about acquired immune deficiency syndrome's inroads among gay men. The taboo against talking about sex in general and homosexuality in particular remains a block against getting information to those in need. Only a handful of people are trying to break the silence. Even the China Society for the Prevention of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Disease, composed of officials, doctors and researchers, stays relatively mute on the issue of gays and the disease." - AIDS, gay rights activist battles Chinese mores.

“A Strange Love Affair”: Chinese Authorities Embrace Unification Church's Teaching on Sexuality: "Wan Yanhai is a grassroots gay rights and HIV/AIDS education activist from China who frequently travels between the Los Angeles area and Beijing. Wan has made a name for himself as China’s most visible activist on these issues. His work involves getting comprehensive information on sexuality directly to people with AIDS, the gay community, and educators in China. His Chinese-language Web site called Aizhi Action, educates readers about various sexual orientations and contains translated versions of research reports from the Henry J. Kaiser Foundation and SIECUS. His recently published article called “A Strange Love Affair” uncovered the conservative, family-values ideology of the Unification Church, which had previously received the support of various Chinese bureaucracies, including the Ministries of Health and Education, to spread its gospel in China. According to the United Nations’ AIDS epidemic update, released in December 2001, the number of HIV infected people has risen above one million in China, more than double the 1999 figure. Reported HIV infections rose by 67 percent in the first six months of 2001, and many authorities believe the actual numbers may be two to three times as high. The Unification Church has a history of teaching abstinence-only sexuality education in the United States...

AIDS Prevention in a Different Way—Innovative Outreach Approach Towards MSM in China (Yi Mu Shen, Chi Heng Foundation) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "In China, the existence of the MSM population was not officially acknowledged until very recently. Therefore, past AIDS prevention programmes have largely ignored this marginalised sexual minority group. The unique characteristics of the MSM population require an innovative approach to intervention, in which the stigma, discrimination and other social barriers that hinder the effectiveness of prevention must be removed. The Chi Heng Foundation’s MSM Outreach Programme aims at improving MSM’s safer sex awareness and reducing their risk behaviours. It is community-based and involves no moral judgment, focusing only on the target group’s health. This non-judgmental attitude has proved to be essential in winning the trust and support of the target MSM community. The programme’s volunteers are gay men themselves, so the MSM community can easily identify with them. They regularly visit gay cruising grounds and other gay venues (including gay bars, gay bathhouses, etc.) to hand out condoms, lubricants and educational leaflets about safer sex. They also proactively communicate with the men on topics of sexual health. This paper shares the experiences of the volunteers of the MSM Outreach programme and assesses the impact of this innovative approach on AIDS prevention among MSM in China." - China- HIV protestors detained. - China conducts 1st survey on homosexual HIV carriers. - China's gay men know little about AIDS: survey. - China facing gay AIDS epidemic. - HIV infection in Chinese gay men climbing at alarming rate. - Beijing gay venues join AIDS intervention campaign. - Beijing Gay Venues Launch Safe Sex Education Campaign.  - China's first gay hotline in use against AIDS.

Tough Road Ahead: Successes and Challenges of HIV Prevention for MSM in China (Chung To, Chi Heng Foundation) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "The Chi Heng Foundation’s HIV/AIDS intervention programme for MSM was one of the first in mainland China that targeted this sexual minority group which had virtually been ignored by previous programmes. This programme is community-based and focuses on mobilizing activists (outreach volunteers) from local MSM communities to disseminate information on HIV/AIDS prevention and promote safer sex in their own communities. To help the outreach volunteers to do a better job, various training workshops have been organised for them in collaboration with local health professionals. An on-line resource centre dedicated to HIV/AIDS prevention and sexual health for MSM has also been constructed to reach out to MSM Internet users. To date, the programme has extended to ten major cities in China including Hong Kong SAR. The programme coordinator travels regularly to these cities to supervise volunteers’ work. The challenges that the programme faces at present are lack of funding, talents, etc. Organisational development also poses some problems which need to be tackled in order to achieve greater success." - Chinese gay volunteers promote safe sex. - The HIV related risks among men having sex with men in rural Yunnan, China: a qualitative study.

Sexual dominance and daring in homophobic China: - one of the first modern Chinese films to deal so directly and outspokenly with gay themes: East Palace, West Palace.-  Chinese psychiatrists debate meaning of sex orientation: homosexuality still formally perceived to reflect mental disorder. (Alternate Link)  - The Chinese Psychiatric Association decides that being gay is no longer a disease. - Gays in China Step Out, With One Foot in Closet. - Preliminary results - Study of Gay/Bi Males in China: "Voices of Gay Men in China." - Gay Rights in 90's China. - 'Is There Anything Wrong with Love? Young gays are having trouble finding their place in modern Chinese society. - Testing China's Censors With a Gay Love Story. - Stanley Kwan: Between Chinas: "is latest ground-breaking film, "Lan Yu," shot without permits in Beijing, offers the first realistic portrayal of gay men in mainland China.

Sexual Work and Its Public Policies in China: "Gay male commercial sexual work is common in contemporary China, especially in some of the big and open cities. It is estimated that there are several thousand gay male sexual workers in Beijing "alone. - Police in southwest China's Chongqing raid city's largest gay brothel. - Chinese men jailed for operating gay prostitute ring. - Utopia: Homosexulaity and the Law in China. - Homosexuals in China: More Tolerance, Less Prejudice. - China’s timid coming out. - Interview with Li Yinhe on Homosexuality. - Coming out in China - July 9, 2002. - China Comes Out of the Closet. - Chinese gays breaking down taboos.

Magnus Hirschfeld Archive for Sexology: Index Page: China: - Homoerotic, Homosexual, and Ambisexual Behaviors. - Gender Conflicted Persons. - HIV/AIDS. 

History: - History of Homosexuality In China [revised edition]. - Sexuality and Gender Roles in Ancient China. - Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China - 1992 - by Bret Hinsch (25 Sample Pages). - History of Homosexuality in China. - History of Chinese homosexuality. - History of Sex: Ancient China. - Homosexuality in Chinese Literature. - Male homosexuality in traditional Chinese literature. - Some Gay Chinese literature.  - A Gay Novel From China: So I am going through the bookshelves in this apartment, and I find an English-language book titled "Silent Opera."  Hmm, I think, how could an opera be silent?  I am perplexed.  I look at the name of the author.  Li Yu?  Who?  I've never heard of him before.  I read the biography.  Li Yu (1610/1611-1680) is the author of The Carnal Prayer Mat.  Ah, I know that book, as would any hot-blooded teenage Chinese boy with raging hormones.  But, of course, when I read it, the listed author was not Li Yu but a pseudonym; besides, I wasn't reading the book to improve my mind... - A World History of Homosexuality (U3A course SBS19-2006): Comrades of  the Cut Sleeve Homosexuality in China. (PDF Download).

Male Brothel History: - Pederasty: Men's sexual interest in youths was also reflected in prostitution, with young male sex workers fetching higher prices than their female counterparts as recently as the beginning of the twentieth century. In Tianjin there were thirty five male brothels, housing 800 boys, and men from the area were assumed to be expert in anal relations. Though the superintendent of trade at Guangzhou issued an annual warning to the population against permitting westerners access to boy prostitutes ("do not indulge the Western barbarian with all our best favors"), Europeans were increasingly welcomed in the boy brothels.

Male Brothels - All of Us Count, Part 1 (PDF Download): Chi Heng also follows this principle in promoting peer education through its outreach work. Many of the part-time outreach workers hired to regularly distribute condoms and educational material in bars, discos, saunas and male brothels in Beijing and Shenzhen are tongzhi themselves, and were already regular patrons of these venues before working for Chi Heng.

Poetry of Wu Tsao. - China bans gay love story for theatres, OKs for DVD.  - RIK-Magazine: German gay mag introduces homo-erotic drawings by Chinese artist Muskboy. - China singer releases first lesbian song: China’s first out lesbian artist, who also operates Beijing's longest-running dyke bar, has released her first single “Ai bu fen” (爱不分) along with a music video depicting two women in love... - Wang Zheng knew he was different from the age of five but for long tried to suppress his natural inclinations. Even after openly coming out as gay, friends would advise him to get married as a "cover." The Canadian-Chinese, who is based in Beijing, is also known as Tavio. In conversation, the stylish designer speaks with a deep voice and looks much younger than his 47 years. While admitting that he sometimes carries himself more like a woman, at first glance Wang comes across like a handsome, fashionable young man... 

The Ultimate "Planet Out" Guide to Queer Movies (Country: China). - Man Man Woman Woman (Film): "a film like Man Man Woman Woman will emerge that forces us to reconsider what we think is possible under what we take to be the ever-watchful eye of the authorities in present-day China. - "East Palace, West Palace", by Zhang Yuan: "The film triggered the wrath of censorship in communist China, and copies are only circulating in the West because the negative was in France. Director Zhang Yuan had his passport seized. Why such wrath? Because the film broaches a homosexual relationship in the public lavatories of a gloomy park in Peking, and because it depicts the nervous confrontation of love and hate between a policeman and a gay.This is, in fact, the first gay film in Communist China, drawn from a theater play written by..." - Tracing Chinese Gay Cinema 1993-2002. 

Beijing Breakthrough: Hong Kong director Stanley Kwan’s Lan Yu is a superb love story, touching and true, visually mesmerizing, and directed and performed with soul-stirring sensitivity. The Strand release tells of the romance between shady Beijing businessman Handong (Hu Jun) and student-turned-prostitute, Lan Yu (Liu Ye), which survives jealousy, commitment-phobia on Handong’s part, financial disaster, even Tiannenman Square. Capturing China's gay heart: Hong Kong director Stanley Kwan talks about Lan Yu, his lyrical gay love story set and filmed in supposedly repressive China. - Lesbian Film Pushes Chinese Boundaries N/A: "Director Li Yu had tangled with mainland Chinese censors before in trying to get her independent documentary called "Sisters" before large audiences. With "Fish and Elephant," a tender and often humorous story about three lesbians, she wisely side-stepped the Chinese Film Bureau entirely. "Fish and Elephant" is the first internationally recognized film about lesbian sexuality to come out of Communist China, and though it has been shown at more than 70 film festivals worldwide, it has been shown in its country of origin only once." - Fish and Elephant (Jin Nian Xiatian).

No man's Lan: LAN YU - Starring Jun Hu, Ye Liu. Written by Jimmy Ngai based on the internet novel Bejing Story. Directed by Stanley Kwan. "Despite the full-frontal nudity and frank eroticism in the film's early scenes, the answer was no. Kwan connected not with the sex in the book but with the story of the nine-year relationship between the characters, which made him think of the 12-year relationship he had with his own boyfriend. "We went through every single detail the characters did," says Kwan..." - Beijing gay life brought to the screen. - Ten Most-Admired Chinese Lesbian-Gay Movies on DVD (English Subtitled).

Sexing the Cinematic Space: Films from Hong Kong, China and Taiwan (Sean Metzger, Duke University) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "My paper will interrogate Chen Kaige’s The Emperor and the Assassin and Zhang Yimou’s Hero in terms of historical epics that offer a gendered formation of Chinese nationalism. I want to suggest ways to queer these ostensibly conservative nationalist projections, particularly by arguing that the star discourse which, in part, propels such films to international acclaim works to forestall the assertion of a hegemonic masculine national project. By examining the possibilities of female space/subjectivity in each film as a counter to the male homosocial resolutions that each text, I believe, posits, I begin to sketch counternarratives that refuse national narratives of heteronormativity. My paper will draw on theoretical work by Eve Sedgwick, Shuqin Cui, Jenny Kwok Wah Lau and others."

Is there really a way out? The rigid fashioning of gay masculinities in Lanyu (Tommy Tse Ho Lun, University of Hong Kong) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "Stanley Kwan reproduced a ubiquitous tragic homosexual love online story (named Beijing story) onto the screen in 2001, Lanyu, in which he replaced and rearranged episodes from the original text to elaborate the personae more deeply, which eventually has been highly recognized in both cultural and cinematic fields; the film visualizes and constructs varied gay masculinities, destabilizing the cherished notions of dichotomous genders and normative heterosexuality in contemporary Chinese ideology. Yet if we specifically scrutinize those apparently subversive‚ fashioning of masculinities, we may discover that such a subversion is still well monitored by the heterosexual matrix; two male protagonists‚ gay gender performance is in some way rigid, fixed, destined, and directly borrows the binary and hierarchical gender positions from the heteronormative culture. Extremely speaking, it would make no difference if Kwan adopted a female to perform Lan Yü the film would simply become a heterosexual love story, not provocative at all. In the film why should Lan Yu often perform the presumed feminine roles (passive, obedient, doing housework) but Chan Hong Dong never does? Why is the purely‚ homosexual Lan more problematic than seemingly bisexual Chan so he needs to be cured by the psychiatrist? In what ways are the constructions of Chan’s and Lan’s masculinities different? Is the sub-division of gay masculinity only reconfirming the orthodoxical gender positions? What are the politics between two rigid gay genders, masculine masculinity and feminine masculinity, and their correlations to the heterosexual ideology? Lastly, is there really a way out?"  - China censors decree gay cowboy film too sensitive.

First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies (2005): Papers available for download. - The 2005 Conference Abstracts: Many of these possible papers were either not presented or not made avaible as full text papers (PDF Download) (Alternate Link). - Titles for abstracts of these paper: related to China:  - Transgender in the People’s Republic of China (James Caspian, University of Westminster).  - Catamite Coolies and Chinese Sodoms: British Investigations into Chinese Labourers‚ Sexuality in the 19th & 20th Centuries (Ross Forman, School of Oriental and African Studies). - The Rapid Development of the LGBT Communities in China (Yaqi Guo, Beijing Gender Health Education Institute). - The Emergence of Lala Community in Shanghai (Yip Lo Lucetta Kam, Chinese University HK).  - Not a Juicy Story: Identity Management of Chinese Male Sex Workers (Travis Shiu Ki Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University). - Heterotopias of Same-Sex Intimacies: Schoolgirls’ Tales and Practices of Transgressive Emotionality and Sexuality in Postsocialist China (Pik Ki Leung, University of Cambridge). - Is there really a way out? The rigid fashioning of gay masculinities in Lanyu (Tommy Tse Ho Lun, University of Hong Kong). - Sexing the Cinematic Space: Films from Hong Kong, China and Taiwan (Sean Metzger, Duke University). -  AIDS Prevention in a Different Way—Innovative Outreach Approach Towards MSM in China (Yi Mu Shen, Chi Heng Foundation). - Gender Studies and AIDS Education among Chinese Youths (Qi Si, Chi Heng Foundation).- Tough Road Ahead: Successes and Challenges of HIV Prevention for MSM in China (Chung To, Chi Heng Foundation). - Suppressed Voice or Silence by Choice?—Lesbians and the Emerging Lesbian Communities in Contemporary China (Bin Xu, Institute for Tongzhi Studies). - The Impact of the Internet on Sexual Health Education among MSM in China (Yang Yang, Chi Heng Foundation). - People Who Have Homosexual Behaviours in Contemporary China (Beichuan Zhang, Sex Health Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao Shandong, China).  - Queer Theory: Queering Chinese Laws? (Dan Zhou, Fudan University, Shanghai, China). 

Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China: Bibliography of Materials in Western Languages. - At the Intersection of the Global and the Local: Representations of Male Homosexuality in Fictions by Pai Hsien-yung, Li Ang, Chu Tien-wen, and Chi Ta-wei (PDF Download).

Books: - Different Rainbows: Same-Sex Sexualities and Popular Movements in the Third World - 2000 - edited by Peter Drucker (7 Sample Pages) (Table of Contents). Contains: "Individual strategies of tongzhi empowerment in China" (P. 137-156) "Chou Wah-shan deals with what he calls ‘individual strategies of tongzhi empowerment in China’. Tongzhi is the term many Chinese gay activists choose to call themselves; it has a dual meaning: it means ‘same love’, but it also means ‘comrade’." - Celluloid Comrades: Representations of Male Homosexuality in Contemporary Chinese Cinemas -2006 - by Song Hwee Lim (Intoduction). - Homoerotic Sensibilities in Late Imperial China - 2004 - by Wu Cuncun (Review). - Passions of the Cut Sleeve : The Male Homosexual Tradition in China - 1992 - by Bret Hinsch (Review).

Books: - Asian Homosexuality - 1992 - edited by Wayne R. Dynes and Stephen Donaldson (Table of Contents). Contains: "Male Homosexuality in Contemporary Mainland China," 175-88. -  The Emerging Lesbian: Female Same-Sex Desire in Modern China - (Amazon) 2003 - by Tze-Lan D. Sang (Review) (Review). Gay and Lesbian Asia: Culture, Identity, Community [Journal of Homosexuality, 40(3/4): PDF Download]: Title of Paper: Homosexuality and the cultural politics of tongzhi in Chinese societies (Full Text: Word Download) (Review). - Gay and Lesbian Asia: Culture, Identity, Community - 2001 - edited by Gerard Sullivan and Peter A. Jackson (Amazon.com Reference) (Review).

Resource Links: - The world largest international social organization for Gays of Asian Pacific Heritage. - Gay China Guide. - Grey Gay Guide - China. - China Gay & Lesbian Resources. - Susana Marques Transgender Directory for China. - China Rainbow Network: site by gay Chinese from the mainland for support and friendship. - China Rainbow Association. - China Gay and Lesbian Resources. - Queer Asian Pacific Publications and Newsletters. - China Gay & Lesbian Issues News.

