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The evidence indicates that homosexually oriented males account for more than half of male youth suicide problems, but mainstream suicidologists generally continue to ignore this aspect of the problem. Information about lesbian youth suicide problems is included, as is other generally unrecognized factors possibly associated with youth suicide problems.

It is hoped that your exploration of the site lead to positive outcomes for the ongoing victims of the traditional Better be Dead Than Gay social ideology. Unfortunately, many professionals  have had a history of abusing, harming and/or ignoring these young individuals. They have also been ignoring the high risk status of many other adolescents targeted for abuse in schools and elsewhere because they are "presumed to be homosexual," usually on the basis of gender nonconformity. A 2004 research summary.  2007 Conference Alert - The Homosexuality Factor in Suicidality: Heterosexual Identified Individuals. - Conference Presentations by P. Tremblay & R. Ramsay.

Two Studies Are Re-Analysed by Plöderl et al., (2013) in "Suicide Risk and Sexual Orientation: A Critical Review." Conclusion: Sexual Minority Adolescents Are At Greater Risk for Dying by Suicide. The Expanded Analysis Related to This Study is Available!

IT GETS BETTER Project (2010)
The 2011 University GLB Student Suicidality & Deliberate Self-Injury Alert!

Estudio alerta sobre intentos de suicidio por discriminación gay según encuesta exploratoria en población costarricense
(Translation): Una investigación en población homosexual costarricense lanzó una campanada de alerta sobre intentos suicidas por
causa de la discriminación y rechazo por su orientación sexual. Investigación en 200 homosexuales halló hasta un 27% de intentos suicidas.
Rechazo familiar y social, problemas de pareja y soledad son principales causas.

Results of Massachusetts' 1999 YRBS 5.5% of students (average age about 16 years, Grades 9 - 12) are "sexual minority youth" defined on the basis of acknowledged identification as gay, lesbian, or bisexual, and/or reporting to have engaged in same-sex sexual activity. In the past 12 months, 29% of them are reported to have attempted suicide, compared to 7% of other students. One out of five adolescents (19.6%) reporting having attempted suicide in the past year is a sexual minority youth. One out of four adolescents (26.0%) reporting at least one suicide attempt associated with having received medical attention is a sexual minority youth. One out of three adolescents (34.6%) reporting ever having injected illicit drugs is a sexual minority youth. Click this link to see more results and additional Statistical Calculations: The "Greater Likelihoods" and the greater "odds" (Odds Ratios) for sexual minority youth having / reporting many problems. Results also available for 2001, 2003, and 2005. On the same web page: Results of other large adolescent surveys to 2007.

Survey Sept 1 to Oct 31 - Results Published January, 2001 Survey Results Highlights"

A 2002 Re-Evaluation of Massachusetts 1995/97 & Vermont 1995/97 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys: Bisexually Active Adolescents Most At Risk. See related information in 2003 PowerPoint Presentation by Pierre Tremblay & Richard Ramsay.

The paper, "Does your school track the suicidal student?" (The Clearing House, November/December, 2001: 92-5) by David Helsel begins with:

"Jared was a troubled teenager. He attended a large modern public middle school in an Ohio city. Although his school had no formal crisis management team, many of his teachers and friends and his counselor all agreed, after his suicide, that he had given them ample warning signs. Jared endured abuse in a family setting of domestic violence and alcoholism. Branded a sexual misfit at school, he did his best to cope with his gender confusion and poor academic performance. He let others know of his despair but could not convince them of his pain. On his last day he told his closest friend, Tony, that he could not endure anymore and that he would end his life that evening after school. Tony had heard those words before but Jared had never acted on them. So there seemed little reason to believe him now. Having given his last warning, Jared went home after school and shot himself" (92).

Gabriel Rotello (Alternate Link N/A) (The Advocate, January 16, 01): "In speaking to PFLAG chapters over the years, I have met several parents of gay kids who committed suicide, and their refrain is always sadly similar: 'If only we had known. Why didn’t we send the right signals to our children, telling them we would have loved them no matter what?'"

Barden, Connie (2004). Lesbian and Gay Youths at Risk: Providers must be more open minded about sexual orientation. American Journal of Nursing, 104(10): 13. "I will never forget the day that a physician colleague and I were chatting about his four children. “I’ll be happy with anything my kids do with their lives,” he said, “just as long as they don’t turn out gay. If I found out one was gay, I think I’d shoot myself.” Stunned, I remained silent. This colleague, who has known and respected me for years, assumed his comment was innocuous. I was hurt but not devastated. But how do such comments affect young people? ... An article published in School Administrator in February 2000 reported that gay-related name-calling (for example, “faggot” or “dyke”) occurs an average of 26 times daily on middle and high school campuses—and that many students harassed in this way identify themselves as heterosexual."

Our Gay Voice: "Most Persians in Southern California have never been exposed to accurate information about homosexuality.Degrading jokes about homosexuality can often be heard in Iranian gatherings. Gay youths (gay refers here to both male and female) growing up in such a homophobic community might find suicide or substance abuse as an escape.

Hatred in the Hallways (2001): Violence and Discrimination Against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Students in U.S. Schools & Hostile Hallways (2001): Bullying, Teasing, and Sexual Harassment in School: 74% of students say they would be "very upset... if someone called them gay or lesbian." More on American schools: 2004. - Bad days for gay teenagers.

The gay / bisexual boys who  have sex with men, their problems (including suicidality, high risk for contracting HIV, etc.) and the related scandalous "silence" about this reality by most researchers and gay community leaders. In Oslo, Norway, a 2003 study reports that for every "1" adolescent girl selling sex, there are 3.5 adolescent boys selling sex.

India: The Deaths of Two Women in Love: "Dead bodies of 2 young women were found at the Satyamangalam forest area, Erode district. They had committed suicide as they could not live apart from each other and they had a homosexual love relationship. They wrote in their heartbreaking letter that they couldn't live apart from each other."

The Phillipines: Suicide attempts among Filipino gays on the rise. -  Alarm over high rate of suicide cases among Filipino homosexuals.

France: British Medical Journal - "Within the framework of an exploratory study conducted among young people attending a French annual festival aiming at solidarity with persons living with the HIV, we found a significant difference (p<0.05) in the prevalence of lifetime (at least one) suicide attempts when comparing young MSM with their heterosexual (HS) peers (30% vs. 5.5 %) . These first data on French youth are very similar to those from larger representative studies conducted in other developed countries." Results of larger study given in 2005 "'Le Monde" article: "Les résultats préliminaires du travail de Marc Shelly, médecin de santé publique et responsable du centre de dépistage anonyme et gratuit de l'hôpital parisien Fernand-Widal, font apparaître que, "toutes choses égales par ailleurs" ­ - âge, lieu de résidence, niveau d'études, catégorie socioprofessionnelle, structure familiale parentale, modes de vie (couple ou célibat) ­-, les jeunes homosexuels ont treize fois plus de risque de faire une tentative de suicide que les jeunes hétérosexuels. Ces résultats confirment les chiffres issus des études américaines, canadiennes et australiennes : elles aboutissent, chez les homosexuels, à des chiffres de "sursuicidalité" variant de six à treize..." [When controlling for many factors, homosexually oriented males in Paris are 13 times more likely to have attempted suicide than heterosexually oriented males.] Two related "Le Monde" Articles: Guillaume "n'arrivait pas à parler", alors, à 17 ans, il a craqué. Marc Shelly, médecin de santé publique, responsable du centre de dépistage anonyme et gratuit de l'hôpital Fernand-Widal: "Ils semblent se considérer comme des personnes de moindre qualité". NOTE: Suicide studies and suicide prevention efforts in France, as well as elsewhere, have generally ignored all issues related to homosexuality. When the people at greatest risk for problems are ignored in prevention efforts, the result will be: maximizing the casualties in this segment of the population. Why this unspoken objective/outcome has been a rule in mainstream suicidology - dominated by 'mental health' professionals who once decreed that homosexual people should not exist and therefore should be 'cured' - should be studied.

Austria: The above French study suggests that one in three males who attempts suicide are homosexually oriented (Suicide : les jeunes gays premiers concernés). A Canadian study (random sample) reported that, for serious suicide attempts, about 62% of male suciide attempters would be homosexually oriented (PubMed Abstract). An Austrian study (PubMed Abstract) suggests that about 50% of suicide attempters, both male and female, are homosexually oriented.