Gay China (Global Gayz): - News/Reports 1998-07. - ILGA Report. - The Eastgarden.

Gayscape. - Pridelinks. - Utopia. - DragonCastle. - GayRice.

HONG KONG: - Gay life in Hong Kong: After a Hong Kong judge ruled in August 2005 that laws prohibiting gay sex by men under the age of 21 were discriminatory, Victor Chau, editor of a gay magazine, told the BBC News website about life as a gay man in Hong Kong.... - glbtq: Hong Kong. - Hong Kong Equalizes Age of Consent for Gays. - Judge rules Hong Kong gay sex laws unconstitutional. - I only wanted equality, says Leung. - Hong Kong leads the way. - Police disrupt gay fashion show in Hong Kong.  Human Rights Watchdog Condemns Hong Kong Over Gay Rights. - Hong Kong turns down gay marriage. - Hong Kong's top court rules that law against sodomy in public is discriminatory. - Hong Kong court finds public sodomy law discriminatory. - Hong Kong Sets Up Its First Social Services Centre For Homosexuals. - new gay social services centre opens in hong kong. - Gay film festival gets official backing in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong to Celebrate First Pride Day. - Hong Kong activists fight for gay rights. - Chinese gays hold historic Hong Kong meeting Many still not ready to come out to family. - Gay Chinese Students Protest Group's Exclusion N/A. - Hong Kong: An infant GLBT movement. - Gay Support Increases in Hong Kong. - Survey reveals strong anti-gay sentiment in Hong Kong.(Alternate Link) - Hong Kong: Lesbian & Gay Supporters Increasing. - City University of Hong Kong: Homosexuals - Either they will not speak up, or they dare not to N/A. - "To Love, Honor, and Dismay": Subverting the Feminine in Ang Lee's Trilogy of Resuscitated Patriarchs. - Hitwise Hong Kong Internet Report: Online Gay and Lesbian Industry. - HK to debate gay rights. - HK gay activists challenge unequal age of sexual consent law. - Strong China presence at HK’s Tongzhi conf. 

Equal Opportunities: Sexual Orientation. - Evaluation of the Hong Kong Government's Consultation Paper Equal Opportunities: A study on Discrimination on the Ground of Sexual Orientation. - Hong Kong Gay Youth N/A. (Archive Link) -  Prospectus on HORIZONS N/A: Hong Kong's Comprehensive Resource on Lesbian & Gay Counselling, since 1992. - Coming Out Experiences and Psychological Distress of Chinese Homosexual Men in Hong Kong. - Leslie Commits Suicide: Openly gay actor/singer plagued by depression over a soured 17-year relationship. - Two men and a gay wedding has Hong Kong in an uproar. - HK to debate gay rights. - Interview with Samshasha, Hong Kong's First Gay Rights Activist and Author.

1998 Chinese Tongzhi Conference", Hong Kong. -  1996 Chinese Tongzhi Conference: About 200 Chinese Tongzhi Gathered in Hong Kong: Tong-zhi Movement Should be Cultural Specific for Chinese Societies N/A. - Manifesto from the 1996 Conference. - "Chinese gays and lesbians from around the world met in San Francisco  June 26 - 28 [1998]." - Interview with Samshasha, Hong Kong's First Gay Rights Activist and Author. - Different Love Stories: Hong Kong films take gay life beyond camp. - Cut sleeve boys to premiere in asia at the bangkok international film festival.

Gay Station is the pioneering gay & lesbian net-radio newly found and based in Hong Kong. It now offers livestreaming webcast daily. - Queer Hong Kong After Chinese Takeover. - Hong Kong's Catholics condemn gay activists for disrupting Mass.

Research: - A Preliminary Investigation of HIV Vulnerability and Risk Behavior among Men who Have Sex with Men in Hong Kong. - Recommended Strategy for HIV Prevention in MSM in Hong Kong, PDF Download. - Study Results for 110 Gay/Bi Males: "Men who have sex with men in Hong Kong" (Ravi Lulla). - Hong Kong Community Planning Process on HIV/AIDS MSM Working Group, PDF Download. - AIDS Prevention among MSM in Hong Kong: Review of Research and Prevention Activities - Executive Summary. - AIDS Resources in Hong Kong. - A study of the STD/AIDS related attitudes and behaviors of men who have sex with men in Hong Kong. - A Study of the Sexual Behavior and Attitudes of the Men who use Hong Kong's Gay Saunas. (Full Report: PDF Download). - A Study of the STD/AIDS Related Attitudes and Behaviors of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hong Kong (PDF Download). Male homosexual identity in Hong Kong: a social construction.

Queer at Your Own Risk: Marginality, Community and Hong Kong Gay Male Bodies (Full Text: PDF Download). - Developing a Social Constructionist Therapy Approach for Gay Men and Their Families in Hong Kong. - Negotiating Anal Intercourse in Inter-racial Gay Relationships in Hong Kong (Word 97 Download: Published in: Sexualities, 3, 299–322, 2000) (Abstract). - Becoming an Inclusive Community: Challenges from Hong Kong’s Tongzhi Movement (PDF Download). - Gays 60 percent more prone to domestic abuse: survey. - Personality, Psychosocial Variables, and Life Satisfaction of Chinese Gay Men in Hong Kong. - A Survey of Attitudes Toward Homosexuality in Hong Kong Chinese Medical Students. 

Fearing for Minorities Living in Hong Kong: "During a visit to Hong Kong in 1989, 1 noticed that many gay men were behaving self-destructively, smoking, drinking, and failing to practice safe sex. I decided to document the emotional experience of gay men in Hong Kong for my doctoral dissertation, as an example of a minority group that is tolerated in Hong Kong but penalized in China. I began by comparing homosexual and heterosexual men. Both showed high levels of anxiety, with the symptoms--worry, paranoia, depression, and suicidal feelings--being much more acute among homosexuals. I have returned three times to Hong Kong since 1991 -- with my latest visit having been to witness the actual Chinese take-over at the beginning of July -- to talk with people from the original study as well as others in both formal interviews and informal conversations. And I continue to maintain the opinion that worry , sadness and fear are escalating because the political changeover is already having significant personal ramifications for people... While the American press continues to focus on Hong Kong as primarily "an economy," the voices of residents such as gays and other minorities continue to go unheard..."

Beyond Identity Politics: The Making of an Oral History of Hong Kong Women Who Have Same-sex Desires (Day Wong, National University of Singapore) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "Lesbians and gay men are often identified as a homogeneous group in struggles for equal rights. Some feminists question whether lesbians’ interests have been ignored, given that such rights movements are associated historically with demands, mainly by gay men, for decriminalization of male homosexual offences. In making no distinction between lesbians and gays, the concern is not simply that possible differences in the experience of social inclusion/exclusion are overlooked, but that lesbians are at risk of being subsumed under the category ‘gay’. Influenced by feminists’ gender differentiated approach, some scholars have begun to recover the histories of lesbians by collecting their life stories. In Hong Kong, there is a tendency that lesbians are made invisible in both the Tongzhi movement and the larger society. Some local female activists believe that lesbians do have a history and that history must be written. This paper discusses how they engage in the making of an oral history which enables voiceless women to speak for themselves. By naming the project as “An Oral History of Hong Kong Women who have Same-Sex Desires,” the organisers were sensitive to difference and included in the project women who have same sex desires/ relationships and yet refuse to identify themselves as lesbians. I argue that unlike oral histories which are oriented to cultivation of lesbian consciousness, this project has implications for developing a postmodern politics which emphasizes difference and fluidity of identities."

Reconsidering the Rice Queen (Dredge Byung’chu Kang, Emory University) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "In gay argot, the ‘rice queen’ is a gay man, typically white, who has an exclusive or strong sexual/affectional preference for Asian men. His counterpart, the ‘potato queen’, is an Asian man who desires white men. In Western nations, some gay Asian men have protested the putative objectification of Asian men in these interracial relationships. They claim that the pairing, often of a significantly older and less attractive white male with a younger and more attractive Asian male, is a form of psychosocial violence. This is made possible by the emasculinization of Asian men within a social context of structured power differentials where white masculinity is privileged. This formulation, however, does not allow for agency among potato queens, as agency is construed as being motivated by an internalized racism or individualistic social climbing. Moreover, the argument fails to consider homophobic constraints on the agency of rice queens. They, furthermore, are marginalized by other gay men who can not fathom their desires for the feminized Asian. Additionally, younger rice queens situate their identity in contradistinction with older rice queens, whom they portray as resembling sex tourists: old, fat, ugly and unable to attract sexual attention without their financial endowments. Thus, the putative perpetrators of psychosocial violence are themselves located within complex webs of power differentials based on race, sexuality, nationality, age, economics, and their failure to conform to gay cosmopolitan ideals of attractiveness. In this paper, I argue for a more nuanced view of the rice queen and sex tourist."  - "Potato Seeking Rice": Language, Culture and Identity in Gay Personal Ads in Hong Kong.

Magnus Hirschfeld Archive for Sexology: Index Page: Hong Kong: - Homoerotic, Homosexual, and Ambisexual Behaviors. - Gender Conflicted Persons. - HIV/AIDS. 

The Ultimate "Planet Out" Guide to Queer Movies (Country: Hong Kong). - HK Queer Film/Video Festival 98. - Hong Kong Gay and Lesbian Film/video Festival. - Who's the Woman, Who's the Man? He's a Woman, She's a Man: Hong Kong's gender-benders are the stuff of legend; director Patrick Chan adds two key works to the canon in these 1996 bookend satires of fame, pop music, and forbidden kisses. - Sexuality in Chinese Film series. - Floating City, Floating Selves: Let's Love Hong Kong (PDF Download): "As its English title suggests, Yau Ching?s Let?s Love Hong Kong entwines questions about sexuality and place. Its story concerns a group of young Hong Kong lesbians and their relationships with each other and the city they live in, but the film also raises broader issues about location and dislocation, homeliness and unhomeliness, and about the sexual subjectivities produced by a city culture marked by a volatile sense of inbetweenness and displacement..." - Wong Kar-wai Exclusive Interview. - Hong Kong director dissects gay breakup. - 2004 Pride International Film Festival - Night Corridor. - HK to host Asia's largest lesbian & gay film fest. - Hong Kong Lesbian and Gay Film Festival. - GLBTQ: Hong Kong Film. - Transgender Casting in the Hong Kong film world. - Director talks about gay culture in Hong Kong.

The Queer Cosmopolitics of Hong Kong Cinema (Helen Hok-Sze Leung, Simon Fraser University) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "This paper considers queer representations as a form of ‘cosmopolitics’, which Bruce Robbins elaborates as ‘a domain of contested politics’ in which cosmopolitanism is not opposed to, but negotiated within and beyond, the nation. In Hong Kong, homophobic resistance against the decriminalization of sodomy during the 1980s was expressed as anti-colonial patriotism. In response, activist Samshasha penned A History of Chinese Homosexuality, writing as ‘an angry Chinese’ tracing a queer past that has been eclipsed by colonial Christian values. Yet, in 1997 when Hong Kong was ‘returned’ to China, Samshasha refocuses his critique on the ‘implicit homophobia’ of Chinese culture while exploring queerness as a cosmopolitan ideal. When the configuration between nation, state, and power shifts, so does the dynamics of queer politics. The recent rise in independent filmmaking in Hong Kong has fueled a renewed interest in exploring queer themes in relation to issues of nation, identity and belonging. This paper explores the queer erotics of Island Tales (2000), Maps Of Sex And Love (2001) and Ho Yuk: Let’s Love Hong Kong (2003) as an intricate expression of love for Hong Kong. In the films, queer relationships are played out in the cosmopolitan experience of diaspora and incessant transnational movement, and in a postcolonial city’s struggle for autonomy that is at every turn challenged by a nationalist demand for its patriotism. The paper analyzes the films‚ cosmopolitics whereby queer sex, bodies, and relationships become emblematic of the trauma, contradictions, and possibilities of life in postcolonial Hong Kong."

"Marc Siegel in “The Intimate Spaces of Wong Kar-Wai” (Page 1 of Book Review) analyzes Hong Kong cinema’s politics of representation from a gendered context; his essay deals with the interconnections of global, gay/queer and sexualized identities in the context of the film Happy Together, which garnered Wong Kar-Wai the Cannes 1997 Best Director Award... At Full Speed is a provocative, stimulating volume. Positioned at the crossroads of an altered global terrain, this anthology analyzes the evolving issues of the social and cultural context of 90s Hong Kong cinema, reconsiders the concept of "local" identity in a new global framework, and examines the dynamics between the intercultural movement of images..." (Book Review: At Full Speed: Hong Kong Cinema in the Borderless World (2001).

First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies (2005): Papers available for download. - The 2005 Conference Abstracts: Many of these possible papers were either not presented or not made avaible as full text papers (PDF Download) (Alternate Link). - Titles for abstracts of these paper: related to Hong Kong: - Survey on Discrimination on the Grounds of Sexual Orientation for Women in Hong Kong (Connie Man Wai Chan, Women’s Coalition of HKSAR). - On the Edge of Culture: Sex and Sexualities in Taiwan and Hong Kong Science Fiction (Kit Sze Amy Chan, Hong Kong Shue Yan College). - Half Full or Half Empty? Legal Status and Activism of the Transgender Community in Hong Kong (Robyn Emerton, University of Hong Kong). - Theatrics of Cruising: Bath Houses and Movie Houses in Tsai Ming-liang’s Films (Guo-Juin Hong, Duke University). - Public Perceptions of Transgender in Hong Kong: Social, Psychological, and Emotional Sources of Biases (Mark King, University of Hong Kong). - Power and Subjectivity Beyond the Blurring of Boundaries: Experiences in Cyberspace and Daily Life of Lesbians in Hong Kong (Lap Man Law, Chinese University HK). - The Queer Cosmopolitics of Hong Kong Cinema (Helen Hok-Sze Leung, Simon Fraser University).  - Sexing the Cinematic Space: Films from Hong Kong, China and Taiwan (Sean Metzger, Duke University). - Beyond Identity Politics: The Making of an Oral History of Hong Kong Women Who Have Same-sex Desires (Day Wong, National University of Singapore).  

Asian Homosexuality - 1992 - edited by Wayne R. Dynes and Stephen Donaldson (Table of Contents). Contains: "Lesbianism in the Chinese of Hong Kong," 99-108. - Lesbian Identity Development, Parental Acceptance, and Self Esteem among Hong Kong Lesbians - 2002 - by Fiona Ho Man Lam, Catherine McBride-Chang: The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Word 97 Download N/A). - IGLHRC Book Hong Kong (PDF Download). - GLB Hong Kong -> Publications.

Resource Links: Gay Hong Kong. - Gay Hong Kong. - Utopia's Resources on China and Hong Kong. - GLB Hong Kong: Gay and Lesbian Organizations. - Gay Hong Kong Guide. - Gay Hong Kong. - Gay and Lesbian Hong Kong HKQueer News : Articles and Press Releases. - Grey Gay Guide - Hong Kong. - Selected News relating to HK Gays and Lesbians In Chinese). - Hong Kong Lesbian Resources Centre, Lesbian Forum. - Susana Marques Transgender Directory for Hong Kong. - GayRice. - Civil Rights for Sexual Diversities.

Gay Hong Kong (Global Gayz): - News/Reports 1997-07. - ILGA Report. - The Eastgarden.

Gayscape. - Pridelinks. - Google Directory. - Open Directory.

TAIWAN: GLBTQ: Taiwan. - Being Transgender in Taiwan. - Same-sex unions promoted. - Taiwan lesbian and gay groups protest lack of freedom of expression. - Taipei's yearly gay pride parade has share of closeted marchers. - Taipei mayor hosts opening of gay pride festival. - Gay Taiwanese sues parents, hospital over lockup. - Gay groups in Taiwan to set up "Rainbow Republic": Gay groups in Taiwan are so angry that the government is not protecting their rights, they plan to set up a country for gay men and lesbians called the Rainbow Republic, Deutsche Presse-Agentur reported Friday... - Taiwan chief cites "Brokeback" in speech: In a speech to U.S. business leaders: Taiwan President Chen Shui-bian cited the film "Brokeback Mountain" to illustrate the potential for U.S.-Taiwan relations.... - Chinese gay rights activists encouraged after Taiwan visit. - Sporting Gays and the Gay Movement: The Emergence of Gay and Lesbian Sports Groups in Taiwan (2003).

Demand Taiwan's Court to Open Up Its Doors in Gay Bookstore Obscenity Trial: Taiwan's only gay and lesbian bookstore has been unreasonably charged with obscenity and is currently under trial behind closed doors... - Chen eyes abolishing death penalty, legalising gay marriage: Taiwan President Chen Shui-bian said on Sunday he is considering abolishing the death penalty and legalizing marriage between homosexuals...  - Taiwan Gays March For Civil Rights: Thousands of gays, lesbians and transsexuals marched through the streets of Taipei on the weekend, showing their pride and calling for marriage and civil rights protections. The parade marked the climax of two weeks of pride celebrations in the capital that featured human rights forums and cultural events...

In Taiwan, Gay Life Has Zest. - Taipei holds its first gay pride parade. - Taiwan holds its first gay parade. - Straight-talking at Pride Parade: The second Taiwan Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Parade put a spotlight on homosexual issues. - Lesbian and Gay Taiwan: A Yardstick of Democracy: An overview of lesbian and gay Taiwan including the half century of martial law when any gender irregularity could mean prison or worse, and the first years of democracy. - Taiwan Girls School Grapples with Lesbian Book N/A.: (Related Information) (See:  Book reveals high school lesbian lives) "The reputation of the top high school for girls in Taiwan has been shaken by the publication of a book chronicling the sex lives of lesbian students at the school, the Taipei Times reports. Entitled "The Taming and the Resistance," the book is a collection of interviews with 10 lesbian women who graduated from the Taipei First Girls' Senior High School, all of whom later went on to study at Taiwan's top university - National Taiwan University (NTU)..." - Taiwan Radio Station Fined For Lesbian Sex Sounds.- Taiwanese gays protest. - Taiwan moves to abolish death penalty, legalise gay marriages. 

Taiwan lesbian and gay groups protest lack of freedom of expression (Must Scroll) (Related Information). - What Happened Next? -Updates on the TJ Retrospective: Ten years ago this month, the Free China Journal--the forerunner of this paper--ran a short article under the headline, "First church for homosexuals gives members peace of mind." It covered the founding, by "three pastors sympathetic to the gay rights movement," of Taiwan's first church specifically geared toward meeting the needs of the country's homosexual community...

Gay Orgy Raid Raises Privacy Questions in Taiwan. (Alternate Link) - Policeman Raid Gay Gymnasium in Taipei. - The Apartheid of Homosexuality. - Archbishop Tutu, the apartheid of homosexuality, and being human. - Tongzhi, Queers, Gays and Lesbians in Taiwan N/A. (Archive Link) - History after 1986. - Both Sides of the Mirror - the Public Discourse on (Homo-)sexuality and Gender in Taiwan. - From Citizenship to Queer Counterpublic: Reading Taipei's New Park. - Taiwan: Masculinity, Sexuality.

Taiwan's gay activists outraged by attitudes towards HIV. - AIDS is god's wrath against gays: Taiwan vice president. - Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections and risky sexual behaviors among men visiting gay bathhouses in Taiwan. - AIDS in Asia: The Continent's Growing Crisis. Prosperous Taiwan fights HIV with education. Free condoms in gay gathering places to keep infection rate low... At the end of 2002, gay and bisexual men made up 49 percent of Taiwan's 4, 666 HIV/AIDS cases, followed by heterosexuals with 42 percent and intravenous drug users with just 1.7 percent. In all, only a minuscule .03 percent of the island's 17.6 million adult residents are infected, according to Taiwan's Center for Disease Control (CDC)...

Abstracts: - The stress and coping stretegies of Taiwan's gay men when they encounter AIDS and AIDS stigma. - Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections and risky sexual behaviors among men visiting gay bathhouses in taiwan. - Comparison of sexual behaviors between male homosexuals and male heterosexuals in Taiwan. - Estimating the Number of HIV-Infected Gay Sauna Patrons in Taipei Area (Full Text: PDF Download).

Taiwan "Exodus Center" Holds Seminar on Homosexuality. - A Lighthouse in the Dark Taiwan Church. - First gay Christian minister ordained: "A Presbyterian priest became Taiwan's first openly gay Christian minister at a ceremony here yesterday, news reports said." - Taiwan's gay campaigners. - Homosexuality Far from Accepted. - First ever Taipei Gay and Lesbian Forum slated. - Taiwan: Gays Fight for Equality through Parliamentary Elections N/A. - Rainbow Flags in Taiwan. - Boisterous Taiwan. - At the Intersection of the Global and the Local: Representations of Male Homosexuality in Fictions by Pai Hsien-yung, Li Ang, Chu Tien-wen, and Chi Ta-wei (PDF Download).

Same Sex Desire and Society in Taiwan, 1970–1987. - Sex, gender, sexuality & socialism. - Queer Theory and Politics in Taiwan: The Cultural Translation and (Re)Production of Queerness in and beyond Taiwan Lesbian/Gay/Queer Activism (PDF Download). - A transgender warrior spreads the word to Taiwan. - Mental Health and Sexual Orientation of Female in Taiwan: Using Internet as the research tool (PDF Download).

Never Say I Love You - The Gay Western Man in Taiwan Who Dates Taiwanese Guys - The Gay Taiwanese Man in Taiwan Who Dates Western Guys - Us and Them.(Alternate Link): "One of the most important lessons I've learned is that the more a GWM comes to understand Taiwanese culture and the Chinese language, the more the differences between GWM and GAM in Taiwan become apparent. My experiences have taught me that we are not at all unified by our common gay experience, rather we are philosophically very, very different... The tragic irony is that most of the cultural things that attract GAM to GWM end up causing the most distress. While initially attracted to all of these differences, most gay Taiwanese men ultimately find them intolerable in the long term. Open communication is great when it's the GWM expressing himself, but when it comes time for the GAM to open up to his inner-most feelings and take a Western-style 'good, hard look' at his own behavior, he crumbles. It's virtually impossible to have a constructive argument (or even a 'heated discussion'), because Taiwanese people loathe confrontation between lovers. Any expression of dissatisfaction is perceived as a direct criticism of character. They are offended when their behavior is questioned in any way. The fact that discord even exists in a relationship is an indictment of the relationship as a whole... "

Gender Embodiment: Transgender Body/Subject Formations in Taiwan (Josephine Ho, National Central University Taiwan) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "‘A soul trapped in the wrong body’ is a common description employed by trans subjects to explain their unusual condition. This self-characterization includes two important premises: that the body and the soul (or identity, self-image, etc.) are two separate and independent entities whose correct alignment makes up the effect of gender; and that the soul occupies a higher position than the body, to the extent that any mismatch between the two is to be resolved by modifying the body (through cross-dressing, hormonal therapy, SRS, or other procedures) to match the soul. The body-soul imagery may help illuminate the awkward situation of trans subjects by graphically presenting the often contradictory feelings and images that trans subjects have to negotiate as they move through social space. Yet the simple graphic of the body-soul imagery also tends to obscure the manifold differences among trans subjects, differences that may very well affect the credibility of their claim to ‘a soul trapped in the wrong body.’ More importantly, the imagery further conceals ‘the daily effort of doing gender in everyday interactions that all of us engage in.’ The present paper presents the various ways in which Taiwanese transgender subjects have forged out of limited social means and support their own constructions of gender and identity. As the contradictory and disharmonious body/identity of the transgender subjects struggles to assert itself despite existing gender stereotypes and prejudices, their self-reflexive project of doing gender are also constantly ‘trans’-gressing/’trans’-forming existing gender/sexuality categories."

The Regime of Compulsory Gay Masculinity in Taiwan (Dennis Chwen-der Lin, University of Warwick) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "Since the 1990s, Taiwan has seen dynamic progress in lesbian and gay activism. Nonetheless, as local gay men become anxious to achieve equal rights, a hegemonic discourse emerges as an ideological regime exerting considerable influence upon their thinking about the femininity in gay men and male-to-female transgenderism. According to the very discourse, if a gay man aims to gain acceptance from the mainstream society, he must demonstrate masculinity and then develop sexual/romantic relationships with other masculine gay men. Thus all the effeminate dispositions need to be devalued, suppressed, and ultimately eradicated. However, the ideological regime has found itself haunted by the subversive challenges from the sissies such as Top Gay Aunties‚ King Kong Barbies‚ Mirror-Rubbing Gay Sisters‚ and so forth. Confronting those challenges, the framework upon which the regime bases itself turns out problematic and tenuous. In this paper, I shall examine the contexts within which the regime of compulsory gay masculinity arises, and the ways through which it functions to discipline local gay men. Furthermore, I am to look into how those sissy queers are galvanised to “fuck” the masculinised gay agenda. My paper employs a queer methodological approach, using different methods in order to collect and produce information on the marginalised subjects. Practically speaking, there are three modes of research methods adopted in my paper: in-depth interview, documentary analysis and participation and observation. All the methods bring into relief the locality and contextuality of contemporary Taiwanese society, in which my paper situates itself."

Taiwanese aboriginal gay male subjectivity: The life stories of a Paiwanese gay man named Dakanow (Danubak Matalaq, HLTC, Taiwan) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "My study aims at looking into the process of the construction of Taiwanese aboriginal gay male subjectivity, by focusing on the life stories of a Paiwanese gay man named Dakanow. Also, it intends to initiate a discursive dialogue between the two academic fields of aboriginal studies and LGBT studies in the contemporary Taiwanese context. There are three conclusions arising from my research on the life stories of Dakanow. First, it is contemporary Paiwanese social structure that exerts considerable influence on the formation of Dakanow's sexual identity. So to speak, the social hierarchal system and its derivates such as power relationships and patriarchal authorities all function to shape the sexualities of Paiwanese people. In addition, the fact that both the media coverage and the Christian disciplines play the key in stigmatizing sodomy contributes to the aboriginal people‚s hostility toward homosexuality. Second, for Dakanow, the de-stigmatized ethnic term of “Yuan-Chu-Ming” at large level represents a significant symbol in order to resist the racist ideology spreading through the mainstream society dominated by the Han people. More importantly, it enables Dakanow to construct a strong sense of aboriginal community, and therefore inform his ethnic hybridity. Third, Dakanow's positive identity as a gay man involves multiple socio-cultural factors such as developing intimacy, romance and friendship with his LGBT peers, receiving supportive information from the LGBT communities, entering college, and participating in the LGBT activisms. Key words: Paiwan tribe, aboriginal, gay, gay identity, ethnic identity, aboriginal LGBT activism."

Center For the Study of Sexualities (National Central University, Links given to related publication information written in Chinese): Bulletin of Sexuality Education, published three times a year for elementary and middle school teachers--temporarily suspended due to workload difficulties. A book length journal, Working Papers In Gender/Sexuality Studies, published three times a year for scholars and students in this area (nos. 1 & 2 joint issue on "Sex Work--Prostitute Rights" (1998.1); nos. 3 & 4 joint issue on "Queer: Theory and Politics" (1998.9); nos. 5 & 6 joint issue on "Sexual Harassment and Sexual Violence" (1999.6). To enhance circulation and access by the general public, the journal is now transformed and continued by the following book series. A book series on Sexuality and our conference proceedings.  Titles include: Stories of 12 Working Girls (1997); Visionary Essays in Gender-Sexuality Studies (1998); From Queer Space to Education Space (2000).  Gender/Sexuality Politics and Subject Formation (2000); Tongzhi (Queer) Studies (2001); Sex Work Studies (2003); Transgender ?2003). A 280-page basic reading material, The Gender/Sexuality Campus: Radical Education for the New Generation (1998), written especially for middle school teachers who are keen on promoting radical gender/sexuality education. 

The Ultimate "Planet Out" Guide to Queer Movies (Country: Taiwan). - Taipei to hold its first gay, lesbian film festival. - An alternative film festival N/A: "The festival, which is actually the second following a small-scale festival last year held in a handful of gay bars, will feature 11 movies, eight of which were made by local filmmakers with the remaining three coming from the US... As another way to attract a crowd, the festival has placed its focus on the recent works of Taiwanese filmmakers, who are quickly adding to a small, yet significant stock of locally made gay films." - "Flee" circus: The gay-themed Chinese-Taiwanese film "Fleeing By Night" has some touching moments but is too close to "Farewell My Concubine" for comfort. - A Week in Gay Taipei: "Films about gay life, including The Wedding Banquet, Wong Kaiwai's Happy Together, and Lin Cheng-sheng's Murmur of Youth, are relatively easy channels through which to get some information about homosexuality..." - A collection of works by gay Asian filmmakers. - Happy alone? Sad young men in East Asian gay cinema.

Cinema: Gay Teens In Taiwan -  A rosy hued documentary gets a mixed reception in the Lion City. - I Am by Nature a Boy: Portrayals of Gays in Recent Chinese Film and Literature. - Hard Times Ahead for Taiwan Gays, Predicts Film Director. - Taiwan-made film enjoys awards feast in Berlin: The Taiwan-made film "The Wedding Banquet," directed by Ang Lee and produced by the Central Motion Picture Corp., won a Golden Bear award for Best Picture Feb. 22 at the 43rd annual Berlin International Film Festival. - The Current State of Queer Cinema: Taiwanese Tomboys to Singing Campers.

Formula 17: Testing a Formula for Mainstream Cinema in Taiwan... However, a flicker of hope: every few posts, one encounters the names of a few titles of local films that “aren't too bad”, as one poster puts it. Double Vision (Chen Kuo-fu, 2002) and Blue Gate Crossing (Yee Chin-yen, 2002) come up regularly, as does Formula 17 (Chen Yin-jung, 2004), which was a surprise hit among teenage and college-aged audiences, grossing NT$6 million, making it Taiwan's highest grossing fiction film in 2004. Like Blue Gate Crossing, Formula 17 is a romantic comedy with homosexual themes made by young filmmakers who have no expectations when it comes to attracting audiences, yet somehow their breed of quirky, charming comedy appeals to its target demographic...

In Taiwan, 'Spider Lilies' fuels a small gay renaissance: Homosexuality is nothing new in Taiwanese cinema. Ever since 1986, when Yu Kan Ping's "Outcasts" became the first local gay film to receive approval from the government, there has been a regular trickle of gay films from Ang Lee's iconic "The Wedding Banquet" in 1993 to Yee Chin-yen's "Blue Gate Crossing" (2002) and Chen Yin-jung's romantic comedy "Formula 17," the highest grossing fiction film in Taiwan in 2004. Last year "Reflections," directed by Yao Hung-i, told the story of a lesbian relationship broken apart by the appearance of a man in the women's lives, while a coming-of-age melodrama, "Eternal Summer," by a young director, Leste Chen, involving a love triangle between two men and a woman, proved a massive hit at the Taiwanese box office. Both films won best acting nods at the Golden Horse Award 2006...

Progression or Regression?: The ‘Gay Teen Summer Romance’ as Popular Phenomenon in Taiwanese Cinema (K.K. Seet, National University of Singapore) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "Despite increasing media reports of Taiwanese authorities busting private gay parties on the pretext of narcotic raids, a curious phenomenon has transpired in contemporary Taiwanese cinema, what I shall label ‘the gay teen summer romance.’ Featuring gay protagonists still in school or barely out of school, the genre is shrouded in the golden haze of youth and conveyed in a pastel palette, where treatment of issues are as sugar-coated and downy-edged as the summer days are long. Two examples, both of which garnered considerable critical as well as commercial success, are Blue Gate Crossing and Formula 17. While ostensibly encoded in the template of the bildungsroman, they avoid its necessary rites of passage by the deliberate postponement (in the case of Blue Gate Crossing) or evasion (in the case of Formula 17) in their confrontations with heteronormativity. This paper studies the strategies of erasure involved in the creation of a faux utopia that results in a kind of infantilism instead of affirming an alternative queer reality. In particular, Formula 17 can be read as both an exercise in commodification and an extended trope of political self-delusion or national myopia when juxtaposed with another teen (albeit heterosexual) romance of mainstream appeal that opened in the same period but failed miserably in the box office: Love of May, which dissects the poignant encounter between a Taiwanese boy and a PRC girl against a larger canvas of the cross-straits relationship between the two Chinas." 

First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies (2005): Papers available for download. - The 2005 Conference Abstracts: Many of these possible papers were either not presented or not made avaible as full text papers (PDF Download) (Alternate Link). - Titles for abstracts of these paper: related to Taiwan: - Made in Taiwan: Gay Rights of the Western Body with Oriental Soul (Hong-cheng Maurice Chang, University of Milan). - ‘Queer’ that Matters -What is Queer Culture in Taiwan? (Pei-Jean Chen, National Chiao-Tung University). - Queer(ing) Taiwan and Its Future: From an Agenda of Mainstream Self-Enlightenment to One of Sexual Citizenship? (Wei-cheng Chu, National Taiwan University). - Gender Embodiment: Transgender Body/Subject Formations in Taiwan (Josephine Ho, National Central University Taiwan). - The Regime of Compulsory Gay Masculinity in Taiwan (Dennis Chwen-der Lin, University of Warwick). - Guess Who I Am? A perspective on the Gay Male Gaze and Drag Queen in Taiwan Gay Culture in 1990s (Eric Ching-Yao Luo, National Chiao-tung University). - Taiwanese aboriginal gay male subjectivity: The life stories of a Paiwanese gay man named Dakanow (Danubak Matalaq, HLTC, Taiwan). - Sexing the Cinematic Space: Films from Hong Kong, China and Taiwan (Sean Metzger, Duke University). - Progression or Regression?: The ‘Gay Teen Summer Romance’ as Popular Phenomenon in Taiwanese Cinema (K.K. Seet, National University of Singapore). - A Copy or Mimicry? The Differences of Landscapes in the Gay Pride Parade in Taiwan (Wen-yu Wu, University of Sheffield).  

New Park: Gay Literature in Taiwan: PDF Download. - The Legacy of the Crocodile: Critical Debates over Taiwanese Lesbian Fiction: PDF Download. - Gay Taiwan comedy banned in Singapore. -  Angelwings: Contemporary Queer Fiction from Taiwan. - Taiwan's literature of transgressive sexuality (PDF Download).

Hans Tao-Ming Huang: Articulating Niezi: Sex, Gender, National Culture and the Politics of Male Homosexuality in Contemporary Taiwan. - From Glass Clique to Tongzhi Nation: Identity Formation and Politics of Sexual Shame - a Rearticulation of Crystal Boys. - nterpellating the Male Homosexual: Epithets and the Cultural Signification of Male Homosexuality in Contemporary Taiwan, 1970-1990...