How Times Change: "It's a sad story. Five years ago, 19-year-old Jim Wheeler took his own life because he couldn't deal with being the only gay person he knew existed in his rural Pennsylvania town. To Jim, Lebanon was a horrible, lonely place where the local therapist told him gayness was an unpardonable sin. It was the pinnacle of farm-town small-minded America, its idyllic beauty barely masking an undercurrent of intolerance and fear. Jim couldn't handle it. It ate away at him until, even as his own parents reached out with love and support, he crumbled. Jim's story is told in the documentary film Jim In Bold, airing on PBS and MTV in 2003..."

Gay, Bisexual Women Take More Risks Than Gay Men. - Lesbian and Bi Women More Likely to Engage in Risky Behavior, Study Finds. - Gay & Bi Women Greater Risk Takers. - US Study: Lesbian and bi women more likely to engage in risky behavior.

The impact of transphobia on HIV risk behaviors among male-to-female transgenders in San Francisco (PDF Download): Focus Group (N = 48) & Cross-Sectional Sample (N  = 332), most having had a commercial sex work history: 29% reported having attempted suicide, with another 15% having experienced suicidal ideation.

Largest Ever Study of Anti-LGBT Harassment in Schools Shows the Problem is Widespread, Dangerous and Preventable: "The in-depth companion survey found that school campuses in California are hostile climates for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) students and gender non-conforming students. Two in every three LGBT students reported harassment based on sexual orientation, and 47% of LGBT students experienced repeated harassment. Almost half of their peers agree that their school is not safe for LGBT students. These findings are supported by the fact that 91% of all students report hearing their peers use slurs about sexual orientation and more than 40% reported hearing teachers making such negative comments or slurs. In addition, 27% of students reported being harassed because they weren’t “masculine enough” or “feminine enough,” and more than half of all students said their schools are unsafe for boys who aren’t as masculine as other boys."

Are lesbians, gay men, bisexual people, and transgendered people more suicidal that others??? Presentation by Anthony D'Augelli. PDF Download for PowerPoint Presentation. - "I thought of suicide once. I nearly committed it. I wanted it to look like an accident..." - HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, health care use, and mental health status of transgender persons: implications for public health intervention: "We recruited transgender persons through targeted sampling, respondent-driven sampling, and agency referrals; 392 male-to-female and 123 female-to-male transgender persons were interviewed and tested for HIV... Sixty-two percent of the male-to-female and 55% of the female-to-male transgender persons were depressed; 32% of each population had attempted suicide." Free download of paper is available.

Suicide Research (Scotland): Hutchison C, Porter S, De Voil S (2003). Live to Tell: Finding of a Study of Suicidal Thoughts, Feelings and Behaviours Amongst Young Gay and Bisexual Men in Edinburgh. Scotland: Gay Men’s Health - LGBT Youth Scotland. Internet: http://www.lgbtyouth.org.uk/portalbase/pages/download.aspx?locationId=550deae3-11c0-46c9-865a-d38510a7ab6f . (Download Page) -  http://www.mrsite.co.uk/usersitesv/pctherapy.org.uk/wwwroot/USERIMAGES/livetotellpdf.pdf . - Craig Hutchison's Web Site.

Research highlights: 95 Gay/Bi Males aged 15-26 (Average age = 20.8 years). 28% of respondents had at some point deliberately injured themselves with no suicidal intent. This compares to 2% of men in the general population.. 54% of respondents had seriously considered taking their own life, compared to 13% of men in the general population who have ever considered suicide. 51% of respondents who had previously considered suicide now no longer felt suicidal. However, 15% of respondents still seriously considered suicide at least once a month. 27% of young gay/bisexual men have attempted suicide compared to 4% of the general population. Suicide attempts were most common in those young gay/bisexual men aged 14 to 20. 58% of those who had attempted suicide made only one attempt. 35% had made three or more attempts. 23% made five or more attempts. 54% of respondents who had attempted suicide had at some point deliberately injured themselves without wanting to take their own life.

Rosario, M. et al. (2005). Psychological Distress Following Suicidality Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youths: Role of Social Relationships. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(2): 149–161. Link to Abstract.

Excerpt: "Youths between the ages of 14 and 21 years were recruited from 3 gay-focused community organizations (85%) and 2 public-college GLB student organizations (15%) in New York City. Approximately 80% of the youths approached for recruitment participated in the study... Of the 156 youths interviewed at baseline, 35% had attempted suicide, 23% had seriously thought about suicide but had not attempted, and 42% had neither attempted nor ideated at any time in their lives. Of the youths who had attempted suicide, many had attempted more than once (M = 3.76, SD = 7.56). The last of these attempts was an average of 3.16 years (SD = 2.88) before the baseline assessment, with 31% having attempted suicide in the year prior to the study. The youths were an average of 15.28 years of age (SD = 2.86) at their most recent suicide attempt. Of the 79 youths who had ever seriously thought about suicide (43 had both ideated and attempted suicide and 36 had ideated but never attempted suicide), 39% reported 1 or 2 episodes of ideation, 35% reported between 3 and 10 episodes, and 26% had more than 10 episodes of suicidal ideation. The youths’ last suicidal ideation had occurred an average of 1.87 years ago (SD = 2.05), with 53% having an episode of ideationago (SD = 2.05), with 53% having an episode of ideation within the year prior to the study. The youths were an average of 16.49 years of age (SD = 2.35) at the time of their most recent suicidal ideation. The suicide attempts of the youths were serious. Of the 55 youths who reported suicide attempts, 93%reported a specific method for their most recent attempt, including cutting (32%), ingesting pills or chemicals (65%), jumping (8%), or some other method (16%). Further, 51% reported that their suicide attempt required medical care, including 33% who were hospitalized. GLB youths who received medical care for their attempt did not differ significantly from thosewho did not receive care on any study variable, including psychological distress and social desirability. Interestingly, social desirability was unrelated to suicidality, further suggesting that this sample of GLB youths accurately reported their history of suicidality. within the year prior to the study. The youths were an average of 16.49 years of age (SD = 2.35) at the time of their most recent suicidal ideation. The suicide attempts of the youths were serious. Of the 55 youths who reported suicide attempts, 93%reported a specific method for their most recent attempt, including cutting (32%), ingesting pills or chemicals (65%), jumping (8%), or some other method (16%). Further, 51% reported that their suicide attempt required medical care, including 33% who were hospitalized. GLB youths who received medical care for their attempt did not differ ignificantly from thosewho did not receive care on any study variable, including psychological distress and social desirability. Interestingly, social desirability was unrelated to suicidality, further suggesting that this sample of GLB youths accurately reported their history of suicidality..."

Kenagy GP 2005. Transgender health: findings from two needs assessment studies in Philadelphia. Health and Social Work, 30(1): 19-26. Link to Abstract.

From Abstract: "A total of 182 people responded to a face-to-face interview or self-administered mail survey: 113 male-to-female individuals and 69 female-to-male individuals. About three-fifths of respondents had engaged in unprotected sexual activity during the past 12 months. The risk for HIV infection from unprotected sex was significantly higher among respondents of color than among white respondents. About one-third (30.1 percent) of respondents had attempted suicide."

Excerpt: "Suicide among transgender people has rarely been studied. Although researchers have speculated that transsexuals are prone to suicide (Block & Tessler, 1973; Levine, 1978; Wicks, 1977), only two empirical studies were found that asked transgender people about suicide (Clements, Marx, Guzman, Ikeda, & Katz, 1998; Xavier, 2000). A study of 515 transgender people in San Francisco found that 32 percent of the sample had attempted suicide (Clements et al.). The percentage of transgender people who had attempted suicide was lower (16 percent) among a Washington, DC, sample (N = 252), however, 35 percent had experienced suicidal ideation and among them, 64 percent had thought about suicide because of gender issues (Xavier)... When asked "Have you ever attempted suicide?" about one-third (30.1 percent) of the 176 respondents who answered the question said "yes." Among the 111 MTFs who answered the question, 32.4 percent had attempted suicide; among the 65 FTMs 26.2 percent had attempted suicide. Respondents who had attempted suicide were asked: "Did you attempt suicide because you are transgendered?" Of the 49 people who answered the question, about two-thirds (67.3 percent) said "yes." Among the 32 MTFs who answered the question, three-quarters (75.0 percent) said being transgender was the reason they attempted suicide. Among the 17 FTMs who answered the question, more than half (52.9 percent) said being transgender was the reason they attempted suicide." Note: Most (68%) were African American.