Abstracts: - Fighting for a mission impossible: A study on media relations strategies of gay and lesbian movement in Taiwan. - Global metaphors and local strategies in the construction of Taiwan's lesbian identities. - Drink, Stories, Penis, and Breasts: Lesbian Tomboys in Taiwan from the 1960s to the 1990s. - The Influence of Gay Sex Websites on the Sexual Identity Development of Gay College Students in Taiwan: A Qualitative Study. - Father-son attachment and sexual partner orientation in Taiwan: n particular, paternal overprotection played the most important role in the developmental process of male homosexuals. - Attitudes toward gay men and lesbians and related factors among nurses in Southern Taiwan. - Emerging homosexual conduct during hospitalization among chronic schizophrenia patients. - Embodying gender: transgender body/subject formations in Taiwan.

Books: - Situating Sexualities: Queer Representation in Taiwanese Fiction, Film and Public Culture - 2003 - by Fran Martin. Martin, F. (trans.) Angelwings: Contemporary Queer Fiction From Taiwan. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.(Review). - Surface Tensions: Reading Productions of Tongzhi in Contemporary Taiwan (PDF Download). - Angelwings: Contemporary Queer Fiction from Taiwan -2003 - by Fran Martin.

Resource Links: - Utopia's Resources on Taipei. - Resources from gaychina.com. - GayRice. - Gender & Sexuality Rights in Taiwan. 

Gay Taiwan 1, 2 (Global Gayz): - News/Reports 2000-07. - ILGA Report.

Pridelinks. - Gayscape. - QRD.

MACAU - ILGA Report N/A. - The Eastgarden. - Is there a gay bar in Macau China?
 

TIBET: - Gay in Lhasa: (Alternate Link) Fridae’s Beijing correspondent Dinah Gardner travels to Lhasa, Tibet and speaks to young gay and lesbian Tibetans about their lives in the city's small yet flourishing queer scene.... It’s hard to find, but the city does have a gay bar. Yeshe, a 20-something gay Tibetan who is working as a bar manager for a tourist restaurant in Lhasa, says Lanse Tian Kong (Blue Sky) is quite hidden, but “there are so many gay boys who go there, especially on Friday’s and Saturday’s. It’s packed.” To protect it, its location won’t be given here...According to a local lesbian, there are no dyke bars, and girls will rarely go to Blue Sky bar. “We meet each other through friends, or normal bars, or through the Internet,” says 30-year-old Lhundrop... “Some people – the younger generation accept homosexuality, but most Tibetans cannot accept it,” says Lhundrop. “I have never told my parents. They are really traditional. They don’t have any experience of this, but I think if I told them they wouldn’t reject me.” Whereas many closeted Chinese lesbians and gays are pressured by their families to get married, Lhundrop says her parents have given up pushing her...

Forbidden fruit in the forbidden land. (Alternate Link) (Alternate Link) (Part 2) - On Homosexuality and Sex in General. - "Update: The Dalai Lama and Sexual Minorities: A Personal View". - Gay Buddhists Meet With Dalai Lama - Leader may re-examine doctrine on sex. - Men, Homosexuality, and the Gods An Exploration into the Religious Significance of Male Homosexuality in World Perspective (PDF Download)

The Struggle for Modern Tibet: The Autobiography of Tashi Tsering - 1997 - by William Siebenschuh, Tashi Tsering, Melvyn C. Goldstein, Tashi Tsering: "As a 13-year-old member of the Dalai Lama's personal dance troupe, he was frequently whipped or beaten by teachers for minor infractions. A heterosexual, he escaped by becoming a drombo, or homosexual passive partner and sex-toy, for a well-connected monk.

Completely out of the Closet, An Interview: “We are not special” says Tenzin Jigdel (name changed), a Tibetan Gay who finds no reasons to hide his identity from anyone...  am not sure if I can speak about Tibetan community as a whole. I have lived only among Tibetan exiles in India which is much smaller than the community in Tibet. Yes it does remain a taboo but among those who are more educated and those who’ve seen the world, does understand the real issue...

Global Gayz: Gay Tibet (Lhasa). - Gay Tibet. - Gay Tibet: Old Site. - Queer Tibet. 
 

MONGOLIA: - Gays organize in Mongolia.(Alternate Link) - Gay hotline opens in Mongolia. - Gay Mongolia N/A.(Archive Link)  - Mongolain Gay Planet. - Gay Mongolia Online. - Queer Mongolia. - Mongolian Boys. - American based Mongolian Gay Blog. - The best little drag show in Outer Mongolia (Alternate Link). .

Queer Mongolains: Is Isolation Their Destiny? (PDF Download).

Gay Mongolia (Global Gayz): - News/Reports 2000-04. - ILGA Report. - The Eastgarden. - QRD. - Utopia Resources 
 

SOUTH KOREA: - Gay life in Korea. - LGBT rights in South Korea. - The Lesbian Rights Movement and Feminism in South Korea. - Gay movie's success echoes in Seoul's closet. = South Korea rests Oscar hope on gay-themed film. - Road Movie and The King and The Clown. - Korea Moves To Ease Gay Military Restrictions. - Korea Gay Military/KATUSA Group in Seoul: I created this group to provide a forum for guys in the military out here in korea to have a safe and convenient way to meet others in the same situation. - Gay Marriage in Korea? - Lesbian pies in Korea.

Seoul Declaration (2006: PDF Download): "... In every region of the world, lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people face systematic and persistent violations of fundamental human rights. Though widely documented by UN Special Procedures and other UN mechanisms, these rights violations are all too often met with silence by our governments and the international community as a whole. We celebrate recent advancements in Asia in this regard, and welcome the leadership shown by South Korea in the promotion and protection of human rights, especially on the basis of sexual orientation. We encourage other Asian governments to follow this leadership, particularly within United Nations human rights mechanisms. We also acknowledge advancements in other regions, such as Latin America, where religious fundamentalisms can create a difficult climate for advancing human rights for all persons..."

Gay and Lesbian Life in Korea.  - Korean Queer Culture Festival. - Korea Queer Cultural Festival Web Site. - Homosexuality in the Korean Historical Record  - First Korean queer magazine, "Buddy": March, 1998. - The 1st Seoul Queer Film and Video Festival, scheduled from September 19 -25 (1997), was shut down by the Korean Government the day before it was to begin (Alternate Link) (Related Information). - Korean Government Cancels Queer Film Festival. - My Queer Korea: Identity, Space, and the 1998 Seoul Queer Film & Video Festival.- Queer Film Festival: Emerging from the Shadows. - Gay Koreans Confronting Fear & Isolation N/A. - Rice Queens and Potato Queens and a 'Totally Gay' Life. - Queer - but not at all strange. - Korea: The Time Has Come to Talk. 

The Gay Situation in Korea (1999). - Korean Actor loses jobs after coming out. - Gay Korean acor is de-blacklisted. - Comeback for gay TV star. - South Korea: Gay confession ignites debate- Openly gay celebrity triggers debate on morality in deeply religious society. - The Fight for Openness and Acceptance. -  South Korea eases restrictions on homosexuality (Alternate Link). - Korean homosexuals struggle with barriers. - The first open wedding of a gay couple in Korea was held yesterday in Seoul. - South Korean court nixes gay marriage.

Court Makes It Official - He's Now a Woman: Request by transexual Ha Ri Su, familiar to Korean drama fans, to change gender is finally granted. - Manufactured Transgender Pop Group 'Lady' Set to Debut. - Lady: Korea's hot transgender music group. - Transgender pop group Lady set to take Korea by storm. - Asia falls for a girl band of former boys. - S. Korea's top transgender beauty ties knot. - Transgender news from Korea. 

The South Korean government said Feb. 4 it will remove homosexuality from its list of unacceptable sexual acts that harm teenagers. - Life and Death in Queer Korea: Intro: Appetite for Conformity: Isolated South Korea fears and rejects difference. - Life and Death in Queer Korea: Part 1: A Queer Exorcism:How religion and violence shadow lgbt Koreans. - Life and Death in Queer Korea: Part 2: Homo Koreanus Under the official microscope. - Life and Death in Queer Korea Part 3: Civil Rights and Wrongs Taking on Korean law, imagination, and Internet. - Life and Death in Queer Korea: Part 3: Civil Rights and Wrongs: Taking on Korean law, imagination, and Internet.- Life and Death in Queer Korea: Part 4: Gender Traitors Gay men lower than second-class citizens: women.

Chingusai, NY. - Invisibly Gay in Kwangju. - Viewing the Invisible Minority: The State of LGBT Persons In Korea. - IGLHRC: Censorship of Gay and Lesbian Internet Sites Takes Effect N/A. - Korean Gay Activists Challenge Web Site Ban.- On-Again and Off-Again: Korean On/Off-line LGBTQ/Iban Community Blocked. - Group Announces `Turning Point' in Gay, Lesbian Rights N/A. - Gay Korea: A Paradigm is Shifting. - South Korea Loosens Its Collar: Social Norms Change as Liberal Ideas Are Embraced. - Gay festival enters fourth year with panache (Alternate Link). - Korea queer culture festival, June 19-30, 2004.

Viewing the invisible minority: (Alternate Link) "Despite - or perhaps due to - this, Harisu has become an idol in a nation renowned for its conservative outlook on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, two-spirited and queer (LGBTTQ) persons. LGBTTQ Koreans often refer to themselves as iban, a slang word derived from the Chinese character for "different people." Human rights activists claim that the Korean public generally regards homosexuality as a mental disorder, with gays and lesbians seen as oversexed perverts and a source of AIDS... Bigotry against LGBTTQ persons in this manner has been the norm in Korea for decades. By contrast, overt physical violence against queer people is rare, merely because of the iban community's lack of visibility. Due to the fact that same-sex contact is considered natural and acceptable in Korean society — that is, women frequently walk hand-in-hand and men with their arms across each other's shoulders — it is more difficult to "spot the homosexual" in a crowd. Still, Lim also points out that the difficulty of identifying homosexuals based on their outward appearance often contributes to their marginalization...  Despite the rise of iban voices over the past decade, the recent formation of laws that openly deny the rights of homosexuals implies that the future is still grim for the LGBTTQ community."

Research on Queer Girls’ Identity Formation in South Korea (Ji Eun Lee, Yonsei University) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "In South Korea, the number of youth identifying themselves as queer has been growing since 2000. Among them, some girls are distinguished by their characteristic styles and others call them fanfic iban. This combination of ‘fanfic(fan fiction mostly dealing with homosexual relationships among boy band members)’ and ‘iban (self-identifying word in Korean queer community)’ is a negative notion within lesbian youth community implying fanfic iban people’s superficiality. People say they are girls just affected by male stars and ridiculous fanfic, pretending to be lesbian without serious affliction and just following fashion. However, the emergence of fanfic iban‚ is a very interesting and important cultural phenomenon. It has three aspects; (1) Style: Their style is expression of their desire for performing, playing with gender and making community, and it has become a struggling point for the fanfic iban since mass media and homophobic people stigmatize the style. (2) Internet space: They can meet each other, get information, and form community via the internet, and they can extend the limits of their imagination. (3) Fandom culture: Fanfic and other plays in fandom community provide resources for their style and self-identifying (as lesbian) process unintentionally. In this paper, interrelation among these three aspects in their identity formation will be analyzed. They cannot be explained in old framework, they have to be analyzed in contemporary Korean context, especially with fandom and internet culture. In this paper, the subversive aspect of their queerness will be examined in concrete context."

The Hanyang Journal: One Step Out,  Let's Enjoy Ourselves! "The sexual minorities of society have endured suppression from the majorities because their love and sexual identity are different from the normal. Rainbow 2001-Queer Cultural Festival was established to provide a free space for the minorities to put on a play, dance, and for the enjoyment of their culture. Rainbow 2001 is a festival which will remove the twisted prejudice and redundant interference between the majorities and the minorities." - Mujigae 2002 - Korean Queer Festival. - Korean Queer Studies Forum: A Call to Convene: "Queer life in South Korea is at a crossroads.  2003 has seen both the suicide of a 19-year-old gay man named Yun Hy?-s?, who chose to die rather than submit to the oppressive norms imposed on him by Korean society, and a parade of jubilant queer men, women, and their friends, who marched together from the symbolically significant Pagoda Park down Chongno..." - Showing Gay Pride, With Limits. - queer films in Korea.. - Film Fest Spotlights Sexual Minorities.

No More Déjà Vu: Western Nostalgia Meets Eastern Queerness (Huso Yi, Korean Sexual-Minority Culture & Rights Center) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "Understanding local queerness requires the careful examination of specific domains that are not yet theorized and/or recognized as constraints on idiosyncratic heteronormativity in global context. In the current queer movements of Korea, one of the most salient discussions is the US dominant essentialist view of minority based on sexual orientation, which is strategically used as a tactic of identity politics. Despite such representation of minority in human rights interest in Korea, less visibility of self-identified lesbians or gay men in public and over-emphasized political environments that stimulate coalition for social justice and change rather than individuality made different pathways of queer culture and community from those of the West (US). In the meantime, a nostalgic queer discourse of “back to the 70s” of mobilizing collective movements against compulsory heterosexism has been emerging in the US as well as some other Western countries as reaction to self-limiting (some say, self-defeating) identity politics. It is criticized that “self-regulated normalized gay” that was produced by neo-liberalism may end up with mere achievement of imaginary equality. At the crossing line of the minoritizing and universalizing of queer subjectivity between Korea and the West, I’d like to construct an argument and discuss a new possibility of “West Meets East” in queer politics as to how Korean queers achieve sexual citizenship by not assimilating heteronormative norms and values but liberating their own quotidian sexual subjectivities and reforming institutions to further recognition of sexual diversity and inequality. "

Imag(in)ing Homos: Representing and Imagining Homosexuality in Korean Popular Cinema (Jin-hyung Park, Koran Sexual-Minority Culture & Rights Center) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "Homosexuality is not unfamiliar any more and it seems to be less inhibited in current Korean society. However, representation of homosexuality is often told that it is yet rare and less visual in Korean popular culture, especially in cine/televisual culture. This situation often leads us to talk about the difficulties of reading homosexuality in Korean popular culture. These difficulties were sometimes described as being based on cultural/literary/queer comparative studies in terms of cultural visibility of homosexuality in Korea, or in search of ‘essence’ of queer representation. However, questions from the approaches mentioned above can’t explain complexity of experiences/imagination of homosexuality in current Korean culture, whose central issues are now competition of various social forces. Given this, I would like to explore representation of homosexuality in Korean popular cinema and television as a place or ‘scape’ of negotiation, especially by re-reading of Korean popular ‘masculine’ genres like ‘army movies’ and ‘same-sex high school movies’ like Joint Security Area, Spirit of Jeet Keun Do, etc. Based on the Korean Peninsula’s division, and the cold-war ideology and military dictatorship in 70s and 80s Korea, these films are obviously connected with male homosocial desire, conspiring with Korean masculine nationalism. However, there are some moments of exhibitions of male sexuality, eroticism and body that cannot be fully articulated in the narrative of normative heterosexual masculinity. I will focus their films with moments of fissure and spasm as a field where we can negotiate with institutional representation of heterosexuality and imagine homosexuality."   

The backstreets: "Talk about beginners' luck.  Billed as the first Korean "gay film", and the first feature by writer-director Kim In-Sik, Road Movie is one of the most moving and memorable gay-related films made anywhere in the world, in years..."

Magnus Hirschfeld Archive for Sexology: Index Page: South Korea: - Homoerotic, Homosexual, and Ambisexual Behaviors. - Gender Conflicted Persons. - HIV/AIDS. - Homosexuality in ancient and modern Korea. (Full Text: PDF).

Asian Homosexuality - 1992 - edited by Wayne R. Dynes and Stephen Donaldson (Table of Contents). Contains: "The Korean Namsadang," 81-88. - Korean Gay and Lesbian History. - Remembered branches: towards a future of Korean homosexual film.

First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies (2005): Papers available for download. - The 2005 Conference Abstracts: Many of these possible papers were either not presented or not made avaible as full text papers (PDF Download) (Alternate Link). - Titles for abstracts of these paper: related to South Korea: - Playing in the Dark: Korean "Gay" Men and "Gay" Korean Bathhouses (Song Pae Cho, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign): "Even though the mainstream gay and lesbian movement in South Korea has often disparaged these spaces in favour of more “formal” rights and markers of “gay citizenship,” in this paper, I argue that it is, in fact, the “wild” and “unregulated” spaces that often exist only provisionally and both within as well as outside the field of gay commodification, that we can see the practices of gay democracy and public gay society-making. Using ethnography from “gay” bathhouses in Seoul, Korea, I argue that these spaces where queer desire sometimes takes us by surprise can open ourselves up to the pleasure of inter-class and inter-generational contact as well as the possibility of imagining other forms of sociality. However, they can also reveal the limits of Western notions of “gay identity,” and “gay community.” - Research on Queer Girls’ Identity Formation in South Korea (Ji Eun Lee, Yonsei University). 

Resource Links: - Utopia's Korean Resources. - Utopia: Korean Lesbian Resources. - Buddy, the center of Koreas gay and lesbian community. - OutProud Korea: Lesbian and Gay Human Rights Federation. - Grey Gay Guide - Korea. - GayRice. - Queer Eye Korea Blog. - Chingusai ("Between Friends"): the only gay men's rights organization in Korea. - HK's Korea Resources. 