Not only "White" GLBT Youth  Experience Suicide Problems They know that I'm here at UCSB, doing my Ph.D. in sociology... (Note: White Print & White Background) I have heard so many stories of Asian American gays, lesbians and bisexuals who feel left out of Asian American communities, that they become ashamed of being Asian American, or that they commit suicide because they don't know of any other Asian American gays, lesbians or bisexuals. From the Asian Cultural Diversity Roundtable, Session 3: (Alternate Link) Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Young Asian Americans (April 12, 2000): "Because gay and lesbian youth in general face extremely high suicide rates, Asian American gay or lesbian youth may be at extra risk. Many will not consider coming out to their families because the cultural stigma is so strong." - A South Asian Love Story. Gay Utah Teen’s Suicide Leaves Parents Questioning School’s Conduct (2012): On Thursday, November 29, David Phan was suspended from Bennion Junior High in Taylorsville, Utah. But, when his mother, Phuong Tran arrived at the school to pick up her son, she was not given a reason for his suspension. Rather, the principal said, they would “discuss it Tuesday.” ... She took him home and, after being reassured he was all right, went back to work. But around 3pm the same day, 14-year-old David Phan shot himself in front of shocked peers on a pedestrian bridge leading to Bennion’s campus. David’s mother would later find a note in David’s room: “I had a great life but I must leave.” An avid outdoorsman who worked at local gun shows, practiced at the firing range and wanted to serve in the Army, David came out to his older brother and other family members a year ago. Then, about three months ago, he came out to his mother and, finally, his father, Nhuan Phan, who hugged David and assured him he loved him and wanted him to be safe... - Was teen’s suicide fueled by bullying? Family left with unclear answers (2012). - David Phan's Suicide Sparks Grief, Anger and Call for Justice (2013). Abuse traumatizes gay community (2011): Researchers call for greater public awareness about the consequences of homophobic discrimination... Gays and trans-genders at a beauty contest in Ho Chi Minh City. The gay community is looking for more tolerance from the society. A 20-year-old homosexual in Hanoi told researchers that discrimination from his classmates and parents had driven him to attempt suicide three times since the age of 14.  “The only thing I could think of doing was to die,” he said.  He made his first attempt in the 8th grade, after his classmates mocked him and his parents beat him.  The young man told researchers that he ingested rat poison but recovered from the effects the following morning.  “I did not know anyone like me and was so lonely and hurt because of what my family and classmates did to me,” he said.  Next time, he tried sleeping pills, he said, — only to vomit them all up.  In his third and final attempt to take his own life, the young man went to a quiet spot near the Nga Tu So underground tunnel. He took sleeping pills again and hoped to die alone.  But someone discovered him and took him to the police who later transferred him to hospital assuming he was a drug addict who had overdosed.  Cases like his are not rare in Vietnam... Vietnam – Story of a gay man (2011): Can't find a way out and don't know who opine along, He stabbed thought cycle and attempted suicide… Song twice Vinh suicidal then were rescued. “Maybe even death also do not want to receive Honor ", Thanh Vinh smiled sad recall. David Phan's Suicide Sparks Grief, Anger and Call for Justice (2013): As reported in The Salt Lake Tribune, while David's family lovingly supported him when he came out as gay, David shielded his parents from the "horror and negative experiences" he faced at Bennion. The desire to protect the parents from knowing that one is being bullied is quite common, according to Dr. Amanda Di Bartolomeo, clinical psychologist at George Mason University, who has worked with students in similar situations. But what's uncommon and inexcusable is that no one from Bennion alerted the Phan family about any "personal challenges," whether bullying or non-bullying related... Suicide of Gay Soldier Brings to Surface Military’s Indifference to Sexual Minorities (2013): On the 16th, it was reported that a gay soldier in the Korean military committed suicide. It was revealed that Soldier Lee (alias) was struggling with his sexual identity and reached out multiple times to the Ministry of Defense and to his superiors but no appropriate assistance was provided. Author Keith Boykin's new book (2011): For Colored Boys Who Have Considered Suicide When The Rainbow Is Still Not Enough. Rickey Williams:  Rickey committed suicide. He jumped off the Golden Gate Bridge and plunged 220 feet to his death. He was 28 years old... Rickey understood the tragedy of black men who were and are dying in our communities. Just last summer, after visiting New York for the Black Gay Research Summit and the annual Pride In The City weekend, he signed onto an open letter to black gay men asking them, us to do something, anything about the AIDS epidemic in our midst. Forty-six percent of black men who have sex with men in some cities may be HIV positive. But who gives a damn, the letter asked... I know too many black men who are depressed and lonely, too many black men who have contemplated killing themselves, and too many black men who have actually attempted suicide. It's not easy being a black man. It's not easy being a black man who loves black men... From Comments: "My first boyfriend committed suicide and thats such an awful feeling to be that close to someone and not know the turmoil inside." Talented and Successful Gay Asian Commits Suicide (2010): When I read the New York Times article “Tobias Wong, Witty Designer and Conceptual Artist Dies at 35“, I felt sad that the world had lost an important artistic talent.  But I’m also sad that the Gay Asian community has lost an impressive role model. Another African American Gay Male Commits Suicide (2010): Joseph Jefferson's chilling last words, shared on Facebook with his friends, were: "I could not bear the burden of living as a gay man of color in a world grown cold and hateful towards those of us who live and love differently than the so-called 'social mainstream.' Belonging is one of the basic human needs, when people feel isolated and excluded from a sense of communion with others, they suffer....I have been an advocate for my peers and most importantly youth because most have never had a deep emotional attachment to anyone. They don't know how to love and be loved in return. The need to be loved can sometimes translate to the need to belong to someone or something. Driven by that need..... Most will do anything to belong." ... Yang, Pahoua K (2008). A Phenomenological Study of the Coming Out Experiences of Gay and Lesbian Hmong. PHD. Dissertaton, University of Minnesota. PDF Download. Download Page. "For seventeen-year-old Pa Nhia Xiong and 21-year-old Yee Yang (whose death is not included among these numbers), a romantic relationship that was condemned by their families and their community drove the women to commit suicide by binding their bodies together and drowning in a local lake (Ellis, 2002). The Fresno Bee (2002) named the above story on Xiong and Yang “Embracing the Forbidden,” an attempt to capture the feelings of Hmong lesbians and gay men who are given the message that they do not have a place in their families or communities." Homophobic Violence in Immigrant Communities: Even in the Tolerant Nordic Countries Young Gay People Face Violence. Homosexualité au Maroc:  L'homosexualité ne se vit pas de la même manière partout... Il existe malheureusement encore des régions du monde où le coming-out "n'existe pas". Kal28, âgé de 29 ans en 2004, vit dans une petite ville du maghreb. Son coming-out n'est que virtuel, via le net, ne pouvant pas l'annoncer chez lui...Eh bien moi, je ne suis pas européen ! Je suis marocain ! Dans un pays arabomusulman ! Le coming-out pour moi, c'est comme se jeter dans les enfers ! Ni famille, ni amis, ni personne ici ne pourra comprendre ce que c'est d'être homo... ! Alors... ne trouvant aucune lueur d'espoir, en 1997, alors que j'avais 22 ans, et en plus du stress quotidien qui gonfle terriblement quand on est déjà mal dans sa peau, j'ai tenté de me suicider... et j'ai frôlé la mort... Etre gay en Algérie: Bonjour , moi c'est pinou ,je suis algerien ,j'ai 26 ans mon probleme est que je suis gay et j'en souffre beaucoup car je vis dans une societé qui ne tolére pas l'homosexualité,la séxualité est un tabou dans les société musulmane alors imaginer etre homosexuele dans ses société... Aujourd'hui j'ai décidé d'en parler et de me confie mon secret pour la premier foie de ma vie car j'en peut plus et je pense beaucoup au suicide pour en finir et s'est aussi un autre péché dans notre religion l'islam mais j'en ai pas d'autre choix car l'enfer je le connais déja,mais j'aime trop ma famille pour le leurs faire du mal et leurs causer du chagrin ,mais croyez moi top au tard je passerais a l'acte... Eritrea: BtM: What is the problem facing individual gays, governmental homophobic behaviour, as well as discrimination? M: Some of them who I meet are HIV positive, they don't have any awareness as gays that they should use a condom, they think condoms are only for heterosexuals. Most of them are in confusion, they don't have interest to accept who they are. One of my close friends goes to church to get cured. Another one killed himself a year ago. But, no one, not even his family knew on what grounds he committed suicide. Only me and other friends of mine knew. Death hangs over Somali queers (Alternate Link): Faro, is one of the leaders of Queer Somalia, a community based organisation based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. He makes frequent visits to Somalia to make contact with small groups of queers there and on a recent visit he sent back startling information that shows that for gay and lesbian people in Somalia the issue of death looms large. Whether through suicide following pressure from families or via loosely applied Islamic law that is uncontrolled due to the lack of a central government, their greatest fear is death—a sentence that can be brought upon them just for being homosexual, or for being perceived to be homosexual. "Sensei, I Slashed My Wrists Last Night." (The Language Teacher, 1998) "Mike, I slashed my wrists last night," Kaoru announced, "But don't worry. I'm okay now. I didn't cut that hard." Shock? Confusion? Anger? What was I supposed to feel? More importantly, what was I supposed to do? We talked long into the night, and even when my head was falling from exhaustion, I was too terrified to hang up. This particular story, at least, has a happy ending. Over the following four months, Kaoru came out to family and  friends, founded a sexuality discussion group at the university, and began volunteering for gay and lesbian cultural projects. Kaoru's struggles are far from over, of course - rebuilding a life can take years - but now the challenge is being met with optimism and confidence. - Attempted suicide, psychological health and exposure to harassment among Japanese homosexual, bisexual or other men questioning their sexual orientation recruited via the internet. - Mental health and school-based verbal abuse among Japanese gay and bisexual men (Related PowerPoint Download). Cultural Odyssey in association with the National Performance Network and the NQAF present: FAGGOT, a one-man multi-character performance, is the story of Michael, a boy who, daunted by his mother, Rita, run the gamut of attempted suicide, rape, alcoholism, homelessness and prostitution. From a homoerotic rite of passage into manhood, through spiritual warfare, to self-salvation, Michael inevitably learns what it means and costs to be both black and gay. South Asian Atlantans Feel Burden of Model Minority Myth: "Career choice isn't the only land mine within the community. Marrying outside the ethnic circle and being homosexual both clearly fall outside acceptable behavior. Aditya Kar, a native of India who now lives in Atlanta, is gay. When he returned home to tell his father this, he literally didn't have the words to break the news. "I was talking in Bengali to my father when I had to use the word 'gay,' but there's no equivalent word in Bengali to get the full meaning," he says. "I had to use the three exact words in English: 'I am gay.' " Kar, 36, says he once contemplated suicide because he thought something was wrong with him. His story was featured in a documentary about gay South Asians, "For Straights Only," by Atlanta filmmaker Vismita Gupta-Smith. "If I had seen one South Asian face in my childhood or teenage [years] who said, 'I'm South Asian and I'm gay and it's OK,' I would not have thought of ending my life and probably used it in a more productive way," Kar says. In Sri Lanka, sexual orientation puts gays at risk: In her native Sri Lanka, a land of sandy beaches licked by the emerald-hued waters of the Indian Ocean, Rosanna Flamer-Caldera almost lost her wrestling match with homosexuality when she attempted suicide in her teens. With no one to turn to in a country that considers homosexuality a criminal offence, death seemed the better alternative. Attempting suicide, however, wound up saving her... Laguna Beach Beating Opens Closed Asian Door: "Homosexuality: A Growing Orange County Group is Trying to Overcome the Gay Taboo in Vietnamese-American Families...  