Gay Korea (Global Gayz): - News/Reports 1999-2007. - ILGA Report. - The Eastgarden. 

Gayscape. - Pridelinks. 

NORTH KOREA: - Gay in North Korea. - Gay Rights and Human Rights in North Korea. - LGBT rights in North Korea.

Global Gayz: - News/Reports. - ILGA Report. - The Eastgarden.

JAPAN: - Male Homosexuality and Popular Culture in Modern Japan. - Intersections Home Page. - Japanese politician opens closet doors. - Lesbian politican takes on Japan. - Lesbian candidate a first for Japan. - Japanese lesbian fails to win election. - Lesbian politician Kanako Otsuji talks about gender issues in Japan. - Thousands celebrate Japan's annual gay parade. - New magazine says 'yes' to bringing gay industry out of the closet. - Is this really just good fun? - Hard Gay: The Man, The Myth, The Legend. - Neither gay nor hard but definitely Japanese. - Aya Kamikawa enjoys freedom of new transgender law in Japan. - Indians pitcher: Gay porn video was mistake. Tadano asks for forgiveness, expects abuse from fans... Tadano was one of Japan’s top college pitchers and expected to be a high first-round pick in 2002. But after a Japanese tabloid published photos of him in the video a month before the draft, pro teams in Japan did not select him. “The commissioner of Japanese baseball came out and said, ’You will not draft Tadano,”’ asserted the pitcher’s agent, Alan Nero... - The Violations of the Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Persons in Japan: A Shadow Report (2008).

Gay identity in university EFL courses in Japan by Jane Joritz-Nakagawa. - Images from "Otoko", associated images and some texts. -  ‘Selectively Out:’ Being a Gay Foreign National in Japan. - Gay Iranian Desperate to Stay in Japan. -  Japan Refuses Refugee Status for Gay Iranian. - Japan Refuses Sanctuary to Fleeing Gay. - Yoichi Hayase:  I run the first and only gay travel agency in Japan, True Travel. - GLBTQ: Japan. - The Newhalf Net: Japan's “Intermediate Sex” On-Line. - Japan NewHalf Guidebook: You will meet beautiful Newhalf in Japan. - Lesbian Animation: Plica-chan: "Back in February of 2006, I reviewed a 4-panel comic called Plica-chan. Plica-chan is a serialized comic that currently runs on the Love Piece Club website and in the newsletter for the LOUD organization. Unlike Yuri manga, Plica-chan is a realistic, bitter and funny take on actual lesbian life in Japan - complete with closet and internal and external homophobia and cluelessness..."

Challenges for gay-MSM programs in Japan (2005 PowerPoint Presentation as PDF): Social recognition of homosexuality still remains low in Japan. "Mild Discrimination:" would lead to the misconception that homosexuality is being accepted in Japan. Many gay people are strongly afraid of getting their sexuality known by others. Even when victimized in gay bashing, they feel difficulties in asking anyone around for help...  Jaopan is by no means an easy p[lace to live equally with the heterosexual. -Being Gay In Ehime: Homosexuality in Japan is still taboo. Hence, the closets here are big enough for you and your lover to sleep inside. Even if the younger generation is more open-minded, you will probably encounter a lot of ignorance and misunderstanding in the rural areas of Ehime. For many, a gay person is a witty comedian who dresses up as an old grandmother on TV to make people laugh. It is therefore not surprising to see their bewildered faces when you tell them the big news...

Some observations on gay life in Japan (Osaka): I won't say that the gay community is public here, but its not hard to find. Gay personalities on TV are of the "liberace/little queen" variety and are seen as entertainment. To take homosexuality serious is still a trying issue...There's lots of bars and a couple "saunas" here. You'll get hundreds of men - of ALL ages - gathering together at the saunas at night for ambiguous sex. Not all of them "gay"... These books are fairly popular. But, they don't break the cardinal rule. That being, homosexuality, no matter how entertaining on tv, gay is actually something that is a bit perverse and "underground culture-ish". The idea of a Castro Street is really not welcome. Gays are almost in the same league as prostitutes, blow-job bar girls, their pimps and the crime syndicate. Basically, its a fringe group..." - Tolerance toward gay people, especially toward lesbians, in Japanese society (Must Scroll). - Interpretation and Orientalism: Outing Japan's Sexual Minorities to the English-Speaking World. - Introduction to Queer Japan.(Index Page: Queer Samurai Japan for Gay Youth)

Gays in Japan Stay In The Closet: "As a country, Japan isn't sure how to relate to gay people, so their solution is to not do so. Social conformity is paramount in Japan, and social conformity requires gay people to stay in the closet. Part of the reason for this is a great deal of ignorance of what being gay is all about. Most Japanese think all homosexuals have opposite-sex gender identification - all gay men are queens and all lesbians are butch. When I explain to students (I'm a straight American English teacher in Japan) that this isn't true and that only a minority are queens or butch, students are very surprised. They are surprised because this isn't what they see on TV. The only gay men they see on TV are queens. They never see men who look and act normal in every respect except that they're attracted to men. So if you ask them how they'd feel if it turned out that their brother or friend was gay, in their mind, they're imagining their brother or friend as a flaming queen... Bullying is considered a big problem in Japanese schools, and the most common form of 'bullying' is one in which most or all of a class ostracizes one child. In America this wouldn't really be considered 'bullying,' but in Japan, students have committed suicide because of it. It's a very big deal. Gay Japanese know that the more out they get, the closer they get to that..." 

Queer Japan. - The Love Between ‘Beautiful Boys’ in Japanese Women’s Comics. - Is there a Japanese 'gay identity'? - Women-loving Women in Modern Japan. - Jyosei Jyoi Banzai! -  My Queer Career: Coming Out as a 'Researcher' in Japan: "I have been trying to write this paper on and off for some years now. It has been an attempt to tell an account of my personal experiences of carrying out my doctoral research in Japan among self-identified Japanese lesbians.[1] When I tell snippets of the story to friends and colleagues, overwhelmingly the response is 'you must write it down, it's as interesting as the research itself.'..." - From sailor suits to sadism: representations of "Lesbos love" in Japan's postwar perverse press (Word Download, Must Scroll) (Alternate Link). - The transgender world in contemporary Japan: the male to female cross-dressers' community in Shinjuku. - Transgendered woman wins seat in Tokyo Assembly: Aya Kamikawa, a transgendered woman, won a seat in Tokyo's Setagaya ward assembly on Sunday - making her the first transsexual official in Japan.

The low rate of HIV infection in Japanese homosexual and bisexual men: an analysis of HIV seroprevalence and behavioural risk factors. - Gay men and HIV in Japan. - HIV rises in japan's gay community. - HIV/AIDS Situation among Gay/MSM Communities in Japan. - In Japanese, there is no word for abstinence. Report from the 12th World Congress of Sexology. - Challenges for gay-MSM programs in Japan (2005 PowerPoint Presentation as PDF),  presented ay: The Gay/MSM Challenges Satellite at the Kobe ICAAP: Challenges in developing gay-MSM HIV prevention programs in complex environments (PDF Download). - Substance use and sexual behaviours of Japanese men who have sex with men: a nationwide internet survey conducted in Japan.

Androgyny and Otherness: Exploring the West Through the Japanese Performative Body [Excerpt, Asian Theater Journal, 18(2), 2001] Related Issues: Contemporary Colonialism - A View from the East.. - The Beautiful Way: The Roots of Homosexuality in Japan. - Review Essay: Discourses and practices of homosexuality in Japan: recent contributions to the literature (Social Science Japan Journal, 4(2), 2001): PDF Download N/A.

1994: My name is Miwa Machino. I am 44 years old and living in Tokyo Japan. I would like to speak about Japanese Lesbian situation now, telling you something about my life and something about my work in the Lesbian movements... - Lesbianism & Feminism. - My experience at Tokai Lesbian Weekend. - Coming out at work. - Coming out to my parents.  (More Articles).. Women-loving Women in Modern Japan. - Emerging Lesbian Voices from Japan. - My Queer Career: Coming Out as a 'Researcher' in Japan.  - Entering the Lesbian World in Japan Debut Stories. - Lesbian Mothers in Japan: An Insider's Report.

Gender Cleansing: The Innocent World of Young Girls in Suzuki Izumi's "The Age of Woman and Woman": "The story alludes to another parallelism with the author’s world. In Yuko’s society, lesbianism is the accepted, “natural” way of life, and heterosexual love is nonexistent. Contrariwise, in the author’s world, lesbianism was almost never openly discussed (Yoshizumi 192). Similarly, in Yuko’s society, heterosexuality, and men outside of those in the ghetto or in manga must never be discussed. Flipping lesbian and heterosexual love between the story world and the author’s world highlights how Japanese society has suppressed lesbianism and the people who find it “natural.” The question “How can Yuko tell her story?” becomes the same as how can a lesbian in 1970s Japan tell her story and have her sexual persuasion accepted by society. More generally, this question becomes how people with non-standard sexual persuasions can successfully have their stories and identities accepted by society..."

Ore wa ore dakara ['Because I'm me']: A study of gender and language in the documentary Shinjuku Boys. - Tolerance, Form and Female Dis-ease: The Pathologisation of Lesbian Sexuality in Japanese Society. - Who’s That Girl? Lesbian In/visibility in Japanese Society.

Gender Gymnastics: Performers, Fans and Gender Issues in the Takarazuka Revue of Contemporary Japan{Download Page):  "This thesis analyses the Takarazuka Revue, an all-female musical theatre company, seeking to investigate its relation to broader issues of gender in contemporary Japan. Takarazuka has simultaneously reinforced and challenged the gender norms of Japanese society for the past ninety years, and indeed provides insights into the construction of those very norms. Takarazuka takes images of masculinity and femininity from mainstream society, the media, arts and popular culture, in both Japan and other countries, and reconstructs them according to its own distinct notions of how gender should be portrayed, both on and off its stage, not only by its performers, but also by fans and creative staff.  Unlike in other single-sex theatrical genres featuring cross-dressing, such as Kabuki, gender is the essential focus of every performance in Takarazuka.  Takarazuka�s practices show that gender is not inherent, but must be learned through observation, imitation and direct instruction, and that various versions of male gender can be assumed for specific purposes, even temporarily, by biological females (and vice versa). Takarazuka�s relationship with gender extends well beyond the stage itself; and one of the ways in which this thesis goes beyond other studies is its focus on the whole life-course of Takarazuka performers, including their girlhood and post-retirement years..." Wikipedia: Takarazuka Revue. - Japan's Takarazuka Theater makes women, and men, of talented girls.

Interview with Teiji Furuhashi, Performanceartist:: - Carol: Do you consider the Takarazuka theatre drag? Teiji: Yes, I love them! But maybe their budget is too large for it to be called drag. (Laughs) Those girls do not seem to have any gender politics. A few of them came to my drag parties just out of curiosity and they were caught off guard because a couple of lesbians came on to them. Maybe it has never occurred to them that real sex happens! - Carol: Tell me more about these drag parties. Teiji: In the late 1980s, I was not really open in Japan about the fact that I was working in New York as a drag queen. I could see that there was a cultural mix-up in Japan between transsexuals and drag queens. - Carol: So what happened? Teiji: In 1989, I decided to bring drag back to Japan to the late Bubble Period nightclubs like gold, Endmax and Yellow in Tokyo and Genesis and Paranoia in Osaka. We threw drag parties and called them 'Diamonds are forever'. They had the longest waiting lines of all. - Carol: I saw this underground drag video, Diamond Hour, in which you play a heroine called Ms. Glorias who is a goofy, devious blend of a rag doll and Carol Channing. Is that your drag persona? Teiji: I don't have one definite persona. I am sometimes Julie Andrews, sometimes Barbra Streisand or Barbarella. These are my conventional drag persona. Sometimes I become a space cowboy or invader or whatever, any outrageous character I can invent with make-up and clothes. - Carol: How did the Diamond Hour project get started? Teiji: It was shown at the Gay and Lesbian Film Festival in New York and was directed by D.K. Uraji, a professional illustrator and full-time drag queen. It is really a no-budget movie, but it looks beautiful in a way, which I guess is the philosophical point of drag...

Doing ‘Couples’ in Lesbian Communities and Doing ‘Lesbian Couples’ in the Japanese Society (Saori Kamano, National Institute of Population & Social Security Research) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "In this paper, I will depict ways in which lesbians construct ‘lesbian couples’ in Japan. First, I will focus on what goes on within a ‘lesbian community’ by examining how ‘couples’, ‘partners’, and/or ‘romantic relationships’ are being understood and depicted. I will specifically analyze the behaviors, meanings and values that are associated with being in a couple relationship and the language used in discussing such relationships among lesbians. Second, I will examine how lesbians construct ‘lesbian couples’ vis-à-vis heterosexual couples and/or gay male couples by looking at how ‘lesbian couples’ are juxtaposed against heterosexual and gay men’s relationships. For example, I will identify various social and interpersonal contexts in which lesbians claim ‘lesbian couples’ to be similar to and/or different from heterosexual and gay male couples and delineate the characteristics of ‘lesbian couples’ that are being emphasized through making such claims. In my analyses, I will rely on published materials, such as newsletters (e.g., Regumi Tsushin) and magazines targeting sexual minority women (e.g., Anise), and major Internet sites by and for lesbians, in addition to face-to-face interviews I conducted in 2002 of more than 20 self-identified lesbians. It is my hope that the paper takes the first step in understanding and defining what it means to be ‘lesbian couples‚’ in today’s Japan by taking a more ‘insider’s approach’ than merely looking at how lesbian couples are seen and understood by the larger society."

From Bar to Clubs: Discourses of Women-Only Space (Claire Maree, Tsuda College) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "In 1994 the first Gay and Lesbian Parade was held in Tokyo, Japan. Fronted by a huge banner reading ‘Come Out’, over 1300 people walked in what marked the first major demonstration of gay and lesbian pride outside Shinjuku ni-choome, the so-called gay area of central Tokyo. The mid-nineties also saw the use within the lesbian of the phrase debyuu (to debut = go to a lgbq event for the first time as a lgbq). Against this backdrop a range of new clubs and bars began to spring up in Shinjuku and beyond. Among these was a women’s-only club event operating monthly in venues outside of ni-choome that remains popular today. Although the 1990s emerges as a time of change and innovation, of greater access and visibility, women-only space had been in operation since the 1970s. Lesbian bars began opening in ni-choome in the 1980s. In this paper I will examine the discourse of women’s only club and bar spaces from the 1970s to the present. Focusing on flyers, advertisements in magazines, mini-komi (community zines) and more recently the internet, I will examine how imaginings of women-only space in Tokyo have shifted during the 70s, 80s and 90s. I will specifically focus on the intersections of ‘female’ and ‘queer’, to explore the language of ‘women-only space’ and issues of lesbian (and women-woman desire) within those spaces."

My Different ‘I’s: Survival, Subversion and Non-Visual Queerness (Akiko Shimizu, Chuo University) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "The main objective of this paper is to examine how, and to what extent, one can re-present and re-construct one’s gendered self by appropriating existing sets of gender norms. In particular, I will insist on the importance of the roles the non-visual, or verbal, gendered practices may play in the attempts of self-re-presentation, and argue that, when combined with visual gendered practices that may or may not be consistent with them, they can open up a space for non-traditional, non-normative configurations of gendered experiences. Using examples from girls‚ novels‚ pop music, and other cultural texts in modern Japan, I will demonstrate how the choice of different first person pronouns can allow Japanese women to project different gendered images, and discuss how, and to what extent, it can be used strategically in order for the self to avoid or loosen the grip of existing gender norms. I hope this paper will not only demonstrate one possible way of re-appropriating Anglo-American queer/gender theories in a Japanese context with the view of unsettling the fantasy of solid and coherent genders, but also question the current emphasis in queer theories on visibility of gender and sexuality."

Individualization and Japanese Gays (Tomoyuki Kaneta, Tokyo Metropolitan University) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "This article arms about individualization among Japanese gays. Individualization is a concept explaining a uniqueness of modernity or late-modernity(not post-modernity). this concept mainly used by Ulrich Beck, German sociologist. According to Beck, modernity drives individualization to any persons. With individualization, any events is experienced as a individual event, and individualization regard individual choice as most important in modern life and state. In our era, Individualization infiltrate into any social system, of course, into sexuality and intimacy system, without exception. modern democratic society needs individuals as components of society, at the same time, individualization emerge in modern society. So, on Japanese gays, individualization has been infiltrating thoroughly. In Japan, basically, "coming out" is not seen as a political action, but as an individual choice, individual selective action. this situation dose not means what Japanese gays can not have politicized "coming out" ever. a few famous Japanese gay leaders has made effort to politicize a gay issue, including "coming out". but these trials dose not seem to succeed sufficiently, by reason that individualization become a political gay issue to a simple individual issue. I think individualization infiltrated among Japanese gays, before some political claims emerged. therefore, Japanese gays dose not form a obviously political consciousness. In these situation, we must reconsider "gay politics" in Japan."

Oppressive Effects on Pre-sexual minorities (Hisashi Kubo, Kobe University) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "Pre-sexual-minorities in Japan experience much difficulty in acquiring sexual minority identity, and this paper explores the causes of this difficulty. I have used the word ‘pre-sexual-minorities’, referring to those who feel their sexuality is somewhat different from that of other people, but who are unable to identify themselves as sexual minority. Drawing on data from empirical research, this paper hypothesizes that this is mainly an effect of the invisibility of sexual minorities in social space, especially suburban space in Japan. Although queer people are discriminated against in Western societies as well, these societies at least recognize that queer people exist. By contrast, in the Japanese society many people are not even aware of the existence of sexual minorities so that these minorities are rendered invisible in daily social life. It should be argued that this situation oppresses pre-sexual-minorities in a latent way. This paper focuses on the suburban space as a typical setting where this oppressive process takes place. This place is made up of nuclear families and homogenous, especially in ‘New Towns.’ Compared with the central city, the suburban space is less diverse in terms of kinds of activities, and less tolerant toward heterogeneity, especially in terms of sexual life-styles. Gendered division of labor is distinct and parents put large energy into better educating for their children. This normative sense of values renders sexual minority invisible. Consequently, it is hard for pre-sexual-minorities to accept their own sexual queerness by identifying themselves as a sexual minority."

Tokyo, Japan: "The Gay community in Tokyo is large and thriving. Although "Gay bashing" is rarely reported, most Japanese people still seem very uncomfortable with "non-traditional" sexual orientation. Despite numerous historical and present-day examples of homosexuality in Japan, it is still often considered to be a "problem unique to foreigners". Gay students on the program have found the Gay community in Tokyo to be very supportive, though most have chosen to remain "in the closet" with their host families and teachers." - Kamingu Auto: Homosexuality & Popular Culture in Japan: PDF Download.

Masashi Harada: Japanese male gay and bisexual identity (Journal of Homosexuality, 42 2 , p. 77-100, 2001): "This exploratory study investigated gay and bisexual identity through interviews of 34 Japanese gay and bisexual men... The results of this study suggest that there are two distinct types of Japanese men sexually interested in men, which the author will call "bisexual" and "gay ."  ...A significant number of respondents have careers of vocations in the arts. This study touches on the correlation between art and male-male sexual orientation in Japan." (Abstract at Medline). - Attempted suicide, psychological health and exposure to harassment among Japanese homosexual, bisexual or other men questioning their sexual orientation recruited via the internet. - Mental health and school-based verbal abuse among Japanese gay and bisexual men (Related PowerPoint Download).

Bubbling under: Not having to explain chopsticks: Masa Sato, 22, came from Japan to study and experience life in a Western country. His mother knows he’s gay, but she has sworn him to secrecy since his father wouldn’t approve.  "Japanese people are very homophobic," Sato says. "They consider homosexuality to be bizarre. Japanese people do not understand why two people of the same sex can be attracted to one another." Sato points to an incident in Japan last year when a young man was killed because he was gay but, as Masa says, "the Japanese media didn’t mention the sexual orientation of the young man, they just treated the murder as an accident."

From Closet to Classroom: Gay Issues in ESL/EFL: (The Language Teacher, 1998) "It goes without saying that consciousness about the varieties of relationships and even families is growing here in Japan. Partially as a result of the media and feminist and human rights movements, our students have an interest in gay relations (Ishino & Wakabayashi, 1995). Some of our students are gay themselves, understandably cautious about coming out in a still homophobic society..." - Two Japanese Roundtable Conversations on Gay Life and Identity. - Self-Censorship. - Out on the Global Stage: Authenticity, Interpretation and Orientalism in Japanese Coming Out Narratives - by Mark J. McLelland. - Secrets of Japan.

Sensei, I Slashed My Wrists Last Night: "Mike, I slashed my wrists last night," Kaoru announced, "But don't worry. I'm okay now. I didn't cut that hard." Shock? Confusion? Anger? What was I supposed to feel? More importantly, what was I supposed to do? We talked long into the night, and even when my head was falling from exhaustion, I was too terrified to hang up. This particular story, at least, has a happy ending. Over the following four months, Kaoru came out to family and friends, founded a sexuality discussion group at the university, and began volunteering for gay and lesbian cultural projects. Kaoru's struggles are far from over, of course--rebuilding a life can take years--but now the challenge is being met with optimism and confidence. I sometimes reflect on my role seeing Kaoru through this ordeal. What a lucky turn of fate that Kaoru guessed I would offer a supportive ear, and was able to reach out to me. For several months, I was Kaoru's primary lifeline and counsellor, and together we worked through many rough spots, including the suicide attempt. It horrifies me to think what would have happened had I not made myself approachable..."

Research Summary: GLB Japanese in U.S: "In Queer Studies, research is beginning to focus on minority and cross-cultural issues, yet little has been done about glb Japanese living in the U.S. The Japanese make up one of the largest groups of international students studying here in the U.S. For glb Japanese who come for academic study, the journey overseas often brings with it different challenges and, many times, a realization that their sexuality places them between two cultures...  In Japanese, there is no word which embodies the meaning that gay, lesbian or bisexual hold here in the U.S. Once in the States, most glb Japanese students report isolation, marginalization and a sense that they are the only one. No major group exists which organizes glb Japanese in the U.S. There are many glb Asian groups, but most Japanese don't feel a connection with other glb Asians. Most Japanese are in relationships with Americans adding the cross-cultural dimension to their relationships..."

Intersections, Special Issue: Queer Japan (2006). Introduction to the Queer Japan Special Issue. - Japan's Gay History. - The Social Situation Facing Gays in Japan. - AIDS and the Gay Community in Japan. - Japanese Lesbian/Gay Studies. - Festival of Sexual Minorities in Japan: - A Revival of the Tokyo Lesbian & Gay Parade in 2005. - Determined to Live as a Man. - The Legal Situation Facing Sexual Minorities in Japan. - The Process of Divergence between 'Men who Love Men' and 'Feminised Men' in Postwar Japanese Media. - Itō Bungaku and the Solidarity of the Rose Tribes [Barazoku]: - Stirrings of Homo Solidarity in Early 1970s Japan. - Yaoi Ronsō: Discussing Depictions of Male Homosexuality in Japanese Girls' Comics, Gay Comics and Gay Pornography. - Penisism and the Eternal Hole: (Homo)Eroticism and Existential Exploration in the Early Poetry of Takahashi Mutsuo. - A Short History of Hentai. Interactive Practices in Shinjuku Ni-Chōme's Homosexual Bars. -- Interviews... Clandestine Wandering in the World of Women: An Interview with Freelance Journalist 'Y'. - Celebrating Lesbian Sexuality: Interview with Inoue Meimy. - Interview with Takahashi Mutsuo. -- Poetry... Confessions of Madame Ursula Bearine. Book Reviews...  Fushimi Noriaki, Matsuzawa Kureichi, Kurokawa Noboyuki, Yamanaka Toshio, Oikawa Kenji, Noguchi Katsuzō 'Okama' wa sabetsu ka: 'Shūkan Kinyōbi no Sabetsu Hyōgen Jiken [Does 'okama' have discriminatory connotations? The discriminating expression case in the weekly magazine Shūkan Kinyōbi].

Typology of Male Homosexualities in Contemporary Japan and Its Mediatized Expressions (Erick Laurent, Gifu Keizai University) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "The ‘categorization’ seems to be a major characteristic of the Japanese homosexual world. This paper analyzes the ways such a typology is formed, transmitted and mediatized. The methodological tools include participant observation in bars, formal interviews and content analysis of the gay press. The ‘logic of the types’ is created and reinforced in 3 areas in the gay world: the bars, the press, and self-presentation. In guides, classification of bars is precise, according to the dominant mood, age of customers, and type of encounter. In such a milieux, the first thing one is asked is ‘What is your type?’ It is not unusual to be asked to drink elsewhere should one’s preferences not match the bar’s characteristics. Similar is the case in gay magazines. Seven are published monthly, each dedicated to the various types. The vocabulary used, pictures, stories and news in each magazine tend to maintain barriers between the types. During self-presentation, a Japanese gay has to announce to which ‘type’ he belongs. Finally, advertisements on websites are often classified according to more than 20 types. It is my claim that the existence of the typology has a certain influence in shaping aspects of gay sexuality and life in Japan. One reason for its success is that it mirrors Japanese society in general, where nearly everything has to be ‘classified’ to be dealt with. In such a way, encounters are channelled, ‘the other’ is situated; the culture of secrecy is maintained."

LGBT rights in Japan. - Gays won Japan's first gay-rights lawsuit. - Lesbian and Gay rights in Japan. - Gay Rights Emergence Forces Issues Japan Has Avoided. - Tokyo Gays' Rights Dumped: "It was big news when the government had GLBT activists help write human rights guidelines, but their issues have disappeared from the draft document." - Japanese court rules against Mishima book N/A.

Gender and sexualities in Japan workshop (Word Download): The past decade has seen growing interest within Asian Studies regarding previously overlooked "marginal" or "liminal" sexual and gender identities in societies of the region... Abstracts: Ordeal by Roses: The Other Side of Yukio Mishima. - Working With Heterosexuality: Work, Marriage, Fatherhood and the 'Salaryman' in Japan. - From sailor suits to sadism: representations of "Lesbos love" in Japan's postwar perverse press. - eminist Futures and Future Feminists. - Professional 'kyoiku mama': Being a good mother via the practice of 'ojuken' among educated women in modern Tokyo.

The Power of Repression and the Power of Foreclosure: Foucault and Lacan vis-à-vis Japan: "In France, it seems that gay people are accepted--or sometimes adored--only aesthetically. The situation is more so in Japan. There is a tradition of homosexual love dating back to premodern times; and today, transvestites and gays are stars on popular TV programs, and women cartoonists prefer to draw stories about male homosexuality. These phenomena create the appearance of homosexuality being widely accepted in Japan. The acceptance is nevertheless limited to the aesthetical domain. Old and ugly gay lovers are out of the question. In this situation it is rather that the aesthetic affirmation of homosexuality blocks the liberation of gay men and women as humans..."

Queer Life in Cool Places: Kevyn's Semester at Sea: Japan. - My Life Has Been Sad: One man's struggle against bigotry: Peeco - As He is known to the whole of Japan - is a leading television commentator on fashion and film. The 53-year-old also writes on society and music. He talked with Asiaweek Contributor Suvendrini Kakuchi about being a homosexual in a convention-bound society like Japan. What made you decide to openly declare your homosexuality?..." - Striving to de-exoticize Japanese marriage avoiders: "After graduating, he returned to Japan in 1988, contacting feminist, lesbian, and gay people. The assumption that all adults must be married was problematic to feminists, lesbians, and gay men he met and he decided to study those "whose ideas, feelings or lifestyles are at variance with Japanese constructions of marriage" (p.2). The pressure to wed is so great that, as Lunsing detailed, gay male magazines include advertisements for wives. Most want something like a traditional marriage (in which males spend few waking hours at home)..." (Book Review: De-exoticizing Japanese sexuality - 2001 - by Wim Lunsing) 

History: -Homosexuality in the Japanese Buddhist Tradition. - Homosexuality and Theravada Buddhism. (Alternate Link) - Some Notes on Buddhist Views of Sexual Minority Orientation and Behavior. - Are you worthy to be a Samurai? - The beautiful way of the Samurai: Native tradition and Hellenic echo. - Homosexuality in Japan. - Homosexuality in Japan. - Cannes: Oshima explore la voie du samouraï! - Academic News (PDF Download): Indiana University turned into a hot spot for the research of sexuality in Edo culblre when it hosted the international conference". Sexuality and Edo Culture. 17S0-1850" from August 17 to 20, 1995. As the organizer, Sumie Jones mentioned in her opening remarks, sexuality in Edo cUlnare has been largely ignored by adademicss in the U.S. and to an even greater extent, Japan. - Making Japanese by Taking off Clothes. - The World of Sex in Tokugawa and Meiji Japan. - Japanese Erotic Fantasies: Sexual imagery of the Edo period (PDF Download). - A World History of Homosexuality (U3A course SBS19-2006): The Beautiful Way, Homosexuality in Japan. (PDF Download).

Japanese History For Gay Men: There are divergence of views in fact. - Tale of Murasaki - Homosexuality. - Session 9: Homoeroticism and Modernity from Kansei to Showa: The Boys of Kansei - Genbun'itchi and Modern Sexuality - Male Homosexuality in Meiji Literature: Its Traditional Aspects and Change Through Meiji Modernization - Seventy Years of Japanese Homosexuality? On "Compulsory Nationality." - Homosexuality in the Japanese Imperial Armed Forces. Fallen Warriors as Mass Media Stars: Paper on Japanese gay samurai iconography, with prints depicting "nanshoku" and homosexuality in military society.

A Mirror for Men? Idealised Depictions of White Men and Gay Men in Japanese Women's Media (PDF Download): Abstract: This paper argues that Japanese women's media which portray images of foreign (nearly always white) men and Japanese gay men as objects of desire and fascination for Japanese women function as rhetorical mirrors whose real intent is to reflect back the supposed deficiencies of 'traditional' Japanese men. The paper concludes that women's media are being used as a vehicle for anti-male rhetoric, a channel for an indirect discourse of complaint whose main purpose is to critique the perceived shortcomings of ordinary Japanese men.

Why Are Japanese Girls’ Comics full of Boys Bonking? by Mark McLelland. - Unlikely Explorers: Alternative Narratives of Love, Sex, Gender, and Friendship in Japanese "Girls'" Comics. (More information on Shôjo Manga) - Local meanings in global space: a case study of women's 'Boy love' web sites in Japanese and English. - Pornography or Therapy? Japanese Girls Creating the Yaoi Phenomenon. - "Boys' Love," Yaoi, and Art Education: Issues of Power and Pedagogy. - Eroticism for the Masses: Japanese Manga Comics and Their Assimilation into the U.S. - No Climax, No Point, No Meaning? Japanese Women's Boy-Love Sites on the Internet. - Male Homosexuality in American Comic Books and Japanese Manga. - What is Bara? In online discussions about yaoi and gay men appreciating yaoi, the subject of bara - Japanese gay male comics targeted at a gay male audience - invariably gets mentioned, but rarely does anyone seem to have much information to offer.

Anime with Gay, Lesbian, & Trans themes/characters.  - Gay Anime, gay hentai, gay yaoi. - Gender and sexuality in Japanese Anime. - A Resource and Guide To Homosexuality, Bisexuality, and Transgenderism in Anime. - Homosexual Male in Shoujo Anime. - Otaku Corner: Homosexuality in Anime and Anime Fandom Part 1: A Glossary. - An open letter to gays, lesbians, and bisexuals new to anime. - GLBTQ: Manga. - Beautiful, Borrowed and Bent:  Boys Love as Girls Love in Shoujo Manga (Must Scroll).  Manga Men: On May 25 some 15,000 anime fans will be flooding Toronto for the annual Anime North convention. Throw in the yaoi and you've got the makings of a gay 'ole time. But where do the real live homos fit in? "Ya-what?" you ask? Yaoi, pronounced yah-oh-ee, is the North American term for man-on-man anime, ranging from the romantic to the hardcore. - Manga Talk on Anime Bento. - Transgendered Anime.

Yuricon.org: Yuricon and ALC Publishing - creating, disseminating and celebrating yuri and shoujoai - lesbian images and stories - in anime and manga since 2000! - Essays. - Yuricon Celebrates Lesbian Anime and Manga. - A Beginner's Guide to "Must-See" Yuri anime and Manga. - An Introduction to Yuri Manga and Anime. - Yuricon: As we contemplated this year's theme, Chicks with Weapons, we couldn't help but notice more strong female role models in anime, manga, television and movies than ever before. - 100% Yuri Manga Anthology Yuri Monogatari 5 Available for Pre-Order.

AnimeResearch.com, Anime, Manga, and Japanese Culture: The Function of Woman-Authored Manga in Japanese Society: "In its year 2000 White Paper, Japan’s Ministry of Education ranked anime (animation) and manga (comics) “among the most important forms of artistic expression in the modern Japanese cultural environment” (“Education White Paper”). Some anime and manga fans have praised this pronouncement because they perceive it to mean the two media are finally receiving the critical attention they so richly deserve. However, along with official recognition can come increased homogenization of the medium as it becomes a cultural product ready for consumption; it stands to reason that manga and anime would not be lauded so highly if they did not represent sanctioned cultural norms..." - Gay Love in Japanese Manga. - Anime, mon amour: forget Pokemon—Japanese animation explodes with gay, lesbian, and trans themes.

Yaoi Fans As ‘Queer’ Women in Japan (Akiko Mizoguchi, University of Rochester) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "Starting in the early 1960s, yaoi fictions, male homosexual comics and illustrated novels created by women for women in Japan, cater to at least half a million women today. Though many stronger works of the 1960s and 1970s have proven to be crossover hits with readers of both genders, more recent yaoi comics and illustrated novels which feature explicit depiction of male homosexual acts have excluded straight male. Today over 95% readers and 100% writers and artists are women for the yaoi genre as a whole, and as such, yaoi provides a female gendered and fully sexualized discursive space. What female yaoi fans communicate in this space through the representations of male homosexual romance narratives are their sexual desires and fantasies. Regardless of their sexual identities such as straight, lesbian, bisexual and others, these women operate in the yaoi space together. For example, a married woman who reads yaoi fictions and shares her fantasies with other yaoi fans on a daily basis, and claims that such acts feel more ‘sexual’ than her actual sex acts is not at all rare. Instead of calling these women straight women who like yaoi fictions, or women who belong to ‘lesbian continuum’ with lesbian fans of yaoi fictions, this paper proposes to call them ‘queer.’ By examining women’s words from magazines, face-to-face interviews and email correspondences, this paper explores this ‘queerness’ that exceeds conventional categories of sexual orientations in the hope of expanding the discussions of women’s ‘queer’ sexualities in contemporary Japan." - "Stop, My Butt Hurts!" The Yaoi Invasion.