Pham, who is not gay, said he started the group after his gay brother, a Catholic who could not accept his sexuality, committed suicide at age 28, and after his Vietnamese girlfriend came out as lesbian." - Malyasia: Homosexuality And The Church Dialogue: "They are living a double life ? putting up a happy mask upfront in the church and society, but privately suffering from shame and guilt because of their homosexual inclinations. Or they resort to committing suicide to ease the pressure from family and society..." The Truth About Black Teen Suicide: ""I didn't think that African-American teenagers thought about suicide," my teacher said, her eyebrows drawn together in confusion... Like my teacher, I guess I thought suicide was more of a problem with White teens. Teen suicides talked about in the media were always White. If Blacks of any age were committing suicide, I had never heard about it in the news or on TV. Suicide never came up in a conversation with my friends, and my parents never talked about it... When it comes to the motivations to commit suicide, Ross said, "there is no difference between us." Just like White teens, Black teens have had exposure to conflicts and sexual identity issues." African-American suicide: a cultural paradox: "Risk factors for Black suicide include: male sex, early adulthood, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, family or interpersonal conflict, antisocial behavior, and homosexuality.' - The influence of dual-identity development on the psychosocial functioning of African-American gay and bisexual men. Life and Death in Queer Korea: "I consider myself lucky, though. Between 1997 and 1999, three of my gay friends in South Korea committed suicide. In May 1998, Oh disclosed his homosexuality to his family. They immediately rejected him and expelled him from their home. After living and suffering on the streets for months, and at one point sleeping in an office, Oh killed himself. The other two went to Seoul National University, which is South Korea's Harvard or Yale. One was in Law School; the other was a graduate student in biology. Their success in society was "guaranteed." However, when they came to the age of marriage, they both faced a brutal dilemma. Neither wanted to marry. But they also didn't want to disown their families and disappoint their parents. So, they chose to kill themselves. One in 1997, the other in 1999. No funerals were held for these three young men: their families considered them "bad" sons..." Guyana: Letter to Editor by Vidyaratha Kissoon: "Some of the suicide cases in Berbice felt they were homosexual"** (Stabroek News, August 2, 2001): "The continued condemnation of homosexuality in Guyana has severe consequences. The recent survey of Suicide in Region 5 & Region 6 revealed that 8.9% of the suicides felt they were homosexual. Men and boys who are sexually abused are scared to report because they feel that they will be labelled as homosexual and be condemned as a result. [Homosexuality] legal but not accepted (Eritrea): "Some of them who I meet are HIV positive, they don't have any awareness as gays that they should use a condom, they think condoms are only for heterosexuals. Most of them are in confusion, they don't have interest to accept who they are. One of my close friends goes to church to get cured. Another one killed himself a year ago. But, no one, not even his family knew on what grounds he committed suicide. Only me and other friends of mine knew..." Death hangs over somali queers (Somalia) (Alternate Link): "He makes frequent visits to Somalia to make contact with small groups of queers there and on a recent visit he sent back startling information that shows that for gay and lesbian people in Somalia the issue of death looms large. Whether through suicide following pressure from families or via loosely applied Islamic law that is uncontrolled due to the lack of a central government, their greatest fear is death - a sentence that can be brought upon them just for being homosexual, or for being perceived to be homosexual..." Beyond sex, same-sex marriage and bathrooms: racism in the gay community and homophobia in the ethnic communities:  celebrating the gay ethnic experiences: I felt isolated with the Caucasian LGBTQ community that I was supposedly a part of – as they wanted me to “get over it, move on,” – not realizing that not only had I lost a relationship, but my family and still didn’t feel Canadian. I had no community and my immigrant status, my cultural differences in the way I expressed my pain – the fact that I did what every Caribbean woman does when the pain is great, you wrap your arms around your tummy and wail. This further isolated me from the few straight people in the congregation who were bold enough to try to be with me. That feeling of aloneness and belonging nowhere compounded my depression and lead me to trying to commit suicide not once but twice. From Gay Trinidad - Voices: - Gay In A Straight World - "...It's being taught to hate yourself knowing that you cannot change, knowing you can never share that wonderful feeling of being in love with your family and most of your friends... I am 17 and I HAVE NO CHOICE BUT to LIVE MY "SO-CALLED LIFE" LIKE THIS. One day I WILL try to change this, I PROMISE." - My Lowest Point - "...Sometimes I have to ask myself how can life be so happy at one point in time and then plummet to the deepest depths of despair....  I needed to be able to distance myself from reality. I did to a point. I had that happy place in my mind that I would retreat to whenever everything was bad. However everytime I retreated into it, it grew smaller until there was nothing left... Its horrible being gay and your parents not knowing and not accepting. I hurt inside everytime my father makes a derogatory comment. And he does it alot." - Homophobia and gay youth suicide: two interrelated destructive forces in our society. An open letter to the people of Trinidad and Tobago. India: The Deaths of Two Women in Love: "Dead bodies of 2 young women were found at the Satyamangalam forest area, Erode district. They had committed suicide as they could not live apart from each other and they had a homosexual love relationship. They wrote in their heartbreaking letter that they couldn't live apart from each other." The Phillipines: Suicide attempts among Filipino gays on the rise. -  Alarm over high rate of suicide cases among Filipino homosexuals. Attempted suicide and associated risk factors among youth in urban Japan (2008). - Suicidality and Self-Harm Among Sexual Minorities in Japan (2008). Child of 10% - by Alex Hoa Alternate Link  Ona, Fernando Frederick (2002).  Of bougie babes and bangy boyz: A cultural study of suicide and other funky everyday thangs. PhD Thesis, University of California, San Francisco, with University of California, Berkeley. UMI Abstract. Abstract Excerpt: The cultural experience of suicide within American ethnic groups of color is not well understood within the social science literature. Furthermore, few studies examine the cultural experience of suicide among 18-26 year old Americans of Asian/Pacific Islander descent, especially among gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered or queer youth (LGBTQ). This dissertation is a street ethnography among a group of LGBTQ, 18-26 year old, Americans of Asian/Pacific Islander descent.... The dissertation concludes that suicide occurs, not only in a vacuum of pathological psychiatric disorders of the self, but also in a complex cultural arena where disappointments and expectations, hopelessness and despair, loss and yearning fuse within an intimate place of becoming-in-belonging within everyday American culture.    New Support Group Established to Help Lesbians in India (The Journey: Director Ligy J Pullappally, a film-maker and a lawyer specialising in women’s rights, created the film to help lower the number of lesbian suicides in Kerala in the Southern region of India.) “Women activists alarmed by the rising incidence of suicides among lesbians have formed Sahayathrika, an advocacy group that provides support and counselling to troubled lesbians in Thiruvananthapuram, India. Sahayathrika was created by a group of women activists who got alarmed by the increasing number of suicides in Kerala committed by women who love women. At least 21 suicide cases of women identified as lesbian have been reported over the last five years. Most of these women are from the lower middle class. Lesbians who are frustrated that they are unable to lead the lives that they want because of societal pressures often commit these suicides. Fear of social stigma is always the enemy of these women, along with the condemnation of their family if their sexual orientation was revealed. In Indian society, homosexuality is still considered as a deviant behaviour, and is dismissed as a sexual delinquency or a stage in a woman's life, which she will eventually "pass" or "get over it." Sahayathrika workers fear that more suicides will follow if no one will reach out to these troubled women… In spite of these setbacks, lesbians have been coming out of hiding and are reaching out to the group. Sahayathrika workers are happy that slowly, their efforts are gaining positive results - 25 lesbians have contacted them since the group was formed in October 2002…” Queer India: The Fire Inside (2008):  In the light of such treatment, it comes as no surprise that the suicide rate for lesbians in India is high. Hardly a week passes without a story appearing in the papers about young couples who have chosen to die rather than live in a society that refuses to believe they exist - there were 24 documented cases of lesbian suicide pacts between 1996 and 2004 in the state of Kerala alone.[1] In May 2008 there was the particularly shocking case of Christy and Rukmini from Chennai. Both had husbands and after years of torment from their families they set themselves on fire. Relatives found their charred bodies still hugging each other. It has been suggested that the high suicide rate is also related to the fact that support structures for lesbians in India are scarce. Chennai, for example, does not have a helpline for lesbians. Some say resources are dwindling even further. Lesbian couple commits suicide (2011) Racism in GLBT Communities (Includes story of suicide attempt by 10-year-old gay boy)

C.A.S.P. Conference 2004 Poster Presentation

First National Aboriginal Injury Prevention Conference: Towards Community Action on Aboriginal Injurie

Books

“I Thought People Like That Killed Themselves” Lesbians, Gay Men and Suicide by Eric Rofes (1983).
English Translation of Abstract for the 2000 Québec Study "Mort Ou Fif": Excerpts (Translation)
The book begins with the story of two Quebec boys who committed suicide.
It is available in English: "Dead Boys Can't Dance:
Sexual Orientation, Masculinity, and Suicide" par Michel Dorais (2004)
See also: "Homosexualité & suicide" par E. Verdier et J.M. Firdion (2001) - - Book Review 1 (Translation). 2 (Translation).
Le risque de suicide chez les jeunes à orientation sexuelle non conventionnelle
par Jean-Marie Firdion, Eric Verdier (2003). PDF Download (Translation).
Plus: Death by Denial: Studies of Suicide in Gay and Lesbian Teenagers. Review.
Edited by Gary Remafedi (1994) - Introduction. Review.
  "Sexuelle Orientierung, Suizidalität und psychische Gesundheit" - 2005 - von Martin Plöderl (Google books).
Cultural Diversity and Suicide: Ethnic, Religious, Gender
And Sexual Orientation Perspectives - 2006 - by Mark M Leach (Contents) (Google Books) (Review).
Être homo aujourd’hui en France: Enquête Le Refuge auprès de 500 jeunes gais et lesbiennes,
Michel Dorais en collaboration avec Isabelle Chollet, H&O Essai, 2012. Summary (Translation).
30% of the study sample - mean age: 28.5 years, 76% urban - reported having attempted suicide.
Interview avec Michel Dorais (Translation).
Cover, Rob (2012). Queer Youth Suicide, Culture and Identity. Introduction. News Item: Same-sex marriage not the answer: expert (2012)...

Same-sex marriage and anti-bullying policies will not prevent the high rate of suicide among young gay people, according to a researcher at The University of Western Australia... "Same-sex marriage can increase the distinctions between queer people, making some feel more alienated and unable to aspire to happiness," Associate Professor Cover said. "It is not where resources for improving the lives of queer youth ought to be directed - more needs to be done around bullying and representation." Associate Professor Cover's research points out that marriage and relationships are not the primary concerns of the small but important minority of gay youth struggling with intolerable emotional pain, bullying, identity issues or pressures leading to mental health concerns... "Young queer people are coming out much earlier and there is broader family and community acceptance." Yet while life is significantly better for many gay adults, Associate Professor Cover argues that young gay people still seek suicide as an escape from unbearable or unliveable lives. See Also: WA Prof queries role of legalising gay marriage in reducing gay suicide (2012). Is same-sex marriage an adequate response to queer youth suicide? (2012).

Full Text Papers!  - - AsiaPacifiQueer 3

Sexualities, Genders, And Rights in Asia: An International Conference of Asian Queer Studies Bangkok, Thailand, July 8-10, 2005 Closing date for submitting paper and panel proposals: October 31, 2004

Advice & Information (UK)

Click On the "SEX ED" Logo!  GLBTQ Information By:  "Advocates For Youth"

Mormon Suicide memorial. Why This memorial? Suicide Information. Articles.

Suicide Vigils. Memorial Links. Awareness Links. Bibliography.

The Save-The-World Factor: Overview/Contents - (01/99)

The Save-The-World Factor: Part 1 - (12/96, 09/97). Notes 1-26. Notes 27-45.

The Save-The-World Factor: Part 2 - (09-11/97)

The Save-The-World Factor: Part 3 - (01/98)

TheSave-The-World Factor: Ongoing Anorexia Case 'Study' - (09/98 to 05/99)

The Save-The-World Factor: Carl Gustav Jung & Other Save-The-World Kids - (01/00 to 02/00)

Papers on Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youth Suicide Problems.

Bagley C, and D'Augelli AR (2000). Suicidal behaviour in gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth. BMJ (British Medical Journal), 320(7250): 1617-8. (Editorial) Full Text.

Cochand P, Moret P, Singy P (2000). Incidence du développement de l'identité sexuelle sur les risques de contamination par le VIH chez les hommes homosexuels et bisexuels de 25 ans et moins en Suisse romande. Full Text. For the young gay identified males studies, 31.7% reported suicide ideation occuring in the past 6 months, and 24.4% reported having attempted suicide in their lifetime. Also noted: A 1999 German study of 217 homosexual idividuals (age = 15-27) reported that 18% had attempted suicide.