Reaching Out from the Margins: Queer Community Formation in an ‘Aesthete’ Magazine for Teenagers (James Welker, Nanzan University) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "The popularity of the shounen ai (boys’ love) genre of shoujo manga (girls’ comics) has drawn significant critical attention. While shounen ai has been described as offering a liberatory sphere within which readers are freed to experiment with romance and sexuality, what has little been noted is the genre’s appeal to young people whose sexual desire and identities transgress heteropatriarchal norms. Given the popularity of this genre, with its focus on beautiful, often androgynous boys in love with each other, it is unsurprising that the end of the 1970s saw the appearance of a few magazines aimed at teenage girls and focused on these bishounen (beautiful boys) and their romantic, sometimes sexual relationships with each other. Among the readership of these ‘tanbiha’ (cult of aesthetes) magazines were young women and men drawn to depictions of a range of homosexual and transgender desire and identities. The existence of these readers is evidenced by their contributions to the magazines, sometimes as editorial commentary, sometimes as confessional testimony. Aran (Allan) specifically published a ‘lesbienne’ personals column, which first appeared literally on the margins of the magazine, and which eventually made space for male readers. In allowing readers to make textual if not physical contact with each other, these magazines functioned as sites where queer young people were able to find or create communities of others like themselves. This paper examines reader contributions to these tanbiha magazines and explores their role in community formation among young people resisting heteronormativity." 

Photographer Kyle Sackowski travels to Japan, focuses lenses on gay underground in Tokyo. - Masters of Japanese Gay Erotic Art. - History of Japanese Gay Erotic Art-Menu. - History of Japanese Gay Erotic Art-Early Era. - Gengoroh Tagame: Artiste érotique gay du Japon..- Gay Erotic Art in Japan (vol. 1): Artists from the Time of the Birth of Gay Magazines. - Yaoi Ronsō: Discussing Depictions of Male Homosexuality in Japanese Girls' Comics, Gay Comics and Gay Pornography.  - Gay erotic art in Japan, Vol 2 (PDF Download). - glbtq: Japanese Art. 

The Ultimate "Planet Out" Guide to Queer Movies (Country: Japan). - Bright Lights Film Journal: Gay Pink Films from Japan. - I Like You... I Like You Very Much: Revolutionary film maker Oki Hiroyuki has created the 'Pink Films,' the first gay, sexually explicit films to come out of Japan.- Love's Layers: Oki Hiroyuki's Inside Heart (Kokoro no Naka). - Oki Hiroyuki: Interview. - Waterboys. - The Tokyo Intl Lesbian & Gay Film Festival: 1999. - Tokyo International Lesbian & Gay Film & Video Festival Web Site: Film Archive & Interviews ro 2004. (A Brief History of TILGFF). - The (temporary?) queering of Japanese TV. - Japan's progressive sex: male homosexuality, national competition, and the cinema. - Obscenity and homosexual depiction in Japan. - Two Japanese variants of the absolute transvestite film. - The Many Faces of Eve: Lesbians in Japanese film finally come to life.- Tokyo 2005 International L&G Film Festival. - Kansai Queer Film Festival.

Notes from Chanbara Queen: a queer critique of 1950-1960 Japanese cinema (Marou Izumo, Independent Scholar) (Abstract, Must Scroll: PDF Download. Full text): "In this presentation I present my work Chanbara Queen (Pandora, 2003) which offers a queer critique of mass produced popular, swashbuckling movies from the Golden Era of Japanese cinema in the 1950s and 1960s. In particular I will focus on the portrayal of drag kings/drag queens in imaginary Edo period settings and gender representations therein. I will also discuss the fanatic consumption of those films by the Japanese public. Films to be discussed include Hanagasa Wakashu (The Young Man in the Flowered Hat, 1958) starring Misora Hibari, the greatest singing star of the post-war period, and Yukinojoo henge (The transformations of Yukinojoo, 1963) featuring the eternal screen beau, Hasegawa Kazuo." - Japan's progressive sex: male homosexuality, national competition, and the cinema.

Shinjuku Boys: From the makers of Dream Girls, Shinjuku Boys introduces three onnabes who work as hosts at the New Marilyn Club in Tokyo. Annabes are women who live as men and have girlfriends, although they don't usually identify as lesbians. As the film follows them at home and on the job, all three talk frankly to the camera about their gender-bending lives, revealing their views about women, sex, transvestitism and lesbianism. - Two Japanese variants of the absolute transvestite film. - Gohatto or the end of Oshima Nagisa.

Magnus Hirschfeld Archive for Sexology: Index Page: Japan: - Homoerotic, Homosexual, and Ambisexual Behaviors. - Gender Conflicted Persons. - HIV/AIDS.

First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies (2005): Papers available for download. - The 2005 Conference Abstracts: Many of these possible papers were either not presented or not made avaible as full text papers (PDF Download) (Alternate Link). - Titles for abstracts of these paper: related to Japan: - ‘Homosocial Desire’ versus ‘Heterosexual Hegemony’ in Corporate Japan (Romit Dasgupta, University of Western Australia). - Women’s Activism Against Homophobia: Christian Discourse in the Non-Christian Society of Japan (Yuri Horie, Osaka University). - The 3-D Rigid Structure (1990s) and The Flexible Network (1950s): Two Interpretative Frameworks on Marginal Sexualities in Post War Japan (Hitoshi Ishida, Meiji Gakuin University). - Notes from Chanbara Queen: a queer critique of 1950-1960 Japanese cinema (Marou Izumo, Independent Scholar). - Doing ‘Couples’ in Lesbian Communities and Doing ‘Lesbian Couples’ in the Japanese Society (Saori Kamano, National Institute of Population & Social Security Research). - Individualization and Japanese Gays (Tomoyuki Kaneta, Tokyo Metropolitan University). - Lesbians Depicted in Newsletters of Lesbian Groups Before and After the Gay Boom in Japan (Noriko Kohashi, Independent Scholar). - Oppressive Effects on Pre-sexual minorities (Hisashi Kubo, Kobe University). - Typology of Male Homosexualities in Contemporary Japan and Its Mediatized Expressions (Erick Laurent, Gifu Keizai University). - Networking Among Postwar Japanese Queer Communities (Mark McLelland, University of Queensland). - From Bar to Clubs: Discourses of Women-Only Space (Claire Maree, Tsuda College). - Yaoi Fans As ‘Queer’ Women in Japan (Akiko Mizoguchi, University of Rochester). - My Different ‘I’s: Survival, Subversion and Non-Visual Queerness (Akiko Shimizu, Chuo University). - Naming Themselves or Being Named?: Articulation of Indigenous Queer Politics of Modern Japan (Katsuhiko Suganuma, University of Melbourne). - ‘Transition Story’ in Person with GID (Sachiko Wakui, Kyoto University). - Reaching Out from the Margins: Queer Community Formation in an ‘Aesthete’ Magazine for Teenagers (James Welker, Nanzan University). .

Resource Links: - Gay/Lesbian Web Sites.- Gay Japanese Magazines. - Queer Samurai/ Gay Youth Japan - Japanese study resources links & Support. - Century Gay Student Union: Japan-based international GLBT student organization. - GayJapan.com. - JguyUSguy is the web meeting place for Japanese and non-Japanese men. - GayNet Japan (GNJ), founded in 1988. - Gay Tokyo Homepage. - Gay Kyoto. - Information from a NAFSAn in Japan. - Travel & Resources: Japan. - BJC's Gay Japan. - Reference: GLB articles/books in Japanese. - QueerTheory.com" Japan Resources. - Lesbian Feminism in Japan N/A.(Archive Link)  - GLBT Resources. - Google Directory: Pre-Modern Japan. - Google Directory: History.

GLBTQ, Japan: - Art. Film. Literature. Kabuki. Manga. Yukio Mishima. Ihara Saikaku. Mutsuo Takahashi. Takarazuka. Tokyo. Social Sciences.

Utopia's Japanese Resources. - StickyRice. - GLBT Links in Asia / IU and Bloomington GLBT Community. - GLBT Japanese Links. - Nobu's Gay Guide to Japan.

Gay Japan (Global Gayz): - News/Reports 2000-04. - ILGA Report. - The Eastgarden. 

QRD's Japan Resources. - Gayscape. - Pridelinks.

Tokyo's Gay Variety Shop: Books Rose. - "Kanojotachi No Ai Shikata N/A," which bears the English subtitle, "Bye, Bye Sexuality" [Tokyo: The Massada, 1997; 1400 yen], not only contains the tales of women who love other women, but also includes the real names and photographs in a very rare case in which gay women have gone public. The book is authored by Toro Kitao and the photographs are attributed to Kangoro Nagakawa. Both of the book's creators are heterosexual men in their 40s. 

Books: - Queer Japan : Personal Stories of Japanese Lesbians, Gays, Transsexuals and Bisexuals. - 1999 - translated and edited by Barbara Summerhawk,Cheiron McMahill and Darren McDonald (10 Sample Pages) (Review) (Alternate Links) (Review) (Related Information) (Review) - List of papers and other publications on Japan's sexual minorities by Mark McLelland. (Alternate Link).  He is author of a book, Male Homosexuality in Modern Japan: Cultural Myths and Social Realities, Richmond: Curzon Press (2000).  (Japan Times Review) (Review) (New UQ book examines media perceptions of Japanese gays.) - Mark McLelland's Index page. - Review: Takarazuka: Sexual Politics and Popular Culture in Modern Japan - by Jennifer Robertson (1998) (Amazon). - Queer Japan from the Pacific War to the Internet Age - 2005 - by Mark J. McLelland (Review) (Author Interview). - Gay Japan Exploring Queer Spirits - 2007 - by Masashi Harada (Review) (Amazon).

Books: - Coming Out in Japan - 2001 - by Satoru Ito and Ryuta Yanase, translated by Francis Conlan (Review) (10 Sample Pages). - Sadao Hasegawa - 1996 -  by Sadao Hasegawa. - Kitchen - 1994 - by Banana Yoshimoto, Megan Backus (Translator) (7 Sample Pages). - The Global Emergence of Gay and Lesbian Politics: National Imprints of a Worldwide Movement - 1999 - edired by Barry D. Adam, Jan Willem Duyvendak, Andre Krouwel. Contains: "Japan: Finding Its Way" by Wim Lunsing. - Emerging Lesbian Voices from Japan - 2002 - by Sharon Chalmers (Review) (Amazon). - Love Upon the Chopping Board - 2000 - by Marou Izumo and Claire Maree (Review) (Review) (Related Information) (Amazon).

Books: - Partings at Dawn: An Anthology of Japanese Gay Literature - 1996 - edited by Stephen Miller (Review) (10 Sample Pages). - Great Mirrors Shattered: Homosexuality, Orientalism and Japan. - 1999 - by John Whittier Treat (Review). - Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600-1950 - 2000 - by Gregory M. Pflugfelder (41 Sample Pages) (Review) (Review) (Review). - Confessions of a Mask - 1972 - by Yukio Mishima, Meredith Weatherby (Translator) (About the Author). - The Life and Death of Yukio Mishima - 1995 - by Henry Scott-Stokes. - Novels of Yukio Mishima. - Genders, Transgenders and Sexualities in Japan - 2005 - by Mark Mclelland (Review).  - Men and Masculinities in Contemporary Japan: Dislocating the Salaryman Doxa - 2003 - edited by  James E. Roberson and Nobue Suzuki (Review).

Books: - Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan - 1997 - by Gary P. Leupp (20 Sample Pages) (Review) (Review). - Gay Tales of the Samurai - 1995 - by E. Powys Mathers, Henry M. Christman (Translator), Ihara Saikaku. - The Great Mirror of Male Love - 1991 - by Ihara Saikaku, Paul G. Schalow (Translator) (21 Sample Pages). - Life of an Amorous Man - 1964 (Reprint Edition: 2001) - by Ihara Saikaku. - Comrade Loves of the Samurai: Songs of the Geishas - 1972 - by Saikaku Ihara, Edward P. Mathers (Translator). -  Gay Erotic Art in Japan (vol. 1): Artists from the Time of the Birth of Gay Magazines - 2003 - by Tagame Gengoroh, with English translation by Kitajima Yuji (Review). - Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600-1950 - 2007 - by Gregory Pflugfelder. - In the Company of Men: Representations of Male-Male Sexuality in Meiji Literature - 2006 - by Jim Reichert (Content) (Review) (Review). 

Search Engines & Directories: - Google.com. - Google Scholar. - MSN Search.- Proteus Search. - Wikipedia Listing of Search Engines. - All GLBT Resource Directories. - Google's GLBT Directory. - Yahoo's Directory. - DMOZ: Open Directory. - BGLAD. - Wikipedia. - GLBTQ: The Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender & Queer Culture.

Directories for Open Access Resources: - The Directory of  Open-Access Journals. - Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR). - Yahoo Theses Access Directory. - Google Directory: Free Access Online Archives.

Open Access Collections From Multiple Sources: - Australian Research Online. - hal: articles en ligne (French / English Version). - Archive Ouverte INRIA. - Hispana. Directorio y recolector de recursos digitales. - Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal.  - Pacific Rim Library. - OAIster: a union catalog of available digital resources. - OpenPDF.com. - OpenJ-Gate: Open Access. -  findarticles.com: many free full text articles and papers. - Scribd.com. 

Search for Free Papers / Book Reviews: - All Papers are free at BioMed Cental (Open Access) & PubMed Central. - HighWire Press (Numerous Free Papers).  eScholarship Repository:  University of California, e-books, journals and peer-reviewed documents. - DSpace Eprints: Australian National University. - DSpace@MIT. - Virginia Tech: Digital Library / Archives. - eScholarship: U of California. - University of Southampton CiteBase. - Eprints: University of Nottingham. - T-Space at The University of Toronto Libraries.  - NTUR, National Taiwan University. - Allacademic: Some free papers to either read online or download as PDFs. -  UNESCO: Articles, Report, Dissertations, Films, etc. - Kyoto University Research Information Repository. - Doctoral dissertations and other publications from the University of Helsinki. - E-LIS: eprints in Library & Information Services. - CogPrints: eprints. - RePEc: Research Papers in Economics. - DiVa: Scandinavian University Documents. - The International Gay & Lesbian Review (IGLR): Book Reviews & Abstracts. - InterAlia, a peer-edited scholarly journal for queer theory. 

Search for Free Articles, Papers or Reports:  FindArticles.com - The Free Library. - France Queer Resources Directory. - Séminaire gai. - The QRD. - GLBTQ: The Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender & Queer Culture. - Human Rights Campaign. - IGLHRC: The International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission. - ILGA: The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. - ILGA-Europe: International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association of Europe. - Magnus Hirschfeld Archive for Sexology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. - Kinsey Institute Staff Publications. - Sexual Policy Watch Working Papers. -  NAZ Foundation International: Primary aim is to improve the sexual health and human rights of marginalised males who have sex with males, their partners and families in South Asia and elsewhere.  The World Health Orgazization. - The Body: The complete HIV/AIDS Resource. - POZ Magazine: Archive dates back to 1994.

Search for Papers, with Abstract Available (Some May Be Free): The National Library of Medicine (Free papera are highlighted). Abstracts from searches are available at: ERIC: The Education Resources Information Center (Many Free Documents). - Informaworld. - Oxford Journals (Some Open Access Content). - Springer Journals (Some Open Access Content). - ScienceDirect Journals. - University of California Press Journals on Caliber. - IngentaConnect. - Project Muse. - JSTOR: The Scholarly Journal Archive. - Wiley Interscience. - Cambridge Journals Online: Follow Link. - Sage Journals. - Palgrave Macmillan Journals. - Emerald E-journals. - University of Chicago Journals. - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Journals. - HeinOnline (Access Free Content, Law Papers). - SSRN: Social Science Research Network.

Search for Free Theses / Dissertations, May Include Papers: Library & Archives Canada, Electronic Free Theses Download. - Virginia Tech: Electronic Theses and Dissertations. - DSpace@MIT. - Electronic Theses & Dissertations BYU. - OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) Center & Worldwide ETD Index. - Australasian Digital Theses Program (Abstracts Given & Free Downloads). - Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Abstracts). - PQDTOpen Dissertations (Abstracts & Free Downloads: ProQuest). DART-Europe: Free Access to European Doctoral Theses. - The British Library's EThOS service (British Doctoral Theses Abstracts). - DORAS: Free Theses,  Ireland. - TEL (thèses-en-ligne). - DiVa: Scandinavian Theses / Other Documents. - BORA: Open Archive, University of Bergen, Norway.  - Doctoral dissertations and other publications from the University of Helsinki. - LUP: Lund University Publications. - National Cheng Kung University Institutional Repository. - HKU Scholars Hub. - Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertacoes (BDTD), Brazil. - OAIster: a union catalog of available digital resources. Free papers also available - OpenThesis.org.

Full Text Articles / Papers / Studies / Reports (and/or Abstracts):

AIDS Prevention and Care Committee (2001). Recommended Strategy for HIV prevention in MSM in Hong Kong. PDF Download.

Alexander R (2003). Social Transformation or a New Fashion : Sexual Minorities in Japan.  Journal of international cooperation studies, 10(3): 95-121. PDF Download.

Ako T (2001). Beginnings of Sex Reassignment Surgery in Japan. The International Journal of Trangenderism, 5(1). Full Text.