Halpert, Stephen  C (1999).  Suicidal behavior among gay male youth:  Fact or fiction? Ph.D. Thesis, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio. Abstract supplied by author on August 21, 2000. A paper related to this study is in press, Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy. (Link to Abstract)

Gamache P, Lazear KJ (2009). Asset-Based Approaches for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Questioning, Intersex, and Two-Spirit (LGBTQI2-S). The Research & Training Center for Children’s Mental Health, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, College of Behavioral & Community Sciences, University of South Florida. PDF Download.

Jorm AF, Korten AE, Rodgers B, Jacomb PA, Christensen H (2002). Sexual orientation and mental health: results from a community survey of young and middle-aged adults. British Journal of Psychiatry. 180: 423-7. PubMed Abstract. Australian study: "A community survey of 4824 adults was carried out in Canberra, Australia... Conclusions: The bisexual group had the worst mental health, although homosexual participants also tended to report more distress. Full Text.

Leslie MB, Stein JA, Rotheram-Borus MJ (2002). Sex-specific predictors of suicidality among runaway youth. Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31(1): 27-40.  (PubMed Abstract) "348 adolescent runways (197 boys; 56% African American; M age = 16)... Twenty-five percent of the girls and 14% of the boys had attempted suicide at least once. Male suicidality was mainly predicted by individual characteristics: identifying as gay, emotional distress, fewer conduct problems, and avoidant reasons for drug use."

Paul JP, Catania J, Pollack L, Moskowitz J, Canchola J, Mills T, Binson D, Stall R (2002). Suicide attempts among gay and bisexual men: lifetime prevalence and antecedents. American Journal of Public Health, 92(8): 1338-45. (PubMed Abstract) (Full Text: PDF). Related Articles: Gay men much more likely to attempt suicide. - A Study Finds High Rate of Suicide Attempts for Gay Men. - Suicide [attempt] rate for gay, bisexual men 3 times higher.

Remafedi, Gary (2002). Suicidality in a venue-based sample of young men who have sex with men. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(4): 305-10. (PubMed Abstract) "One-third of all respondents reported at least one suicide attempt, and 4.7% attempted suicide in the past year... suicide attempts were more prevalent among African-Americans and urban residents... attempts are more prevalent among out-of-school youths..." Full Text .

Robin L, Brener ND, Donahue SF, Hack T, Hale K, Goodenow C (2002). Associations between health risk behaviors and opposite-, same-, and both-sex sexual partners in representative samples of Vermont and Massachusetts high school.  Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 156(4): 349-55. PubMed Abstract. Study Highlights. Full Text .

Skegg K, Nada-Raja S, Dickson N, Paul C, Williams S (2003). Sexual orientation and self-harm in men and women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(3): 541-6. Lifetime suicide attempt incidences for young adult males: Heterosexual (6%), Minor Homosexuality (16%), Significant Homosexuality (25%). For females: Heterosexual (9%), Minor Homosexuality (11%), Significant Homosexuality (33%). American Journal of Psychiatry web site. Full Text. (PubMed Abstract) - Related New Item: Same Sex Attraction Increases Risk of Self-Harm.

Tamam L, Özpoyraz N, Rasim S, Diler RS (2001). Homosexuality and Suicide: A Case Report. Annals of Sciences, 10(1): 41-44. Full Text. Full Text. "In this case report, we presented a young gay patient who attempted suicide and discussed the major causes of this attempt, primarily sexual prejudice of the society and possible therapeutic approaches."

Special Issue on "Sexual Orientation" in "Vis-à-vie" by the Quebec Association of Suicidology is available.  La revue le Vis-à-vie, vol. 10 nº 2, 2000: Le thème de ce numéro est « Suicide et orientations sexuelles » (Translation) -  Un double tabou. (Translation) - Orientations homosexuelles ou bisexuelles chez les jeunes présentant des problèmes suicidaires: recherche, problématique et propositions. (Translation) - La honte d'être. (Translation) - Mort ou fif, différence assassinée. (Translation) - Événements suicidaires chez les hommes gais. (Translation) - Gai écoute, 20 ans d'espoir. - Suicide-Action Montréal et Gai écoute : un projet conjoint de formation et de sensibilisation. (Translation) - L'intervention dans Chaudière-Appalaches. (Translation) - Histoire de vie. (Translation)  Note: The English version of "Orientations homosexuelles ou bisexuelles chez les jeunes présentant des problèmes suicidaires: recherche, problématique et propositions" by Pierre Tremblay and Richard Ramsay is available as "Suicidal problems of youth with homosexual or bisexual orientations: research, problems, and proposals.

Identity Questions: "Are you... Bisexual, Gay, Fa’afaine, Heterosexual, Queer, Takataapui, Transgender, Transexual, Homosexual, Straight,  and/or other (please indicate)? Are you... Asian, Maori, Pacific Islands, Pakeha, New Zealand European, European, and/or other (please indicate)?" Some Examples of Qualitative Categories for Main Reasons for Suicide Attempts "Loneliness and/or Social Isolation: I was lonely, my flat mates were all against me and I felt really depressed. It was also mid-year exam time. I also felt that my life was going no-where." "Hopelessness: Felt as if there was nothing in the world there for me. No people, no life, no jobs-nothing. I felt like a burden on my mum and thought the world would be better off without me in it." "Depression: The sense of isolation, depression, stress. Compounded by my emerging gay identity. This attempt was triggered by fighting with my brother." "Fear of rejection and/or lack of support from family: Family were drifting from me, and I felt alone, friends had moved on with their lives, I had no relationship which I wished for at the time." "Societal heterosexism:Being told that being queer was unnatural and people like that don't deserve to live!" "Low self-esteem, self-confidence and/or self-acceptance" "Miscellaneous:I thought if I took the problem away by trying suicide, it would solve itself." -  "Attention I think." - "Felt there were no other options." The Study's Abstract I'm Going Home: A personal Journey "I can understand why some queer youth may decide to end their lives. I realised I was sexually attracted to men at the age of 12. By the time I had my driver's licence, I had suicidal thoughts daily. Everyday, on my way to secondary school I would drive a rural road with a 50-metre cliff off to one side. Each time I breached the top of the hill I would decide whether or not it was worth continuing on my way to school, or if I should have an 'accident' and kill myself." (From the Preface, by John Fenaughty) Study Available Via University of Auckland Library

Review or Meta-Analyses Papers on Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youth Suicidality.

Haas AP, Eliason M, Mays VM, Mathy RM, Cochran SD, D'Augelli AR, Silverman MM, Fisher PW, Hughes T, Rosario M, Russell ST, Malley E, Reed J, Litts DA, Haller E, Sell RL, Remafedi G, Bradford J, Beautrais AL, Brown GK, Diamond GM, Friedman MS, Garofalo R, Turner MS, Hollibaugh A, Clayton PJ (2011). Suicide and suicide risk in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations: review and recommendations. Journal of Homosexuality, 58(1): 10-51. Abstract. Full Text: Open Access.

Marshal MP, Dietz LJ, Friedman MS, Stall R, Smith HA, McGinley J, Thoma BC, Murray PJ, D'Augelli AR, Brent DA (2011). Suicidality and depression disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual youth: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Adolescent Health, 49(2): 115-123. Abstract. PDF Download.

Plöderl M, Kralovec K, Fartacek C, Fartacek R (2009). Homosexualität als Risikofaktor für Depression und Suizidalität bei Männern. Blickpunkt DER MANN: 7(4): 28-37. PDF Download.

Lewis NM (2009). Mental health in sexual minorities: recent indicators, trends, and their relationships to place in North America and Europe. Health Place, 15(4): 1029-45. Abstract.

Leu, Christian (2008). Orientation sexuelle et comportements suicidaires: Une enquête sur les résultats de la recherche internationale et nationale sur les facteurs de risque et de protection pour les adolescents homosexuels et bisexuels. Berne, La Suisse / Switzerland: Le collectif Formation de PINK CROSS, LOS et fels. Full Text N/A. Download Page N/A. Word Download. Download Page.

Julien D, Chartrand E (2005). Recension des études utilisant un échantillon probabiliste sur la santé des personnes gaies, lesbiennes et bisexuelles. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 46(4): 235-250. Abstract.

King et al. (2008). A Systematic Review of Mental Disorder, Suicide, and Deliberate Self Harm in Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People. BMC Psychiatry. Full Text. Full Text. Abstract.

Suicide Prevention Resource Center (2008). Suicide risk and prevention for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Newton, MA: Education Development Center, Inc. Prepared by the Suicide Prevention Resource Center for the Center for Mental Health Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Download: http://www.sprc.org/library/SPRC_LGBT_Youth.pdf. 

Plöderl M, Sauer J,  Reinhold FR (2006). Suizidalität und psychische Gesundheit von homo- und bisexuellen Männern und Frauen – Eine Metaanalyse internationaler Zufallsstichproben. Verhaltenstherapie & psychosoziale Praxis, 38(2): 283-302. Abstract.

McAndrew S, Warne T (2004). Ignoring the evidence dictating the practice: sexual orientation, suicidality and the dichotomy of the mental health nurse. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 11(4): 428-34. Abstract.

Russell ST (2003). Sexual minority youth and suicide risk. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(9): 1241-1257. Abstract. PDF Download.

Meyer, IH (2003). Prejudice, Social Stress, and Mental Health in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations: Conceptual Issues and Research Evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5): 674–697. Full Text.

Lebson M (2002). Suicide among homosexual youth. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(4): 107-17. PubMed Abstract.

McDaniel JS, Purcell DW, D'Augelli AR (2001). The relationship between sexual orientation and risk for suicide: research findings and future directions for research and prevention.. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31(Suppl.): 84-105. (Review) PubMed reference.  PDF Download. (Download Page)

Morrison LL, L'Heureux J (2001). Suicide and gay / lesbian / bisexual youth: implications for clinicians. Journal of Adolescence, 24(1): 39-49. PubMed Abstract. PDF Download. PDF Download.

Tremblay P, and Ramsay R (2000). Orientations homosexuelles ou bisexuelles chez les jeunes présentant des problème suicidaires: recherche, problématique et propositions. Le Vis-À-Vie, 10(2): 5-8. (Review) Internet English version of the paper: Full Text.

Bagley C, and Tremblay P (2000). Elevated rates of suicidal behavior in gay, lesbian and bisexual youth. Crisis, 21(3): 111-17. (Review) Internet draft of the paper: Draft: Full Text. PubMed Abstract.

Bagley C, and D'Augelli AR (2000). Suicidal behaviour in gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth. BMJ (British Medical Journal), 320(7250): 1617-8. (Editorial) Full Text.

Kulkin HS, Chauvin EA, Percle GA (2000). Suicide among gay and lesbian adolescents and young adults: a review of the literature. Journal of Homosexuality, 40(1): 1-29. (Review) PubMed Abstract.

Remafedi G (1999). Sexual orientation and youth suicide. JAMA, 282(13): 1291-2. Full Text (Must Scroll): PDF Download. Full Text.

Halpert, Stephen  C (1999).  Suicidal behavior among gay male youth:  Fact or fiction? Ph.D. Thesis, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio. Abstract supplied by author on August 21, 2001. A paper related to this study is in press, Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy. (Link to Abstract)

Erwin K (1993). Interpreting the evidence: competing paradigms and the emergence of lesbian and gay suicide as a "social fact". International Journal of Health Services, 23(3): 437-53. PubMed Abstract.   

The GLBTQ Information Pages:
 

GLBT   Identities  & Coming Out Lesbian  &  Bisexual Women Bisexuality Transgender / TV / TS & Intersexual A, B. Professional   Education Counseling   Information Homo-Negativity/-Phobia Public Schools Religion & Spirituality Homosexuality: Biological ? Or  Learned  ?

Race/Ethic Minority Issues in U.S., Canada, Europe, New Zealand & Australia A, B Latin America / Africa A, B, C. Middle East / Asia A, B, C, D, E, F Male  Youth  Prostitution A, B. HIV  -  AIDS  A, B. GB Male Suicide A, B, C, D, E, F GLBT  (Queer ?)  History The Elderly Couples / Family Substance Use/Abuse GLB Community

2006-08

Aboriginal Two-Spirit Suicidality Issues. Opening of an Associated Internet Resource.

2004-05

Conference-Related Resources. - Updated Interim Version of the paper "The Social Construction of Male Homosexuality..." now titled "The Changing Social Construction of Western Male Homosexuality: Associations With Worsening Youth Suicide problems." 

2003

Development of a Suicidality & GLBTQ Information Web Resource.

The Online return of "The Homosexuality Factor In Social Violence."

2000-2002

Book: Mort Ou Fif  Web Page. - French Resources. - Paper for *Le Vis-à-Vie: Journal de l'Association Québécoise de Suicidologie.

March / July, 2000

October 2004 Update of Paper:

The Paper (written in collaboration with Professor Ramsay, Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary) was Presented by Pierre Tremblay at The 11th Annual Sociological Symposium: "Deconstructing Youth Suicide," San Diego State University - March 17, 2000. A part of the present updated version of the paper was presented at the Gay Men's Health Summit in Boulder, Colorado - July, 2000.

Male 'Homosexualities' In India / South Asia: Excerpts from - Khan, Shivananda (2001). Culture, sexualities, and identities: men who have sex with men in India. Journal of Homosexuality, 40(3/4), 99-115. & Asthana S, and Oostvogels R (2001). The social construction of male 'homosexuality' in India: implications for HIV transmission and prevention. Social Science & Medicine, 52: 707-21. Male 'Homosexualities' In India / South Asia (Part 2).  Male 'Homosexualities' In India / South Asia (Part 3).

May, 2000

Odds Ratios were generated for the 1995 Seattle Youth Risk Behavior Survey.

Two more studies report that homosexually oriented individuals are at greater risk for a number of problems, including suicide problems. Cochran and Mays (2000) report on men having sex with men (2.2% of the sample) compared to men who only had sex with women. Lock and Steiner (1999) report on an California upper middle class high school sample with 6% of students identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

Coming in next few months! Three Quebec Studies Exploring suicidality of gay and bisexual males. One study reports a lifetime suicide attempt incidence = 36% - (Related Article). - One study now available! - by Michel Dorais, Unversité Laval.

July/ November, 2000

Gay communities must end their tradition of sweeping gay community problems under the carpet in an effort to appear acceptable to the greater community. When 20 to 35 percent of American gay and bisexual male adolescents are attempting suicide every 12 months, the objective should not be to ignore the problem apparently because talking about and addressing this situation will make GB youth 'look' bad, or feel bad, God forbid! Ignoring this problem (and all other adolescent GB male problems) for whatever reason will certainly make "all" GB males look infinitely worse, given that the possible death outcomes of such neglect will most please the ones harboring a murderous hatred for gay and bisexual males.

Ignoring this "suicide problem"  - which is linked to the same situation causing many gay adolescent males to drop out of school (become runaways / throwaways), and become sexually available to men who desire them - is likely related to gay community leaders not wanting to vex the often wealthy and powerful gay males who do NOT want their socially constructed "youngest and freshest meat" delivery system interfered with. A part of the story related to this "fact of life" is reported on by Philip Guichard (2000) who describes his adolescence and the adolescence of other gay-identified boys which includes having many relationships with older men as a result of venturing into gay communities: - The Queer Issue: "Lay Off Me! I'm a Boy, Not Your Toy, and I Want To Be With Another Boy. I Hate Older Men." Some of the situations described may well be implicated in suicide attempts and even suicides. The difference between how average gay / bisexual male youth are often treated in gay communities is that average GB male youth are not being paid for their services - thus imposing on them a status less than that of male prostitutes. A Toronto study of gay youth by John Maxwell (Young Gay & Bisexual Men and HIV: A qualitative study of safer sex knowledge and behaviour among young gay and bisexual men - 1998) reported:

Many of the study participants noted that as younger gay/bisexual men, they often felt that they were "preyed upon" by older or more sexually experienced gay men - even other more sexually experienced gay and bisexual youth. One participant lamented the lack of "mentoring" in the gay community: "When I came out into the community (a few years ago) I felt that I needed to become totally immersed in the gay community. So, I left a lot of my straight friends behind. Unfortunately, rather than meeting other gay men who could help me manoeuvre my way in the community, I often met people who just wanted to take advantage of me, sexually."