Angles J (2006). Penisism and the Eternal Hole: (Homo)Eroticism and Existential Exploration in the Early Poetry of Takahashi Mutsuo. Intersections, 12. Full Text. Download Page.

Aoki D (2006). Itō Bungaku and the Solidarity of the Rose Tribes [Barazoku]: Stirrings of Homo Solidarity in Early 1970s Japan. Full Text. Download Page.

Castro-Vazquez G, Kishi I (2003). Masculinities and Sexuality: the case of a Japanese top ranking senior high school. Journal of Gender Studies, 12(1): 21-33. PDF Download. Download Page.

Chalmers S (2002). My Queer Career: Coming Out as a 'Researcher' in Japan. Intersections, 7. Full Text. Download Page.

Chalmers S (2002). Who’s That Girl? Lesbian In/visibility in Japanese Society. IIAS Newsletter, 29, November. PDF Download. Download Page. Full Text.

Chalmers S (2001). Tolerance, Form and Female Dis-ease: The Pathologisation of Lesbian Sexuality in Japanese Society. Intersections, 6. Full Text. Download Page.

Chan M-W C (2005). Sexual Orientation discrimination in Hong Kong. Paper presented at The First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, July. PDF Download. Download Page.

Chen Y (2005). Schoolgirl Romance and Female Same-Sex Love in Eileen Chang's Tongxue shaonian dou bujian: toward a Tortured and Tortuous Po's Narrative. Paper presented at The First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, July. PDF Download. Download Page.

Chew L P-l (1989). Female homosexuality in Hong Kong : a psychosocial investigation. Master's Dissertation, Hong Kong University. Download Page. Note: Must accept agreement before dissertation is accessed.

Chu W-C R (2005). Queer(ing) Taiwan and Its Future: From an Agenda of Mainstream Self-Enlightenment to One of Sexual Citizenship?  Paper presented at The First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, July. PDF Download. Download Page.

Cong L, Ono-Kihara M, Xu G, Ma Q, Pan X, Zhang D, Homma T, Kihara M (2008). The characterisation of sexual behaviour in Chinese male university students who have sex with other men: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 22;8: 250. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

Darlington, Tania (2009). The Queering of Haruhi Fujioka: Cross-Dressing, Camp and Commoner Culture in Ouran High School Host Club. ImageTexT: Interdisciplinary Comics Studies, 4(3). Full Text.

Dong L (2005). Tracing Chinese Gay Cinema 1993-2002. In: Thematic Issue New Papers in American Cultural Studies. Ed. Joanne Morreale and P. David Marshall. Full Text.

Engebretsen, Elisabeth Lund (2008). Queer ethnography in theory and practice: Reflections on studying sexual globalization and women’s queer activism in Beijing. Graduate Journal of Social Science, (2): 88-116. PDF Download.

Hibino M (2005). What Is Necessary for US? For Our Queer Movement in Japan? Paper presented at The First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, July. PDF Download. Download Page.

Hidaka Y, Ichikawa S, Koyano J, Urao M, Yasuo T, Kimura H, Ono-Kihara M, Kihara M (2006). Substance use and sexual behaviours of Japanese men who have sex with men: a nationwide internet survey conducted in Japan. BMC Public Health, 6: 239. Full Text.

Hideki S (2006). The Social Situation Facing Gays in Japan. Intersections, 12. Full Text. Download Page.

Hiroshi H (2006). AIDS and the Gay Community in Japan. Intersections, 12. Full Text. Download Page.

Hiroyuki T (2006). The Legal Situation Facing Sexual Minorities in Japan. Intersections, 12. Full Text. Download Page.

Hitoshi I (2006). Interactive Practices in Shinjuku Ni-Chōme's Homosexual Bars. Intersections, 12. Full Text. Download Page.

Hitoshi I, Takanori M (2006). The Process of Divergence between 'Men who Love Men' and 'Feminised Men' in Postwar Japanese Media. Intersections, 12. Full Text. Download Page.

Ho JK-h (2006). Reinterpreting a queer experience : a study of Stanley Kwan's films and their reception. Master's Dissertation, Hong Kong University. Download Page. Note: Must accept agreement before dissertation is accessed.

Ho HTK (1996). Gender Benders: The Kabuki Onnagata Heroines as Performers of Femininity. PhD Dissertation. The Department of Comparative Literature, University of Hong Kong. PDF Download. Download Page.

Ho L (2005). Opening Up: Articulating a Same-sex Identity in Beijing. Paper presented at The First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, July. PDF Download. Download Page.

Ho PSY, Tsang AKT (2000). Negotiating Anal Intercourse in Inter-racial Gay Relationships in Hong Kong . Sexualities, 3(3): 299-323. Draft: Word Download.

Hsieh YH, Chen CWS, Lee SM, Chen YMA, Wu SI, Lai SF, Chang AL (2006). Estimating the Number of HIV-Infected Gay Sauna Patrons in Taipei Area. Physica A-Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 362(2): 495-503.  PDF Download. Download Page.

Hung CC, Ji DD, Sun HY, Lee YT, Hsu SY, Chang SY, Wu CH, Chan YH, Hsiao CF, Liu WC, Colebunders R (2008). Increased risk for Entamoeba histolytica infection and invasive amebiasis in HIV seropositive men who have sex with men in Taiwan. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2(2): e175. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

Jiang H (2005). ICCGL: Cultural Communication via the Internet and GLBT Community Building in China. Paper presented at The First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, July. PDF Download. Download Page.

Jones RH (2002). A Walk in the Park: Frames and Positions in AIDS Prevention Outreach among Gay Men in China.  Journal of Sociolinguistics 6(3): 575-588. Word Download. Download Page.

Jones RH (2000}. "Potato Seeking Rice": Language, Culture and Identity in Gay Personal Ads in Hong Kong. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 14(3): 33-61.. Full Text. Download Page.

Jones RH (1999). Mediated action and sexual risk: Searching for ‘culture’ in the discourses of homosexuality and AIDS prevention in China. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 1(2): 161-180.  Full Text. Download Page.

Jones RH, Candlin CN (2003). Constructing risk along timescales and trajectories: Gay men’s stories of sexual encounters. Health, Risk and Society, 5(2): 199-213.  Word Download. Download Page.

Jones RH, Kwan YK, Candlin CN (2000+). A Preliminary Investigation of HIV Vulnerability and Risk Behavior among Men who Have Sex with Men in Hong Kong. Download Page.

Ka-man, Carmen Tong (2002). Being a Tomboy: An Ethnographic Research of Young Schoolgirls in Hong Kong. E-Journal on Hong Kong Cultural and Social Studies, 2. Full Text.

Katsuzō N (2006). Japanese Lesbian/Gay Studies. Intersections, 12. Full Text. Download Page.

Kim YG, Hahn SJ (2006). Homosexuality in ancient and modern Korea. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 8(1): 59-65. PDF Download. Download Page.

Kuang M-F, Nojima K (3003). Mental Health and Sexual Orientation of Female in Taiwan: Using Internet as the research tool. Kyushu University Psychological Reseach, 4: 295-305. PDF Download.

Lam C-p (1998). Sexuality in formation of lesbian identity : an exploratory study in Hong Kong. Master's Dissertation, Hong Kong University. Download Page. Note: Must accept agreement before dissertation is accessed.

Lam ML (2005). A study on the Sexuality of Transsexuals in Hong Kong.  Paper presented at The First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, July. PDF Download. Download Page.

Lanam D (2004). Gender Cleansing: The Innocent World of Young Girls in Suzuki Izumi's "The Age of Woman and Woman". E-ASPAD: An Electronic Journal in Asian Studies. Full Text.

Lau HL (2005). Gay Specificity: The Reworking of Heteronormative Discourse in the Hong Kong Gay Community. Paper presented at The First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, July. PDF Download. Download Page.

Lau JTF, Siah PC, Tsui HY (2002). A study of the STD/AIDS related attitudes and behaviors of men who have sex with men in Hong Kong. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31(4): 367-372.  PDF Download. Download Page.

Lee BMW (2005). Together We Teach them Safe Sex:' HIV Education Program for Men who haves Sex with Men (MSM). Paper presented at The First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, July. PDF Download. Download Page.

Li X, Shi W, Li D, Ruan Y, Jia Y, Vermund SH, Zhang X, Wang C, Liu Y, Yu M, Xing H, Hong K, Shao Y (2008). Predictors of unprotected sex among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 39(1): 99-108. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

Liu CW (1995). "To Love, Honor, and Dismay": Subverting the Feminine in Ang Lee's Trilogy of Resuscitated Patriarchs. Hitting Critical Mass: A Journal of Asian American Cultural Criticism, 3(1). Full Text.

Linderström J (2007). Boy's Love: En studie av maskuliniteter och maktrelationer i yaoi manga. PDF Download.

Liou L-a (2005). Queer Theory and Politics in Taiwan: The Cultural Translation and (Re)Production of Queerness in and beyond Taiwan Lesbian/Gay/Queer Activism. NTU Studies in Language and Literature, 14: 123-154. PDF Download.

Liou L-y (2003). At the Intersection of the Global and the Local: Representations of Male Homosexuality in Fictions by Pai Hsien-yung, Li Ang, Chu Tien-wen, and Chi Ta-wei. Postcolonial Studies, 6(2): 191 - 206. PDF Download.

Lou J, Wu J, Chen L, Ruan Y, Shao Y (2009). A sex-role-preference model for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men in China. BMC Public Health, 18;9 Suppl 1:S10. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

Lubetsky MH (1998). Sensei, I Slashed My Wrists Last Night. The Language Teacher, May. Full Text.

Lulla R (1998?). Men who have sex with men in Hong Kong. Full Text.

Lunsing W (2006). Yaoi Ronsō: Discussing Depictions of Male Homosexuality in Japanese Girls' Comics, Gay Comics and Gay Pornography. Intersections, 12. Full Text. Download Page.

Lunsing W (2005). LGBT Rights in Japan. Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 17: 143–148.  PDF Download. Download Page.

Mak AH-s (2000). BI AII means : the trouble with Tong Zhi discourse : beyond queer looks in the East is red and Swordsman II. Master's Dissertation, Hong Kong University. Download Page. Note: Must accept agreement before dissertation is accessed.

Maree C (2004). Same-Sex Partnerships in Japan: Bypasses and Other Alternatives. Women’s Studies, 33: 541–549. PDF Download. Download Page.

Maree C (2003). Ore wa ore dakara ['Because I'm me']: A study of gender and language in the documentary Shinjuku Boys. Intersections 9.  Full Text. Download Page.

Martin F (2003). Introduction: Taiwan's literature of transgressive sexuality. In Angelwings: contemporary queer fiction from Taiwan: 1-28. PDF Download.

Martin F (2002). The Legacy of the Crocodile:: Critical Debates over Taiwanese Lesbian Fiction. IIAS Newsletter, 29, November. PDF Download.  Download Page.

Martin f (2000). Surface Tensions: Reading Productions of Tongzhi in Contemporary Taiwan. GLQ, 6(1): 61–86. PDF Download. Download Page.

Masataka M (2006). Determined to Live as a Man. Intersections, 12. Full Text. Download Page.

Matthews J (2005). Queer Japanese Identities: An Anti-disciplinary Approach to Constructions of Identity in Japan. Paper presented at The First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, July. PDF Download. Download Page.

McHarry M (2003). Yaoi: Redrawing Male Love. The Guide, November. Full Text.

McLelland MJ (2009). The role of the ‘tojisha’ in current debates about sexual minority rights in Japan. Japanese Studies, 29(2): 193-207. PDF Download.

McLelland M (2006). A Short History of Hentai. Intersections, 12. Full Text. Download Page.

McLelland M (2006). Introduction to the Queer Japan Special Issue. Intersections, 12. Full Text. Download Page.

McLelland M (2005). A Short History of Hentai. Paper presented at The First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, July. PDF Download. Download Page. 

McLelland M (2004). From the Stage to the Clinic:  Changing Transgender Identities in Post-War Japan. Japan Forum, 16(1): 1–20. PDF Download. Download Page.

McLelland M (2003). A Mirror for Men? Idealised Depictions of White Men and Gay Men in Japanese Women’s Media. Transformations, 6, February 2003. PDF Download. xx

McLelland MJ (2002). A Mirror for Men? Idealised Depictions of White Men and Gay Men in Japanese Women's Media. Transformations, 6. PDF Download.

McLelland MJ (2002). Kamingu Auto: Homosexuality & Popular Culture in Japan. IIAS Newsletter, 29, November. PDF Download. Download Page.

McLelland M (2001). Local meanings in global space: a case study of women's 'Boy love' web sites in Japanese and English. MOTS PLURIEL, 19. Full Text.

McLelland M (2001). Why Are Japanese Girls' Comics full of Boys Bonking? Intensities: the journal of cult media. 1. Full Text.  Also published in 2006 in: Refraction, 19. Full Text.

McLelland M (2001). Out on the Global Stage: Authenticity, Interpretation and Orientalism in Japanese Coming Out Narratives. electronic journal of contemporary japanese studies, October. Full Text.

McLelland M (2000). Male Homosexuality and Popular Culture in Modern Japan. Intersections, 3. Full Text. Download Page.

McLelland MJ (2000). Male homosexuality in modern Japan : cultural myths and social realities. PhD Dissertation, Hong Kong University. Download Page. Note: Must accept agreement before dissertation is accessed.

Micollier M (2005). Collective mobilisation and transnational solidarity to combat Aids in China: local dynamics and visibility of groups sexual and social minorities. Face to Face, 7. Full Text.

Micollier E (2005). Sida en Chine : discours et pratiques de la sexualité. La gestion de l’épidémie par l’Etat éclaire et reflète les contradictions de la société. Perspectives chinoises n° 89, mai- juin. Full Text.

MSM Working Group (2000). Hong Kong Community Planning Process on HIV/AIDS: Draft Situation Analysis. PDF Download.

Normington K (2004). Under the skin: theatrical cross- gender performances of Japan and the West. Masters' Dissertation. Theatre Arts, San Jose State University. Full Text.

Ruan Y, Luo F, Jia Y, Li X, Li Q, Liang H, Zhang X, Li D, Shi W, Freeman JM, Vermund SH, Shao Y (2009). Risk factors for syphilis and prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and C among men who have sex with men in Beijing, China: implications for HIV prevention. AIDS and Behavior, 13(4): 663-70. PDF Download. PubMed Abstract.

Sang TD (2002). Restless Longing: Homoerotic Fiction in China. IIAS Newsletter, 29, November. PDF Download. Download Page.

Shaw R K-w (2002). Gay desire and the politics of space. Master's Dissertation, Hong Kong University. Download Page. Note: Must accept agreement before dissertation is accessed.

Shiau H-C (2008). Performativity, Intertextuality, and Social Change: An Ethnographic Analysis of Taiwanese Gay Personal Ads. Gender Forum: An Internet Journal of Gender Studies, No. 20. Full Text.

Shiau H-C, Chen C-C (2009). When Sissy Boys Become Mainstream: Narrating Asian Feminized Masculinities in the Global Age. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 2(2): 55-74. PDF Download.

Shiu-Ki TK (2004). Queer at Your Own Risk:  Marginality, Community and Hong Kong Gay Male Bodies. Sexualities, 7(1): 5-30. PDF Download. Download Page.

Smith R (2002). Queer Mongolians: Is Isolation Their Destiny? IIAS Newsletter, 29, November. PDF Download. Download Page.

Smith G, Chung LC, Louey P (2003). A Study of the Sexual Behavior and Attitudes of the Men who use Hong Kong's Gay Saunas. Aids Concern, Hong Kong. PDF Download. PDF Download.

So SM-p (1996). An exploratory study of the myth and reality of male homosexual in Hong Kong. Master's Dissertation, Hong Kong University. Download Page. Note: Must accept agreement before dissertation is accessed.

Suganuma K (2006). Festival of Sexual Minorities in Japan: A Revival of the Tokyo Lesbian & Gay Parade in 2005. Full Text. Download Page.

Summerhawk B (1998). From Closet to Classroom: Gay Issues in ESL/EFL. The Language Tacher, May. Full Text.

Sun Z (2003+). Chinese Traditional Culture and Modern Recognition of Gay Rights. PDF Download.

Sun Z, Farrer J, Choi K-h (2006). Sexual identity among men who have sex with men in Shanghai. China Perspectives, 64, March-April: 2-12. Full Text. Download Page.

Takeyama A (2005). Commodified Romance in a Tokyo Host Club. Paper presented at The First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, July. PDF Download. Download Page.

Ta-wei C (2002). New Park: Gay Literature in Taiwan. IIAS Newsletter, 29, November. PDF Download. Download Page.

Tang D (2005). Spaces to Be Maneuvered: Lesbian Identities and Temporality.  Paper presented at The First International Conference of Asian Queer Studies, Bangkok, Thailand, July. PDF Download. Download Page.

Welker J (2004). Telling Her Story: Narrating a Japanese Lesbian Community. Japanstudien: Jahrbuch des Deutschen Instituts für Japanstudien, 16: 119-144. Full Text. PDF Download.

Xiaopei H (2002). Birthday in Beijing:: Women Tongzhi Organizing in 1990s’ China. IIAS Newsletter, 29, November. PDF Download. Download Page.

Zi’en C (2002). Filtered Voices: Representing Gay People in Today’s China. IIAS Newsletter, 29, November. PDF Download. Download Page.

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