Now Available! - The gay / bisexual boys who  have sex with men, their problems (including suicidality, high risk for contracting HIV, etc.) and the related scandalous "silence" about this reality by most researchers and gay community leaders. As a rule, this "Silence Kills!" situation was maintained throughout the AIDS epidemic. This new page is being written to inform the Surgeon General about an important "at risk" group of boys that he should be concerned about.

August, 2000

The First Page on GLB Suicide Problems in a European Country: Norway's Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Suicide Problems. Second Page.

September, 2000

GBL Suicide Problems In England, Scotland & Ireland? A new Web Page.

Anti-Gay School / Society Situation In Australia And Homophobia in Smaller Cities and Towns.

The Suicide of Kurt Cobain: A victim of the Binary and Biphobia?

Summary of Results for the 1999 Oregon Youth Risk Behavior Survey: Serious Suicide Problems For Adolescents Subjected to Anti-Homosexual Harassment.

October, 2000

Suicidal problems of youth with homosexual or bisexual orientations: research, problems, and proposals. By P. Tremblay and R. Ramsay. To be published in French in a GLB issue of Vis-à-Vie, le journal de l'Association Québécoise de Suicidologie. (GLB Suicidality Resources / References - en français.)

Suicidal Crisis and Depression and the Emergence of Homosexual Identity in Young Males. By C. Bagley and P. Tremblay:  USAD Article.

A study from Québec by Michel Dorais, Université Laval: - MORT OU FIF: Contextes et mobiles de tentatives de suicide chez des adolescents et jeunes hommes homosexuels ou identifiés comme tels. Et perspectives de prévention. ---Translation: Death or Fag: The contexts and motives for suicide attempts by adolescent and young adult homosexually oriented males. Recommendations for suicide prevention. Related Internet Resources.

Results of Massachusetts' 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey.
 

Older Additions: Sept '99 - Feb '00

1. A 20-year-old American female reports on a secret only one other student knew about: The grade-9 boy who committed suicide at school was gay. "Dead Gay Kid's Don't Talk, But..."

2. A mother's letter to her son who, in his suicide note, revealed that he was gay and could not live with that. A Photo History of Bruce.

October - December 1999

Two studies published in Archives of General Psychiatry replicate the higher suicidality risks for homosexually oriented individuals. Longitudinal Youth Study in New Zealand (By age 21: Suicide attempt incidence for GLB identified youth is 32.1%, and 7.0% for the others). - A Sample of Vietnam veteran twin (one homosexual, one not). Related article by Reuters.

Major changes have been occurring in Australia indicating a return to the status quo: Maintaining a maximum casualty level in the gay and bisexual male youth population. January 2000, Good News about the Youth and Sexuality Project. Final Report available for PDF download.

An individual from Norway reports on the existence of a new study of gay youth producing a "suicide attempt" incidence of about 25%.

An Irish study of gay and bisexual males produces a "suicide attempt" incidence of 32%.

February, 2000

Carl Gustav Jung & Other Save-The-World Kids ! ? Perceiving psychosis in a different way. Individuals at high risk for suicide?
 

The Homosexuality Factor In The Youth Suicide Problem. (10/95)

The negative effects of racist white-dominated GLB communities on GLB people of colour is noted, along with other problems faced in the greater society and in their own ethnic/racial groups - commonly more homophobic than white cultures. Additional "racism" information from the United States is also supplied. The issue of racism in Calgary's GLB community was addressed only in 1993 in a gay/lesbian magazine (Links to Articles Here) - and at a Gay Pride function in the same year, but it continues to be ignored even in the one-year-old Calgary GLB community magazine OUTLOOKS. The magazine, however, has also ignored the GB youth suicide problem which often continues after the "at risk" individuals have made more formal contact with GB institutions. Several GLB individuals of colour in the "leader" category (such as Kevin DeSouza, Susanda Ya, and Paul Ferandez) left Calgary (1995/96) in complete disgust with the situation.

The Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Factor in the Youth Suicide Problem.

Six parts of the book, The Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Factor in the Youth Suicide Problem are online:

An Appendix containing a published 1991 investigative report on what Alberta professionals working with children and adolescents were doing to help "at risk" GLB children & adolescents. - A 1998 update. - This report led to writing the 1991 52-page report, Gay and Lesbian Youth Need our Help,  submitted to Jim Dinning, Alberta's Minister of Education.

Update 1996: A summary of events which occurred since 1994 is given, along with additional information related to GLB suicide problems, such as child sexual abuse.

The chapter,  The "Gay Factor" In The Street Youth Problem, which is related to male youth prostitution. - A 1998 update. - Internet resources related to male youth prostitution.

The Additional Problems of GLB Youth of Colour: (11/94, 03/98) - Internet Resources related to North American and International GLB People of Colour Issues.  - Supplementary Information.

A Calgary Gay Youth Attempts Suicide. (2/99)  Illustrates how some gay youth, even by the age of 13, may be most determined to kill themselves.

The Suicide of Bobby Steele.  The story also illustrates how researchers such as David Shaffer would have failed to discover that Bobby was homosexually active and also linked to Edmonton's gay community. Such seriously flawed research - rooted in a great ignorance of adolescent homosexual realities - has contributed to mainstream suicidology generally ignoring homosexuality issues in youth suicide research, intervention, and prevention.
 

Internet Survey of GLBT Youth Reports High Suicide Attempt Rate. (03/98)

An Internet survey reports a 44% suicide attempt rate N/A for 198 GLBT respondents (Average age = 31-years-old); 80% of the first suicide attempts occurred before the age of 20.

A survey of 255 GLB adults seeking counseling - reports a suicide attempt incidence of 41% and the average age of the first suicide attempt was 12-years-old. Almost one-third of the attempters attempted suicide 3 or more times.

Kids Help Phone, Canada: 1-800-668-6868 - The Youth Line is a phone line for youth in Ontario, Canada: You are not alone! You can call the Lesbian Gay Bi Youth Line at 1-800-268-YOUTH (1-800-268-9688) across Ontario, or (416) 962-YOUTH (962-9688) in the 416/905 local calling area. The Youth Line Website: http://www.youthline.ca/.

Gay Boys Support (http://www.gayboysupport.nl/en/): Listing of International Resources (http://www.gayboysupport.nl/en/helplines.htm).

Transgender Help Lines (NorthEast Indiana Transgender Support Groups): http://www.neitsg.com/helplines.html.

A Quick Search to Locate Help Lines Worldwide! Made Available by Befrienders: http://www.befrienders.org/.

This Website Was Created By Pierre Tremblay With The Greatly Appreciated Help of Chris Hooymans, The Webmaster at Websight West and Former Publisher of CLUE! Magazine Which Was the Best Gay Magazine to Have Been Published in Calgary. A Tragic "Downhill" Situation Has Existed Since Then, but a New Magazine ("Outlooks" http://www.outlooks.ca) has Become Available (Premiere March Issue, 1997) and Shows Promise. Will it be another "fluff" gay publication which avoids addressing important issues in insightful (even truthful) ways? Time will tell.
By September, 1998, the magazine had not ventured into any controversial - meaning "significant" - GLB community issues. Nothing "insightful" - beyond what has not worked for increasing "safer sex" practices by gay/bisexual males - has been printed. Silence was still being maintained with respect to racism problems in Calgary's gay and lesbian communities, and nothing has been written about the most "at risk" gay and bisexual male adolescents and their problems often involving gay or bisexual men with whom they may be involved. Maybe, they could even write about a situation brought to my attention in September, 1998: A gay high school teacher walks into a Calgary gay club and sees that one of his male students - not yet of legal age to be in such a club - is stripping. This situation involves serious "ethical" issues, but related discussions are not occurring in Calgary's GLB community, nor at the Calgary Board of Education.

Other important ethical issues are: A Calgary gay high school teacher is approached by a gay male student who reports on his relationship with a middle-aged gay male television personality. The teacher knows that the TV personality is HIV+ but the boy does not know this. What should the teacher do? Are school counselors educated and trained to deal with such issues? If not, why not?

Bisexual female youth and lesbian youth do attempt suicide. Jayelle tells her story and more in Life, Death, And the Movies. - A Significant Problem for Homosexually Oriented Males. The Homosexuality Factor In Social Violence. Older Index page.

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